Unsatisfactory Knowledge Research Articles

Stroke perception and risk factors knowledge within Saudi population

Stroke is a highly preventable illness through the control of risk factors. Persons who properly perceive their risk for stroke can promote risk intervention and reduce stroke occurrence. Assess stroke perception and risk factors knowledge in general population. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted in Majmaah Governorate, KSA. The study included 432 participants. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program (V.22). P values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Knowledge score of stroke risk factors were inadequate or average (26.9%, 34.0% respectively). Rural residents showed high knowledge; significantly higher knowledge detected in age group ≥ 45 years, university or higher education and employees. Participants had good and average perception of stroke 34% and 56% respectively. Good perception was significantly higher in female and private sector workers. Participants ≤ 25 years old had the highest good perception 40.7%. Bad perception was high in male, age group (34-44), university educated and single people. Most participants had unsatisfactory stroke risk factor knowledge and good perception of stroke. Stroke knowledge is higher among the old age groups, the married, the highly educated, and employed persons. The stroke perception is higher among the younger age groups, the female gender and housewives. Since female and young age groups have poor knowledge and good perception, and in addition, young adults are facing higher risks of stroke nowadays, implementation of an educational program to enhance awareness about stroke risk factor and promote adoption of healthy lifestyle is a requirement.

Practices of Skilled Birth Attendants about AMTSL in Prevention of Post-Partum Haemorrhage: Cross-sectional Study

Aim: To assess the practices of SBAs about AMTSL working in labour room at tertiary level of care in-order to minimize the accidence of PPH. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methodology: This study with enrolled SBAs (n=120) was done following ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Government tertiary care hospitals of the Lahore-Pakistan. For data collection a WHO standardized check list as a questionnaire was used to assess the practices of SBAs. Results: Results showed that there were gaps in competencies of SBAs about AMTSL working in labour room. Most of the steps that are S1, S3, S4, S8, S12, S13, S14 and S15 were not done by the majority of the SBA working in labour room. Almost 12 (10%) out of 120 SBAs just got 60% and above marks, 100 (83.3%) out of 120 got marks between40 to 59% and only 8 (6.7%) got less than 40% marks. Conclusion: We concluded that SBAs had unsatisfactory knowledge about standardized check list of AMTSL by WHO and their practices were not according to standard. Keywords: Skilled Birth Attendants, Labour Stages, Post-partum Haemorrhage and Practices.

Antithrombotic drugs and patients’ outcomes at Cairo University Hospitals

Background Antithrombotic agents are widely used for thrombotic disorder management among critically ill patients. Subcutaneous administration of heparin is a repeated clinical practice done by nurses, which may cause adverse outcomes. Aim To investigate critical care nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding subcutaneous antithrombotic drugs and associated patients’ outcomes at Cairo University Hospitals. Research questions What do critical care nurses know regarding subcutaneous antithrombotic administration? What are critical care nurses’ practices regarding subcutaneous antithrombotic administration? What are the outcomes associated with subcutaneous antithrombotic drug administration among critically ill patients? Research design A descriptive exploratory research design. Setting Selected ICU affiliated to Cairo University Hospitals. Sample A convenience sample of 30 nurses and purposive sample of 60 adult male and female critically ill patients. Tools of data collection Four tools were utilized. Tool 1: critically ill patients’ personal characteristics and medical data sheet, tool 2: nurses’ knowledge-assessment questionnaire regarding subcutaneous antithrombotic drugs, tool 3: nurses’ practice observational checklist regarding subcutaneous antithrombotic drug administration, and tool 4: subcutaneous antithrombotic drug administration observational sheet of critically ill patients’ outcomes. Results About 60% of the studied nurses were females, 53.3% of the sample’s age ranged from 20 to less than 30 years. As well, 51.7% of critically ill patients were females, 38.3% of the sample’s age ranged from 60 to less than 70 years. The studied nurses were having unsatisfactory general knowledge level about subcutaneous anticoagulants, subcutaneous anticoagulants’ adverse effects, and nurses’ responsibilities concerning subcutaneous anticoagulants in percentages of 96.7, 96.7, and 90%, respectively. Also, unsatisfactory practice level as regards preinjection, during, and postinjection of subcutaneous anticoagulants in percentage of 100%. The most frequent adverse outcomes were localized pain, bruising, itching, and hematoma in percentages of 93, 85, 70, and 58%, respectively, where less frequent adverse outcomes were systemic thrombocytopenia, hematuria, and epistaxis in percentages of 6, 4, and 3.3%, respectively. Conclusion All critical care nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice regarding antithrombotic therapy, inspite of their vital role in assessment, drug administration, care of critically ill patients, and monitoring drug-adverse effects. Also, the most frequent adverse outcomes among critically ill patients were pain, bruising, itching, and hematoma. Recommendations Updating ICU nurses’ knowledge and practice about antithrombotic drugs and maintaining close observation and record for both local and general patient’s response to antithrombotics by staff nurses during and after drug administration are highly recommended to safeguard critically ill patients against such complications.

