Background: Management of Mental Health Care Users is a critical component of the overall health care system, yet it is not given the serious attention it deserves due to stigma and discrimination against those living with mental health challenges. These results in mental health care users being readmitted to the hospital frequently, despite the poor resources and overburdened health care system. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of Psychiatric Nurses regarding the care of Mental Health Care Users in the selected hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative study was followed, where explorative, descriptive, and contextual designs were used. The researcher purposefully selected thirty-four Psychiatric Nurses who have been working in mental health units. Data was collected through unstructured interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Results: The study revealed significant challenges, such as poor mental health structures or no mental health unit at all, and this forces Psychiatric Nurses to mix critically ill medical patients with psychotic patients. Furthermore, there is a shortage of staff and treatment to manage users. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study showed that psychiatric nurses face serious emotional and resource-related challenges in caring for mental health care users. This highlights the urgent need for support from institutions, ongoing training, and better working conditions to improve the quality of mental health care. The success of the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental health care users depends on the support of MHCUs by family and management.

ABSTRACT The Gowa Public Library is unique and child-friendly in design, highlighting a contemporary architectural style with geometric shapes, minimalist lines and utilization of natural lighting. Library visitors choose to sit at the edge of the room, adjacent to the bookshelves. Adult visitors use Children Reading Room, designed for children to read and study, for their own reading, studying, and do assignment. This study aims to explain visitors’ behavior in choosing seats in the reading room of the Gowa Public Library, employing a qualitative approach grounded in the pragmatism paradigm. The data collection techniques are observation, structured and unstructured interviews and documentation of library visitor activities. The analysis technique used are place-centered mapping, person-centered mapping and physical traces. This method focuses on observing visitors in choosing a seat in the library. The results show that Main Reading Room is a popular room because it has a unique design. The behavior of visitors in choosing where to sit varies based on the time of visit. Three patterns of behavior are found, which are analyzed from the organization of the space and the traces left by library visitors.

ABSTRACT Aging, information technology, and social transformation challenge the traditional functions of older adult universities. Previous studies have revealed the personal, family, and social values of older adult schools, but the social functions have not been specifically reported. This study examines how older adult learners verify and construct the social functions of older adult universities in China. A theoretical framework was constructed inspired by theories of life course, information technology, and common interests. Twelve older adult learners from Yin Ling Older Adult University in Shanghai were recruited following a qualitative research. Unstructured interviews were employed to collect data, which were analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. The reliability was enhanced through the application of the kappa coefficient and reflective practice. The study found that older adult learners verify social functions of older adult universities in China. Firstly, older adult universities provide a platform for learners who have gradually lost friends after retirement to make new friends. Secondly, older adult universities compensate for the shortcomings of virtual online chat in meeting the psychological needs of learners to make friends. Thirdly, making friends with common interests is activated in conversational teaching and after-class interactions. This study examines how older adult learners verify and construct the social functions of older adult universities in China. In addition, this study provides practical value and policy insights for understanding the relationship between the learners’ needs and older adult universities’ functions.

Objective of this study is to explore the culture shock experienced by Sudanese students studying at a university in Palembang, Indonesia, focusing on both students' psychological and sociocultural adaptation challenges and strategies when adapted to a new cultural environment. The method is qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through questionnaires and unstructured interviews to obtain a deeper exploration of students’ perspectives. As a result, the findings reveal that Sudanese students experienced the four stages of culture shock such as honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment. During the crisis stage, students reported difficulties related to language barriers, food, climate differences, and communication patterns with local students. Over time, in the recovery and adjustment stages, students gradually adapted by building social networks, improving language skills, and engaging in local cultural practices. Furthermore, this study offers novelty by integrating intercultural adaptation theories and exploring the under-researched experiences of African students in Indonesia by providing insights into how they enhance academic adaptability and sociocultural competence during classroom activities. The findings reveal that social adaptation strategies significantly improved students' English ability by encouraging actual language exposure, improving academic confidence, and promoting greater understanding and production of academic texts.

