University Of Babylon Research Articles

The impact of utilizing the flipped classroom technique to teach students football skills including stopping and rolling the ball

The best types of learning are those that generate interaction in the educational environment and stimulate interest in knowledge. This makes the educational process more enjoyable and dynamic, filled with projects and readings in a learner-centred approach rather than a teacher-centred one. One of the most prominent indicators of this in educational systems is the emergence of the term e-learning, which relies on providing educational materials to students via mobile phones, computers, or social media. There are many e-learning methods that depend on the use of modern technologies, such as the flipped classroom approach. This approach aims to use e-learning effectively in learning, applying it with a new vision at home and in school lessons. Particularly when it is well designed by engaging the learner in the learning process and involving them in a positive, productive manner, encouraging them to understand the content and providing them with practical experience in self-learning outside the lesson's scope. From this, the researcher observed a lack of utilisation of educational curricula among students, in addition to the need to introduce curricula and strategies to achieve better results. He must see the researcher go through this experience by introducing the inverted class strategy in learning the extinguishing and rolling skills of football on a sample of students (the first stage) at the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Babylon and using the process of the trial with the unintentional and the experimental with the two tribal and post.

The effect of skill exercises based on the cooperative learning method on acquiring some basic futsal skills for female students

The research aims to prepare skill exercises using the cooperative learning method. In learning some basic skills with the feet football for female students and learning about the effect of the cooperative learning method in learning some basic skills in Futsal football. The researchers used the experimental method with the design of the experimental and control groups, including pre-test and post-test. This was suitable for the nature of the research, which targeted first-year female students (25 students). A sample of (20) students was selected and distributed equally into an experimental group and a control group, with (10) students in each group. The researchers identified the basic skills in futsal, which are (passing, receiving, and shooting), based on the curriculum for the first year in college. They then conducted pre-tests on the sample individuals in both the experimental and control groups before starting the implementation of the educational program to determine the level of basic skills tests in futsal. The researchers prepared exercises according to the cooperative learning method, relying on sources and references, with the help of experts in the field, to include (16) educational units, applying two educational units weekly with a duration of (90) minutes for each unit. Then, they conducted equivalence between the research groups (control and experimental), and after completing the educational program, they conducted post-tests for both the experimental and control groups. The results were extracted, and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results. Subsequently, the results were presented, analyzed, and discussed. The researchers concluded that the first-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Babylon showed that the cooperative learning method significantly addressed individual differences.

The influence of Ag2O/NbO2 nanocomposites on the optical properties of PVA/PVP lend in biomedical applications.

To study the optical properties of nanocomposites as well as antibacterial activity. The experimental study was conducted at the University of Babylon, College of Science and College of Education for Pure Sciences, Babylon, Iraq, from September 2021 to February 2022. Impregnation of transparent matrix polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposites was done by silver oxide and niobium oxide nanoparticles. The nanostructures were created using different ratios of polymer matrix, silver oxide nanoparticles and niobium oxide nanoparticles. The optical features of these nanocomposites were examined, whereby the latter type of properties was tested within the wavelength range of 220-820nm. The determination of the anti-microbial activity was done by disc diffusion method. The anti-bacterial activity involved gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Different bacteria were cultured with Muller-Hinton medium. Absorbance, absorption coefficients and optical conductivity of the nanocomposites increased with the increase in nanocomposite concentrations. The energy gap for silver oxide and niobium oxide nanoparticles decreased when the concentrations of the nanoparticles increased. Promising outcomes may be achieved for the nanocomposites in anti-bacterial applications as the inhibition zones increased along with increased ratio of silver oxide and niobium oxide nanoparticles.

The Reality of Applying Strategic Drift and its Impact on Maintaining Human Capital “An Applied Study on Administrative Leaders at the University of Babylon”

Current Research adopts The study of strategic drift with its factors (Culture, leadership and Strategic planning), As an Independent Variable and its impact on the preservation of human Capital, The Research Seeks To Achieve, a goal Of testing. The Relationship Between, The two Variables and One affecting, The other, from which several main and sub-hypotheses emerged, and were selected (University of Babylon), A community of research and testing of its assumptions, Due To, The Large Size Of, The Original sample, the Sample Of Research consisted of (95) managerial positions in the research organization, in order to verify, the veracity of the hypotheses built as well as to process, The data on which The sample's responses were based, The statistical programmer was used (28 SPSS), and The research employed statistical methods, That were suitable and aligned with its nature, The Study revealed, a correlation and moral impact between the strategic drift at the macro - level of the respondents. Through the act of conserving , The Director of Human capital conducted a comprehensive study, analyzed the research findings, and formulated a series of conclusions, Subsequently, research suggestion ware proposed.