Arterial Blood Gases Interpretation

Background Understanding the arterial blood gases’ (ABG) analysis report, its interpretation, and applying this in practice represents an essential skill for critical care nurses. Aim To assess critical care nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding ABG interpretation at a university hospital, Kafr-Elsheikh Governorate. Research questions Q1: What is the level of critical care nurses’ knowledge regarding ABG’ interpretation at a university hospital, Kafr-Elsheikh Governorate? Q2: What is the level of critical care nurses’ practice regarding ABG interpretation at a university hospital, Kafr-Elsheikh Governorate? Design A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. Sample A sample of convenience, including all male and female critical care nurses who are working in the selected settings and willing to participate in this study. Setting This study was conducted at different ICUs affiliated to a University Hospital − Kafr-Elsheikh Governorate. Tools Three tools were developed, tested for clarity, and feasibility: (a) nurse’s personal and background data sheet, (b) nurses’ knowledge-assessment questionnaire about ABG’ interpretation, and (c) critical care nurses’ practice regarding ABG interpretation observational checklist. Results The majority of the studied sample (94.6 and 100%) had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice level with a mean of 9.45±2.94 and 30.5+8.7, respectively. Moreover, 29.7% of the study participants had satisfactory practice level about double-check of ABG result and had unsatisfactory practice level about analysis of ABG parameters, recording ABG results, reporting ABG results, follow-up of medical care, and double-check of ABG with a percentage of 100, 100, 94.6, 83.8, and 70.3%, respectively. Finally, knowledge level was not found to differ significantly in relation to sex (t=1.142 at P≤0.261). However, sex did not play a role in relation to practice (t=0.528 at P≤0.601). Conclusion Critical care nurses (in the current study) had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice scores regarding ABG interpretation. Recommendations Updating knowledge and practice of ICU nurses through carrying out continuing educational programs about ABG interpretation, strict observation of nurses’ practice when caring for patients with acid and base imbalance and providing feedback to maintain practices, and replication of this study on larger-probability sample selected from different geographical areas.

Effect of Caregivers Training Program on Stroke Patients' Self-Efficacy

Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability in adults and elderly. Chronic complications arising from this disease have impact on the affected patients' reduced self- efficacy. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of caregiver training program on stroke patient's self-efficacy. Quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study conducted in the departments and outpatient clinics of neuropsychiatric diseases and neurosurgery hospital at Assiut University Hospitals. Sample: Caregivers and their patients admitted to neuropsychiatric diseases and neurosurgery hospital, during 6 months (equal number of 125 for both). Tools: Include four tools. Tool 1 structured interview questionnaires. Tool II: Caregivers’ knowledge about stroke. Tool III: Caregivers' practices regarding stroke patients' care. Tool IV: Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ). Results: 95.2% of caregiver's have unsatisfactory knowledge about stroke in pre-program, compared to 84.8% and 76.0% have satisfactory knowledge at post program and follow up; respectively. Also, caregiver practices levels of patient's care were 100% inadequate in pre-program. These levels improved to adequate practice in post program and follow up (72.0% & 75.2%); respectively. A statistically significant difference of stroke patient's self-efficacy through training program p =0.000. Conclusion: A caregivers training had a positive effect on stroke patient's self‐efficacy. Recommendations: Continues caregivers training regarding care of stroke patients.