Background: Locus of control (LOC) influences initiation, maintenance, recovery and relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). 4Aim: To explore lived experiences of LOC among patients with AUD admitted to a tertiary care mental health facility in Western Maharashtra. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was used. Purposive sampling recruited 11 adult male inpatients with AUD (ICD-10). Unstructured in-depth interviews (20-45 minutes) were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. 1NVivo (Version 12) supported data management. Trustworthiness was ensured using credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability strategies. 2,3Results: Four themes emerged from 16 inductive codes: (1) External Triggers to Initiation, (2) Internal Resolve for Recovery, (3) External Barriers to Cessation and (4) Hybrid LOC Dynamics in Relapse. Conclusion: LOC in AUD appeared fluid and phase-specific. LOC-focused nursing interventions may strengthen internal control and support sustained recovery.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of Emergency Department nurses working during the first phase of the COVD19 pandemic. Background: The impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic to the national health care system was unexpected and devastating in many ways. Emergency Department nurses were overwhelmed with very little time to process this situation. Guidelines kept changing for dealing with this pandemic. Registered nurses working in the Emergency Department, as first responders, were called upon to make decisions for which they were not prepared. Methods: A purposive sample of 15 registered nurses working in the Emergency Department during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited using snowball technique. Data collection was conducted using unstructured interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method which guided this study. Results: Analysis of the data revealed six essential themes: uncertainty and fear; overwhelmed and fatigued; stoicism and resilience; teamwork, ethical dilemma, and spirituality. These themes highlighted the failures in policy to address the health and well-being of Emergency Department nurses as they respond to public health disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic Conclusion: Emergency department nurses were affected physically, emotionally and professionally by the pandemic. Looking at the beginning of the pandemic, effective strategies for future crises should be developed so that nurses do not succumb to the stresses that Emergency Department nurses were confronted during this crisis.

The integration of digital technology in education has become a global priority in advancing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 4) on quality education. However, effective utilization of these technologies is often shaped by demographic factors such as age, gender, class level of students, parents and teachers. This study examined these influences using a phenomenological research design guided by the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM). A total of 417 participants, including students, teachers, and parents, were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and unstructured interviews. Findings indicate that gender participation across Forms I–IV was nearly balanced, enabling a gender-sensitive analysis of digital technology adoption. Younger students (Forms I–II) showed minimal preference for digital tools, while older students (Forms III–IV) demonstrated stronger interest due to curriculum demands and examination preparation. Age also influenced adaptability: younger teachers and parents were more supportive of digital integration, whereas older counterparts expressed hesitancy. The study highlights the societal impact of digital learning by bridging educational gaps, equipping learners with digital skills, and fostering a digitally competitive generation. It recommends strengthening digital technological infrastructure, providing continuous professional development for teachers, engaging parents, and systematically integrating digital technology into the geography curriculum. These measures are essential for promoting inclusive, effective, and future-oriented learning in Tanzanian secondary schools.

Introduction: The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, combined with the widespread adoption of cloud computing, has led to an interconnected digital environment. However, the lack of interoperability and standardization between IoT and cloud systems presents significant challenges. This study explores the importance of addressing interoperability issues and establishing standardized practices to facilitate smoother integration between these technologies. Problem Statement: The diverse range of IoT devices and cloud platforms has created a fragmented ecosystem where interoperability challenges impede the seamless exchange of data and functionality. The absence of universally accepted protocols further complicates compatibility, leading to performance inefficiencies, increased development complexity, and potential security risks. Resolving these issues is essential for unlocking the full capabilities of IoT and cloud integration. Objective: The goal of this research is to examine the current state of interoperability and standardization in IoT and cloud integration. The study aims to identify existing challenges, evaluate current standards and protocols, and propose solutions to enhance interoperability and standardization, fostering a more cohesive and efficient integration between these technologies. Methodology: This study uses a multi-method approach, including a thorough literature review, case studies of existing IoT and cloud integration efforts, and unstructured interviews with industry experts. The analysis focuses on identifying recurring interoperability challenges, evaluating the effectiveness of existing standards, and reviewing successful integration strategies. This comprehensive approach provides a detailed understanding of the complexities surrounding IoT and cloud interoperability. Results: The research identifies key challenges affecting the interoperability of IoT and cloud systems. Through detailed analysis of current standards and successful integration cases, the study offers insights into effective strategies for overcoming these barriers. The results provide actionable recommendations for enhancing interoperability and achieving smoother integration across various IoT and cloud environments. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the urgent need for improved interoperability and standardization in IoT and cloud integration. The research findings, along with proposed solutions, offer valuable direction for industry professionals, policymakers, and researchers working towards creating a more interconnected and efficient digital ecosystem. As IoT and cloud technologies continue to advance, establishing strong, standardized frameworks is crucial to realizing the full potential of these transformative technologies.

