Unscheduled Event Research Articles

The meeting after the meeting: A conceptualization and process model

This article offers initial theorizing on an understudied phenomenon in the workplace: the meeting after the meeting (MATM). As an informal and unscheduled event, the MATM takes place outside managerial control and has potentially far-reaching consequences. However, our current knowledge of the MATM relies primarily on practitioner observations, and conceptual work that integrates the MATM into the larger meeting science literature is missing. This article fills this gap by outlining key defining features of the MATM that can be used to structure future research. Moreover, and based on theorizing concerning the affect-generating nature of meetings, we develop an affect-based process model that focuses on the antecedents and boundary conditions of the MATM at the episodic level and shines light on meetings as a sequential phenomenon.

The effect of comorbid depression on the use of unscheduled hospital care by people with a long term condition: A retrospective observational study

BackgroundThe prevalence of long-term conditions (LTCs) and multiple-morbidity is increasing. Depression prevalence increases with the number of LTCs. Self-management of LTCs improves outcomes, but depression impacts on self-management. Unscheduled hospital care may be a proxy for failure of planned care to support successful self-management. MethodsRetrospective observational study based on routine NHS datasets covering 19 LTCs. Prevalence of LTCs and depression was identified in all primary care registered adults in one English city (n = 469,368). Chi squared was used for hypothesis testing, and logistic regression to determine the influence of depression and LTC(s) on the use of unscheduled hospital care. ResultsAt least one LTC was identified in 220,010 (46.9%) adults; 75,107 (16.0%) had depression; and 38,232 (8.1%) had LTC plus comorbid depression. A significantly greater proportion of individuals with LTC and comorbid depression had ≥ 1 unscheduled event over 12 months (31.5%) compared to individuals with LTC(s) only (24.0%), X2(1) = 883.860, p < .001.The logistic regression model explained 4.4% of the variation in unscheduled care use. Individuals with depression plus ≥ 1 LTC were 1.59 times more likely to use unscheduled hospital care than individuals with LTC only (p < .001), after controlling for deprivation, age and number of LTCs. LimitationsCross-sectional data precluded identification of the direction of influence between LTCs and depression. Only 19 major LTCs were studied, so overall LTC prevalence will be under-represented, and other significant predictors may be omitted. ConclusionIn people with a LTC, comorbidity with depression increases use of unscheduled hospital care.

Establishment and evaluation of unscheduled second operation event early warning model for cerebral tumor

Establishment and evaluation of unscheduled second operation event early warning model for cerebral tumor

The Effect of Mood on Performance in a Nonnormal Situation

Abstract. The effect of mood on performance in everyday situations is widely studied and the results commonly reveal a mood-congruence relationship. However, little is known about the effect of mood on performance in nonnormal situations such as those experienced during an unscheduled event. This study investigated whether induced mood (positive or negative) influenced performance during an unscheduled aircraft evacuation. Forty-five participants (15 female), with an average age of 21.90 (SD = 3.96) years, were randomly exposed to either positive or negative mood facilitation. Following this, all participants watched the same preflight safety video, and then had to conduct an unscheduled evacuation following a simulated water ditching. Participants exposed to a positive mood manipulator were found to commit fewer errors during the evacuation exercise and completed the evacuation in less than half of the time taken by participants who were exposed to a negative mood manipulator. In safety-critical environments such as aviation, these results highlight the advantages of creating an atmosphere or environment that induces positive moods.