Assessment of Nurses Performance Regarding Penicillin Administration for Pediatric Patients

Background: Pediatric nursing staff have an important role in administrating of penicillin and understanding the effect of penicillin allergy for pediatric patients. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the nurses' performance regarding penicillin administration for pediatric patients. Research Design: A descriptive design was used to this study. Setting: the study was conducted at General Outpatient clinics of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals and Caridac Clinic. Subjects: A convenience sample was composed of 50 nurses working at the previously mentioned settings regardless their experience, age, gender, and qualification. Tools of data collection: (1) An interview questionnaire sheet to assess nurse knowledge about penicillin administration (2) Observational checklist to assess nurses practice toward penicillin administration. Results: The result found that half of the studied nurses their age were ranging between 20 years to less than 30 years old, with mean age 22.6±1.3, and more than half of studied nurses were females, while the minority of them had unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding penicillin administration and most of them were incompetent for practices regarding penicillin administration. Conclusion: The study concluded that two thirds of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory total level of knowledge regarding penicillin administration, while more than half of them had incompetent total score of practices regarding penicillin administration, and there were a positive relation between nurses’ knowledge and their practices toward penicillin administration with statistical significant difference. Recommendation: The study recommended that, periodic assessment for nurses performance regarding penicillin administration. Developing educational and orientation program for nurses about penicillin administration to improve their performance regarding penicillin administration. Further studies should be conducted in large sample size in different pediatric places to generalize information and improve nurses' knowledge and practice regarding penicillin administration.

Effect of the National Early Warning Score Education Program on Nurses’ Knowledge at an Emergency Hospital

Aims and Objectives: To determine the effect of a designed program about the National Early WarningScore on nurses’ knowledge at an emergency hospital. Background: The Early Warning Score has beendeveloped as a tool for early detection of patients’ deterioration. However, its implementation has not beenoptimal due to the lack of knowledge and understanding of EWS among staff nurses. Design: Pre-test/posttestquasi-experimental research design. Methods: A convenient sample of 34 nursing staff working at theinpatient unit at an emergency hospital was included in the education program. Results: The current findingsrevealed that all nurses (100 %) (34) had an unsatisfactory knowledge level pre-educational program. Whilenurses’ knowledge level post-educational program showed, most of them (97.1 %) (33) had a satisfactoryknowledge level. And there was a highly significant statistical difference between pre-test and post-testof knowledge (p &lt;0.001). Moreover, nearly half of the nurses (50.2 %) answered knowledge questionsincorrectly pre-educational program, while post-educational program, the majority of them (91.6%) answeredknowledge questions correctly. Conclusion: After implementing an educational program regarding NationalEarly Warning Score, The emergency care nurses’ knowledge was markedly improved.

Barriers of Applying the Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychiatric Nursing and Its Relation to Staff Nurses' Knowledge

Background: Nurses who work in psychiatry settings encounter important ethical and legal challenges in practice and caring for patients with mental disorders. This study was aimed to determine barriers of applying the ethical and legal issues in psychiatric nursing and its relation to staff nurses' knowledge. Methods: Descriptive design was used in this study. Purposive sample of 120 psychiatric nurses at Beni-Suef and Benha Mental Health Hospital was recruited for this study. A structured questionnaire developed by researchers was used for data collection. Results: Revealed that the majority (80.0%) of the subjects had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding the legal aspects. There is a highly positive statistically significant relationship between legal knowledge and ethical practices among participating psychiatric nurses (r=0.289, p < 0.000). Conclusion: The results showed that, the barriers most frequently observed by the nurses who work in psychiatric hospitals are lack of time, the frequent number of patients with fewer nurses the community's perception of inferiority towards nursing profession, and lack of authority to make decisions. There is a negative statistically significant relationship between ethical practices and barriers among participating psychiatric nurses. Recommendations: Develop nursing education programs that are specifically focused on ethical problems in the fields of mental health and psychiatry to increase their awareness regarding ethics-legal aspects.