Introduction: The widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed multiple industries, enhancing operational efficiency and convenience. However, the rapid expansion of IoT ecosystems also brings forth significant security challenges. Traditional security frameworks often fail to adequately protect these systems due to their large scale, diversity, and limited resources. In response, cloud-based security solutions have emerged as a promising alternative, offering centralized management, advanced authentication techniques, and real-time threat monitoring. Problem Statement: IoT environments are vulnerable to various security risks, including unauthorized access, data breaches, and device manipulation. Existing security mechanisms often fall short when it comes to defending against sophisticated cyber-attacks targeting IoT devices and networks. The resource-constrained nature of many IoT devices further limits the implementation of robust local security measures. As a result, there is an urgent need for effective, cloud-based security solutions designed specifically for the unique demands of IoT systems. Objective: This research aims to explore the effectiveness of cloud-based security solutions in mitigating the security challenges faced by IoT environments and devices. The study focuses on evaluating the performance of cloud-based authentication mechanisms, intrusion detection systems, and encryption techniques in strengthening the security and privacy of IoT ecosystems. Methodology: A comprehensive approach is employed, combining a literature review, case studies, and empirical research to assess the current landscape of IoT security in smart environments. Data collection includes unstructured interviews with industry experts and stakeholders, offering insights into current practices and emerging security trends. The research framework incorporates threat modeling, risk assessments, and the development of proactive security strategies. Results: Initial findings indicate that cloud-based security solutions offer several benefits for protecting IoT environments and devices. Centralized management enhances integration and scalability, while advanced authentication methods, such as multi-factor and biometric authentication, improve access control. Real-time threat detection and response capabilities further bolster security by enabling timely interventions to prevent breaches and attacks. Conclusion: Cloud-based security solutions present a highly effective approach to addressing the unique security concerns of IoT environments and devices. By leveraging the scalability, flexibility, and computational power of cloud platforms, organizations can enhance the resilience of their IoT deployments against evolving cyber threats. However, further research is needed to optimize cloud-based security tools to better serve diverse IoT applications and use cases.

Navigating the unknown: Nature-based solutions for coastal climate adaptation under deep uncertainty.

This study aims to investigate how demographic variables - specifically age, gender and income - influenced community perceptions of decentralized governance leadership during the COVID-19 crisis in Elavally Panchayat, Kerala. It explores residents' varied experiences with local service delivery and support mechanisms, revealing disparities in satisfaction and access. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive, adaptive and crisis-responsive local leadership during public health emergencies. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, this study combined unstructured interviews with elected local self-government leaders and primary health centre staff with a structured household survey. The survey included first 100 household respondents drawn from confirmed COVID-19 cases across all 16 wards. Six dimensions of governance performance were assessed using a three-point Likert scale (Satisfied, Neutral and Dissatisfied). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests (p < 0.05) were applied to examine demographic variations in satisfaction levels. Qualitative insights from interviews further contextualized and deepened the findings. The results indicate significant demographic disparities in perceived leadership effectiveness. Younger adults appreciated digital welfare schemes but felt excluded from local decision-making. Middle-aged residents experienced severe healthcare and livelihood disruptions, while elderly individuals struggled with digital health systems. Women expressed higher satisfaction due to targeted welfare schemes, whereas men cited unmet mental health and economic needs. Lower-income groups reported barriers to accessing essential services. Nonetheless, decentralized governance grounded in trust, equity and participatory approaches enabled an effective, context-specific crisis response. Unlike studies that treat communities as homogeneous, this research disaggregates perceptions, offering policy insights to strengthen equity and resilience in local health governance.