Jumps in equilibrium prices and asymmetric news in foreign exchange markets

In this paper we examine the intraday effects of surprises from scheduled macroeconomic announcements and unscheduled event news on six major exchange rate excess returns (jumps) using a Tobit model with conditionally heteroskedastic errors that we extend so as to account for asymmetries. Besides this novel model, our approach embodies several important features: we perform Lee and Mykland's (2012) non-parametric test procedure to filter out microstructure noise from observed exchange rates and extract jumps as the significant “equilibrium” returns; various categories of information news from different geographical regions are exploited; the hypothesis of a leverage effect on foreign exchange jumps due to asymmetric volatility shocks is examined. We found that the most influential scheduled macroeconomic news are globally related to the US job markets, output growth indicators and public debt, whereas significant event news include announcements of bank failures and government rescue plans. Surprises impact Forex jumps for about one third as a result of rather pessimistic forecasts due to the crisis period analyzed. For most of the currencies the hypothesis that negative volatility shocks have a greater impact on volatility than positive shocks of the same magnitude is validated, reflecting markets' concern about the costs implied by central bank's stabilization policies. Our findings provide evidence that the major foreign exchange markets are not efficient.

Implementation of Spatiotemporal Model for Infrastructure Reconstruction Strategy under Large-Scale Disaster

The reconstruction strategy chosen to repair damaged transportation network infrastructure after an unscheduled event is important in returning the disrupted economy to the status preceding the event. Furthermore, the strategy determines how fast the national economy will recover. Previous research has shown how damage to the transportation network has significant direct and indirect impacts on the national economy. The optimal sequence or priority for reconstruction of damaged links must be developed to restore the economy quickly. Common issues from the previous research on finding the optimal reconstruction strategy are (a) lack of consideration of the national economic impact, (b) lack of integration of the traffic flow and commodity flow models, and (c) lack of consideration of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the economy. To overcome these issues, this paper suggests a spatiotemporal model for finding the optimal reconstruction strategy after an unscheduled event based on an earlier model. The paper discusses the framework for finding the optimal reconstruction strategy by using the spatiotemporal analysis model for a posteriori unscheduled event (STAM-2).

Collision avoidance for a two-arm robot by reflex actions: Simulations and experimentations

This paper addresses the problem of collision avoidance between the two arms of a two-arm robot. In our case, the problem is solved through the reflex action theory. In fact, one arm is protected by virtual protection zones. When an unscheduled event occurs, in other words when the second arm is going to collide with the first one, the shape of the protection zones is modified. Then, a motion is computed for the first arm to rebuild the initial shape of the protection zones. The use of different shapes for the protection zones is explained and justified. Several strategies to compute the motion are proposed and discussed. Finally, this method is tested in simulation and on real experiments for different kinds of two-arm robots: planar manipulators, PUMA 560 robots and parallelogram robots.

Workplace Simulations: An Alternative to On-Site Industrial Hygiene Sampling

Abstract Numerous hazardous agents are present in the workplaces of the construction industries. Conducting an on-site industrial hygiene survey in some phases of these industries can be difficult, if not impossible. An example is the evaluation of hazards arising in the cutting of epoxy-coated steel reinforcing rod (coated rod) in the structural steel erection industry (SIC 1791). When necessary, coated rod is cut using either a gasoline-powered cut-off saw or an oxy-acetylene cutting torch. Using either method generates smoke and dust that may be hazardous in their own right or that may contain hazardous materials such as combustion products of the epoxy resin coating. Typically, cutting coated rod is an unscheduled event that may have to be done quickly, as this phase of construction usually involves pouring large volumes of fresh (wet) concrete. It is not practical to anticipate such an event and to have industrial hygiene personnel and equipment standing by on-site to perform necessary industrial hyg...

The decline of communism in Czechoslovakia

Abstract : The occupation of Communist Czechoslovakia by forces of the Warsaw Pact came as a shock, not only to public opinion in the Western countries, but to the Communist experts of these countries as well. In respect of its unexpectedness, to be sure, the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 is not very different from the Romanian national deviation of 1963, or the flash Hungarian uprising of 1956, or the Comintern expulsion of the Yugoslavs in 1948. In each case it was many months, not to say years, before the origins and the implications of the new upheaval became clear. The present essay is an attempt to contribute, in a small way, to the ex post facto process of clarification of this most recent unscheduled event.