Effectiveness of a patient educational program on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity

Objectives To validate Arabic version of rheumatoid arthritis disease-specific patient's knowledge and attitude questionnaire (PKAQ-RA) and to assess the effect of health education on RA disease activity. Background RA is a disease requiring a change in patient's behavior, and hence preventing disability. Patients and methods A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest interventional study was conducted on 403 patients with RA. An equal number of matched controls were recruited. Patient's knowledge questionnaire on RA and authors' designed attitude questionnaire (PKAQ-RA) were delivered. All patients were assessed regarding disease duration and disease activity score 28. Laboratory investigations including fibrinogen, albumin, rheumatoid factor titer, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in addition to gray-scale ultrasonography were conducted. Results Patients with RA (n = 403) had significantly higher laboratory investigation values than healthy controls (n = 403). Cronbach's alpha of the Arabic version of PKAQ-RA was 0.75 and 0.82, respectively. The total knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher in posthealth than prehealth education implementation period (13.11 ± 1.93, R: 9–19 and 5.79 ± 1.44 vs. 15.18 ± 1.91 and 7.78 ± 1.50, respectively) (P < 0.001). Unsatisfactory knowledge was associated with male patients [odds ratio (OR)=2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–3.43], being of low education (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.29–3.19), and having increased medications (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.29–3.19). Negative attitude was associated with low education (OR = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.97–5.02) and increased number of medications (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10–0.34). Patients showed some improvement but still significantly different from controls. Biomarkers like albumin/fibrinogen ratio were significantly increased, whereas grayscale ultrasonography was significantly decreased after health education in active and inactive groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The Arabic version of the PKAQ-RA was created and proved to be a reliable and valid tool. Patients' knowledge of RA was poor. RA disease activity got improved when upgrading patients' knowledge and modifying their attitude. Integration of patient-directed education programs in the treatment of RA to raise the patients' awareness, increase compliance, and improve the disease condition is required.

Enhance Nurse Managers' Legal and Ethical Aspects at Benha University Hospital

Backgrounds: Nurse managers' are facing the challenges in their daily practice such as short ofstaffing, workload and maintenance of high quality and encounter many legal and ethical issuessurrounding these area. Law defined as a legal document setting rules governing a particular kind ofactivity while ethics are moral principles that govern how the person or a group will behave. Aim ofthe study: Was to enhance nurse managers' in the legal and ethical aspects at Benha UniversityHospital. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Sample: Composed of 79nurse managers include nursing director (1), supervisors (14), and first line manager (64). Setting:The study was conducted in all units (44) at Benha University Hospital. Tools for data collectionTwo tools were used; the first tool: legal and ethical aspects knowledge questionnaire sheet. Thesecond tool: legal and ethical aspects observational checklist. Results: Majority of the studiedsample had unsatisfactory knowledge level about legal and ethical aspects at preprogram, whileimmediate post educational program the majority of them had satisfactory knowledge level. Also, theminority of the studied sample pre educational program demonstrated complete performance aboutlegal and ethical aspects, while post program the majority of them improved their performance.Additionally there was astatistical significant positive correlation between nurse managerg’s totalknowledge scores and performance scores. Conclusion: There were an improvement in level ofknowledge and performance of the nurse mangers about legal and ethical aspect immediately postand follow-up implementation of educational program compared to pre-program.Recommendations: Establish an ethical and legal committee within the organization for all ethicaland legal aspects in nursing practice. Further research: effect of legal and ethical nurses’ knowledgeon patients outcome.

ASSESSMENT OF NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE IN CRITICAL CARE UNITS

Background: The accurate monitoring of fluid balance activities is a vital part of patients‟ baseline information, which guides medical and nursing interventions to achieve physiological stability. Inaccurate monitoring of fluid balance especially in critically ill patients can deteriorate patients‟ conditions. Aim of this study was to assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding fluid and electrolyte imbalance in critical care units. Subjects and method: Design: A descriptive research design was used. Subjects: A convenient sample was used (72 nurses) all nursing staff working in above mentioned setting. Setting: Intensive care units in Damietta General Hospital. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the needed data; nurses 'knowledge Questionnaire and nurses' observation checklist. Results show a defect in the nurses' knowledge and practice as for general knowledge of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge with Mean±SD 26.8±5.6. for general nurses' practice regarding fluid & electrolyte imbalances monitor and management 97.2% of nurses had unsatisfactory level. of practice with Mean±SD 57.3±7.5. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a defect in the nurses' knowledge and practice. Recommendations: Continued nursing education and updating knowledge in the intensive care units should be organized regularly.