P0352 Living with a rectovaginal fistula; stories told through patient interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the social impact of the social cooperative enterprise (SCE) “Modousa” in a marginal agricultural area of Lesvos Island, Greece. Focusing on post-productive agriculture and collaborative rural development, the study investigates how Modousa leverages local resources – particularly olive oil – to strengthen local capital, foster community-led sustainable development and address structural challenges. By analyzing Modousa as a model of social entrepreneurship, this paper aims to highlight its potential to empower rural communities, promote niche markets and contribute to broader discussions on sustainable rural development and social innovation. Design/methodology/approach The study uses participatory observation and secondary data analysis, complemented by unstructured interviews with Modousa’s founding members and local civil society representatives. The researcher participated as an observer in Modousa’s activities, balancing insider access with ethical considerations. Events were observed in physical and digital spaces to document local perceptions and practices. Data were analyzed thematically to explore how Modousa functions as a social solidarity economy (SSE) initiative in Lesvos, based on principles of collective ownership, democratic management and community benefit, following relevant European and Greek SSE frameworks. Findings The findings show that Modousa strengthens local capital by mobilizing natural, cultural, social and economic resources, fostering community-led development in a marginalized rural area. Its model of collective ownership and democratic governance helps mitigate structural challenges and global market pressures. Modousa promotes olive oil as a socio-cultural product, enhancing local identity, creating niche markets and building solidarity networks. The enterprise demonstrates how social entrepreneurship can drive sustainable development by leveraging territorial assets and engaging local actors. Overall, Modousa’s approach contributes to rural revitalization, encouraging a transformative culture of collaboration and resilience in peripheral agricultural regions. Originality/value This study offers original insights into how SCEs like Modousa can function as agents of rural transformation in marginalized agricultural regions. By combining participatory observation with in-depth interviews, it examines the interplay between social entrepreneurship, local capital mobilization and community-led development. The research highlights the innovative use of olive oil as both an economic product and a cultural asset, contributing to place identity and local resilience. The findings provide a practical framework for policymakers, practitioners and scholars interested in applying similar SSE models to promote sustainable development in other rural contexts.

Coping strategies of nurses facing pediatric death in oncology units: A qualitative study.

This study explores the integration of local knowledge into the teaching of chemical reactions in school education. The research aims to explore local knowledge related to chemical reactions and incorporate it into science classroom practices. It was based on the qualitative method with an interpretative phenomenological design. The unstructured interviews with three science teachers of Kathmandu Valley, who have more than 15 years of teaching experience in science teaching, were involved in the interview as participants. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and themes were constructed through the categorization of codes. Thematic analysis is employed to identify key insights and patterns. The findings reveal that integrating local practices enhances science education through culturally relevant teaching methods and fostering deeper student engagement.

This study aims to understand patient experiences regarding nurses’ caring behavior at Lende Moripa Hospital, Waikabubak, within the context of Sumbanese culture. Using an ethnographic approach, the research was conducted from December 2024 to May 2025 through unstructured interviews and observations involving nine participants (seven patients and two nurses). The results indicate that although medical services were generally adequate, challenges remained in the areas of communication and nurses' attitudes. Patients reported that unfriendly interactions, a harsh tone of voice, and a lack of empathy negatively affected their comfort and healing process. On the other hand, nurses acknowledged that dialectal differences and high workloads contributed to difficulties in patient interactions. The analysis found that communication misaligned with patients’ emotional conditions was a key source of dissatisfaction. In conclusion, therapeutic communication and caring behaviors have not been fully internalized in nursing practice. It is recommended that culturally sensitive communication skills training and an empathetic approach in nurse–patient interactions be implemented.

This article explores the underrepresentation of female students in Palestinian student councils, examining empirical data and investigating the contrast between female presence in education and administrative bodies of the Palestinian student movement. Methodologically, this study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining analysis of archival materials from Palestinian universities and student movement records, unstructured interviews with current and former student activists, and critical engagement with secondary sources. This triangulated framework contextualizes gendered disparities by bridging historical documentation, institutional dynamics, and lived experiences. The concept of "progressive deprivation" is introduced, suggesting that female students experience a widening gap between rising value expectations and static or decreasing value capabilities. The study poses crucial questions about the awareness and initiatives of female students within the Palestinian student movement to address their underrepresentation. Drawing on Ted Robert Gurr’s theory of relative deprivation, the article delves into the position of female students, particularly within the Islamic Bloc, examining historical roots, organizational structures, council representation, and efforts to enhance empowerment.

Nurses play a pivotal role in workplace safety, yet their transition into Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) roles remains underexplored. This study investigates the experiences of nurses functioning as OSH practitioners and consultants, focusing on career trajectories, professional development, challenges, fears, realizations, and advocacy for nursing engagement in OSH. Anchored on Role Theory, which examines how individuals perform and negotiate professional responsibilities within organizational expectations, and Symbolic Interactionism, which highlights how meaning is constructed through interaction and dialogue, the study explored how nurses interpret “safety” and their professional identity in OSH roles [1,2]. A comparative qualitative research design with a duoethnographic approach and phenomenological lens was employed, with two participants—a registered nurse serving as an OSH practitioner in the cement industry and an OSH consultant in the manufacturing sector—purposively selected based on professional licensure, accreditation, and at least five years of OSH experience. Data were collected through unstructured interviews, field notes, and observations to capture participants’ narratives in depth, and analysis involved Braun and Clarke’s thematic coding integrated with duoethnographic principles emphasizing reflexivity, dialogue, and co-construction of meaning, with trustworthiness ensured through member checking, reflexive journaling, and peer debriefing. Six themes emerged: career trajectories, role expansion and professional autonomy, challenges encountered, fears and concerns, human-centered engagement and organizational alignment, and advocacy for nursing engagement in OSH. Practitioners pursued self-directed experiential learning, while consultants followed structured, multi-industry pathways requiring accreditation and specialization; practitioners faced technical skill gaps and gender-related challenges, whereas consultants navigated administrative, technical, and visibility-related demands. Both roles emphasized professional fulfillment, human-centered engagement, and behavioral safety, demonstrating how nursing expertise enhances OSH effectiveness. The transition from being a nurse to becoming an OSH practitioner or consultant reflects a shift from operational specialization to strategic, cross-industry consultancy with increased autonomy, recognition, and impact. Guided by Role Theory and Symbolic Interactionism, the findings illuminate how structural role expectations and interactive meaning-making shape nurses’ motivation, professional identity, and fulfillment in OSH roles, underscoring the value of integrating clinical and behavioral expertise into workplace safety and advocating for the continued professional development of nurses in OSH practice and consultancy.

This study aims to understand how the Syriac community living in the village of Anıtlı in Mardin's Midyat district experience the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, organized in the Meryem Ana Church, in the context of the relationship between music and faith. This research was conducted based on cultural analysis. Data were collected through observation and unstructured interviews and analyzed using a descriptive approach. Melodic nucleus was employed to analyze the makâm used in the rituals. As a result of the research, it is seen that music in the Syriac community emerges as an indispensable element for rituals performed with a cyclical system, and the phenomena and meanings constituting the belief are embedded in the melody and rhythm structures and thus in music to serve the purpose of the ritual. The messages conveyed in the rituals are blended with the effect created by the eight main makâm on the basis of theological grounds. In this context, it is understood that the hymns performed during the ritual, inspired by religious texts, have functions such as ensuring the permanence of the sacred texts on congregants participating in the ritual, intensify the religious experience and deepening it.

ABSTRACT This study examines the notion of Tafergant within the gender discourse among Ayt Atta youth, both in Morocco and in the diaspora. It reassesses the historical and cultural significance of Tafergant through the perspectives of young people who have not directly experienced its original context. By utilising e-surveys and unstructured interviews, the research applies comparative analysis and deconstruction to interpret the data. The findings emphasise the proactive role of Ayt Atta youth in reinterpreting and transmitting their cultural heritage, protecting it from external forces such as globalisation and modern scientific frameworks. The study concludes that Tafergant is a socially constructed concept that emerged during a period of historical turmoil and cultural uncertainty within the Ayt Atta confederation before 1933, following the confederation’s loss of sovereignty after the Bougafer battle. It functioned as a mechanism for maintaining social cohesion and regulating governance among individuals, families, and tribes, leaving a lasting cultural legacy.