EFFECT OF EVIDENCE BASED LIFESTYLE GUIDELINES ON SELF-EFFICACY AMONG HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease affecting millions and causing millions of complications every year worldwide. People living with hypertension need to make several lifestyle adjustments, not only for treating hypertension but also for the prevention of other related chronic diseases. Aim: Evaluate the effect of evidence-based lifestyle guidelines on self-efficacy among hypertension patients in Port Said City. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental design was utilized for conducting this study. Setting: The study was carried out at primary health care centers located in Port Said City. subjects: A purposive sample of 341 patients with hypertension recruited from randomly chosen six primary health care centers. Tools: Data was collected using three tools, Tool I: Self-Administered Structured Questionnaire divided into three parts namely: demographic data, patient' medical history, and knowledge assessment sheet, Tool II: Hypertension self-care activities scale and Tool III: Self-efficacy scale. Results: (4.4%) of the study group had satisfactory knowledge in the pre implementation phase while after implementation changed to (94.4%) of them had satisfactory knowledge. Nearly (4.4 %) of them had an adequate level of self-care activity while after implementation become (85.9%). About (2.6%) only had an adequate level of self-efficacy while after implementation become (97.9%). Conclusion: most of studied hypertensive patients had unsatisfactory knowledge, non-adherence to self-care activities and low self-efficacy toward their disease before implementation of evidence-based lifestyle guidelines, while the majority had satisfactory knowledge, adherence to self-care activities and high self-efficacy after implementation of guidelines with highly statistically significant difference. Recommendation: Apply evidence-based lifestyle guidelinesmore and more to cover all hypertensive patients to help them understanding the nature of their chronic disease and trying to cope without complications.

Nurses' Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Regarding Burn Injury Management

Background: Burn is bodily injury resulting from exposure to heat, electricity, or some radiations, marked by varying degrees of skin destruction and hyper anemia often with the formation of watery blisters Aim of study: to assess Nurses' Knowledge, Practice and, Attitude, Regarding Burn Injury Management. Subjects and methods: Descriptive study. The study was conducted at three hospitals (Beni-Suef general hospital, Minia general hospital and, Minia university hospital)first and second hospital affiliated to ministry of health, the third one affiliated to ministry of higher education. Forty nurses where included in the current study sample. Three tools of data collection were used to carry out this study namely, tool 1): Structured Self-Administered Questionnaire that include two parts; part 1): demographic characteristics, and part 2): nurse's knowledge, Tool П-: Nurses’ observational checklists procedure, and Tool IП: Structured nurse's attitude scales. Results: majority of the studied nurses (82.5%) had unsatisfactory knowledge, and, (100%) had unsatisfactory practices and negative attitude regarding burn injury management. Conclusion and recommendations: Most of nurses had shortage knowledge level, poor practice and, negative attitude due to lack of educational program, lack of training and, no update to nurse's performances so, the current study recommended that importance of Provide continuous education and update for nurses regarding evidence based nursing practices about burn patients and, provide sufficient supplies and equipment from hospital administration for nurses to perform their practice in a high quality, safe and in efficient way

Women’s Knowledge About risk of excessive Gestational Weight Gain Risks at Selected Maternal and Child Health Centers at Minia District

Background: Obesity and overweight are on the rise in all age groups around the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Given the connection between pre-pregnancy and obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2), excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and post-partum weight retention (PPWR), these conditions are being viewed as emerging public health threats, with negative short- and long-term maternal and child outcomes. Aim of the study: To assess women’s knowledge about risk of excessive gestational weight gin risks at selected maternal and child health centers at Minia district. Design: a descriptive research design. Setting: The study was conducted in Maternal and Child Health centers (MCH) at Samalut and Matay Centers affiliated to Minia Governorate. Sample: A convenient sample of 332 pregnant women was selected. Two Tools were used: the first tool isinterviewing questionnaire was developed by the investigator to collect data and consist of two parts;Part (I): includes personal Character Part (II): knowledge of women regarding maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Second tool is Knowledge Assessment tool contains knowledge about weight gain during pregnancy to assess pregnant women knowledge about excessive weight gain during pregnancy and its risks. Results: 30.7% of pregnant women their age ranged from 20-24 years with a mean age 32.5 ± 0.939, while 10.2% of them their age ranged from 35-39 years. Half percent of pregnant women their body weight ranged from 50 to 70 kg, the mean body weight was73.8 ± 11.7 kg and the mean height was164.2± 11.7 cm. More than three quarters of pregnant women have unsatisfactory knowledge score. There is no statistically significant correlation between pregnant women knowledge and pregnancy complication. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about excessive weight gain during pregnancy and its effects was unsatisfactory. Recommendation: suggested that health education services be developed as a primary prevention of excessive weight gain in high-risk pregnant women.

Knowledge and Practices of Postnatal Mothers Regarding Prevention of Puerperal Sepsis

Background. Puerperal sepsis is infection of the genital tract occurring at any time between the onset of rupture of membranes or labor and the 42 day postpartum. It's one of the fifth common causes of maternal mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is To assess Knowledge and practices of postnatal mothers regarding prevention of puerperal sepsis . Research Design: A descriptive cross sectional research design. Subject: Purposive samples composed of (87) postnatal mothers from Minia University Hospital for obstetric and pediatric at postnatal department. Tools of data collection: include - A structured interview questionnaire, knowledge assessment tool and practical assessment tool. Results: the study revealed that (87.4%) of the studied women had unsatisfactory knowledge level regarding puerperal sepsis and (74.7%) of the studied sample had poor practice about prevention of puerperal sepsis. There is positive association between total knowledge score and total practices level (p. value < .ooo1) Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of postnatal mothers had poor level of knowledge regarding puerperal sepsis , and around three quarters of them had poor practice about prevention of puerperal sepsis. A positive fair association was found between knowledge and practice scores regarding prevention of puerperal sepsis. Recommendation: - The obstetric nurse could play and implement their role as health educator, counselor, coordinator, and supervisor and help post natal mothers to improve their knowledge and practices regarding puerperal sepsis and its prevention.

Nurses Knowledge about Comminuted Fracture in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals

Background: Infection control for patients with comminuted fracture is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections. The infection control can help reduce to post-operative morbidity, prolonged recovery, delayed discharge and increasing cost. Nurses’ knowledge of the evidence-based recommendations is necessary to provide high-quality nursing care.Aims of the study: The study aims at assess nurses' knowledge towards comminuted fracture in Bagdad Teaching Hospitals; and determine the relationship between nurses' knowledge and their demographic data.Methodology: A descriptive study used assessment approach with questionnaire items is conducted to explore nurses' knowledge. By a purposive sample of (100) nurses is selected throughout the use of non-probability sampling approach. Data was collection through the use of a questionnaire and analyzed through application the descriptive and inferential statistic.Results: Findings illustrated that (59.0%) aged 20-29 years, (54.0%) male nurses, (69.0%) married, (45.0%) institute graduated, (52.0% have 1-3 years of experience without attend training sessions. According to the analysis mean of score, the findings indicate that the majority (66%) of nurses were unsatisfactory knowledge regarding comminuted fracture at low level of mean +S. d. = 1.38+ 0.565. There were nurses' education; years of employment and participation in training sessions have been significantly associated with their knowledge at probability ≤0.05.Conclusion: It was concluded that the knowledge about comminuted fracture was low among nurses and they were poor knowledge due to low level of education and lack of adequate training sessions.Recommendations: More years of experience and training the staff on orthopedic wards by local officials help raising professionals’ nurses' knowledge. Provide the health resources and exploiting young energies of nurses which indeed helps to develop their knowledge and practice.

SOME FACTORS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF USING ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS FOR CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN IN TWO COMMUNITIES, KIEN XUONG DISTRICT, THAI BINH PROVINCE, 2020

Objective: To identify some related factors of caregiver use of antibiotics in under 5 years old in twocommunes, Kien Xuong district, Thai Binh province by 2020.Study object: caregivers in two communes of Kien Xuong district, Thai BinhResearch method: Epidemiological method described through cross-sectional investigation withanalysis.Research results: There is a relationship between educational attainment, number of children,economic conditions and age with knowledge of antibiotic use: the proportion of subjects withhigh school knowledge has achieved Antibiotic use is 1.8 times more likely than the group witheducation from high school or less, 95% CI (1.1-2.9). Regarding practice, there is a relationshipbetween knowledge, age of research subjects, parents of children and practice of using antibiotics.the rate of subjects with knowledge achieved with practice is 3.9 times higher than the group withsuccessful practice with unsatisfactory knowledge; The percentage of study subjects who are parentsof children having practice of antibiotic drugs is likely to be 2.5 times higher than that of the child’sgrandparents.

Nurses' Knowledge and Practice Regarding Nursing Care of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Background:Cirrhosis of the liver is the end stage of chronic liver disease. Nurses role very important to patient with liver cirrhosis. Aim:Assess nurses, knowledge and practice regarding nursing care of patients with liver cirrhosis. Subjects and Method:A descriptive research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted medical unit at Ismailia university hospital, Ismailia general hospital and Port-Said general hospitals (Port-Said, Port-Fouad and AL-Zehor central). Subjects: A 150 convenient nurses participated in the study Tools: Data were collected using two tools, Nurses' Knowledge questionnaire and Observational Check list for practice. Result: The result of study indicated that 78.65% and 63.09% of studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice Conclusion: Most of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice regarding care of patients with liver cirrhosis. Recommendations: There are obvious needs for conducted an educational and training programs to improve nurse's knowledge and practice regarding nursing care of patients liver cirrhosis.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of HIV/Aids Among Antenatal Women and its Correlation with their Socio-Demographic Profile: Study from a Tertiary Care Centre of Northern India.

To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perception of HIV/AIDS among antenatal women and to correlate them with their socio-demographic profile. We conducted this study on 400 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of our hospital for the first time irrespective of their period of gestation, age and parity. All the participants were interviewed with the help of a predesigned questionnaire which included their socio-demographic details and questions to assess their knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and expressed in the form of percentage, frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and p value. Antenatal women of the study population were having unsatisfactory knowledge about HIV/AIDS and prevention of MTCT. 26% women were totally unaware of any entity like HIV. 44% participants did not know the most common way of spread of HIV. Only half of the subjects knew the correct preventive measures for HIV/AIDS. 54% knew about MTCT, but only 24% knew about its transmission through breast milk. Knowledge and attitude was found to be significantly improving with socioeconomic status. Indian antenatal women have poor awareness and wrong perception about HIV/AIDS and its mother to child transmission (MTCT). Targeted educational interventions can be formulated to increase awareness among antenatal women about prevention of vertical transmission of HIV.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of animal producers towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Oromia zone, north eastern Ethiopia.

Antimicrobial resistance is the failure of antimicrobial’s effect against the growth and multiplication of microorganisms. Imprudent and over antimicrobial use (AMU) aggravates antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobials are massively used in animal production as compared with AMU in human health sectors. This research was done with the objective of assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) status of animal producers towards AMU and AMR. A Cross-sectional study design and questionnaire were conducted and both qualitative and quantitative data analyses were used. The logistic regression was used to test the effect of each predictor variable on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants. Out of 571 animal producers, the majority (80.2%) of them were not knowledgeable and 85.3% of the animal producers had a negative attitude towards the AMU and AMR. Likewise, the practice of 78.5% of the animal producers were practice improperly towards AMU and AMR. All the questions that were designed to assess the KAP of the animal producers were significantly associated (P<0.05) with each respective category of KAP. The educational status of animal producers was negatively correlated (OR = 0.38) with all their knowledge, attitude, and practice of AMU and AMR, but sex has a positive correlation (OR = 2.89) with both the knowledge and practice of animal producers. In conclusion, the animal producers in the Oromia zone had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding AMU and AMR. The animal producer’s attitude and their practices were negative and improper respectively. As a result, consecutive awareness creation on both AMU and AMR is recommended and integrated AMU governance in animal production is recommended to be applied.