The impact of the generative learning methodology on teaching artistic Gymnastics Law to fourth-year Female Students

Evaluate the effectiveness of the generative learning model in teaching artistic gymnastics law to female fourth-stage students at the University of Babylon's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. To determine the variations in cognitive accomplishment between the control and experimental study groups after teaching the artistic gymnastics law. The research hypotheses are that fourth-stage female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Babylon, have significantly higher cognitive achievement of the artistic gymnastics law after post-testing. The researcher utilized an experimental approach. The fourth-year female students at the University of Babylon's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences deliberated on the research community for the academic year 2022-2023. One of the reasons for this decision is that the topic (artistic gymnastics) is presented at this level. This is one of the subjects in the first semester. At present, there are 40 female students in the research sample, which was randomly divided into 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The researcher's conclusion was as follows: The strategy used, and the generative learning model, increased cognitive success when teaching artistic gymnastics law. In post-tests, the generative learning model beat the previously used strategy regarding cognitive accomplishment. The researcher recommended the following: 1. Implementing this concept to include additional sports activities in other cognitive and practical curricula.2. Instructing faculty members in the department to use this paradigm in general and practical curricula.3. Conducting scientific studies using current techniques or tactics and comparing results of this model to assess its efficacy in the educational process.

Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Caries among Iraqi People

Abstract Background: Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease worldwide. It is still a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the occurrence of dental caries among patients attending dental school and to investigate the type of dental caries by age, sex, and geographic area. Materials and Methods: After obtaining an appropriate ethical approval, the occurrence and type of dental caries according to G.V. Black classification were recorded among all patients aged 16 years and over during routine dental treatment at the dental hospital, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hillah city, Babil governorate. World Health Organization’ criteria were used to diagnose and detect dental caries. Results: The final sample size was 463 individuals distributed as 217 (46.87%) men and 246 (53.13%) women. Overall, 1851 carious lesions were noticed, in which class I (68%) represents the most prevalent type of dental caries in the study sample followed by class II (20%), then class III (6%), and the least prevalent types (3%) were class IV and class V. There was no significant difference regarding the effect of gender on different caries classes (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was recorded regarding the effect of area of residence on different caries classes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, high percentage of class I lesions in comparison to other classes of Black’s classification was noticed among the examined patients. Women experienced more dental caries than men and the area of residency had a significant impact on caries experience.

Immunological Study for Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF for Complications Post-Wisdom Teeth Extraction

Abstract Background: Wisdom teeth extraction is one of the most common operations conducted in dental clinics and the most common duty performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics. Complications from this treatment are common, including dry socket, postoperative discomfort, delayed healing, postoperative infection, hematoma, edema, and trismus. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to quantify the proinflammatory interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor before extraction in saliva by ELIZA technique from patients who visit the clinic to extract wisdom tooth to study its impact on problems following extraction. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 saliva study samples (50 cases and 50 control), 44 males and 56 females, aged 19–65 years, were referred to the surgical clinic, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon specialized dentistry centers, and private clinics in Hillah city, Iraq, to determine the levels of preoperative IL-5 and GM-CSF by ELIZA technique. Results: There were no major differences between females and males in both groups, according to the findings of this study. In comparison to the healthy subjects, however, patients showed higher significant differences in measuring (IL-5) and (GM-CSF) concentrations (366.81 ± 17.8, 12.26 ± 1.3) (P ≤ 0.05) by using the ROC test IL-5 and GM-CSF showed (cutoff 146.42, sensitivity 90%, specificity 82%), (cutoff 4.04, sensitivity 84%, specificity 72%). Conclusion: proinflammatory IL-5 and GM-CSF were shown to be higher in patients with complications following wisdom teeth extraction than it was in control; highly level of IL-5 and GM-CSF may Predict complications following extraction.

Effect of novel ora-aid intraoral dressing on salivary healing markers in smokers with tooth extraction: A randomized controlled clinical study

Background and objectives. Socket healing following tooth extraction is considered a big challenge among dentists. However, there is no previous research testing the effects of novel commercial ora-aid dressing on the levels of salivary markers of wounds healing, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with relation to the smoking status among patients undergone tooth extraction. Material and methods. The current study represents the first randomized, controlled, and clinical research conducted in Iraq from February to May 2022. Forty male outpatients (aged from 20-60 years) who visited the Surgery Clinic of the College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Iraq, had tooth extraction. The patients were randomly allocated into four groups: smoker patients with ora-aid applied following extraction (N=11), non-smoker patients with ora-aid applied following extraction (N=9), smoker patients without ora-aid applied (gauze only; N=11), and non-smoker patients without ora-aid applied (gauze only; N=9). Levels of preoperative and postoperative (2 weeks after extraction) salivary HGF and OPG were measured. Results. The results indicated that the levels of postoperative HGF were significantly higher in patients with ora-aid dressing compared to those without. Levels of postoperative OPG were significantly lower compared to their preoperative levels in non-smokers without ora-aid dressing. Smoking had significantly negative impacts on the levels of preoperative HGF. Conclusions. The study concludes that commercial ora-aid attachable dressing can be safely applied on the fresh socket after tooth extraction and it can accelerate the healing of intraoral wounds by significantly elevating healing of salivary markers (HGF|) and maintaining the levels of other healing marker (OPG).

THE DIFFICULTY OF USING IRREGULAR SENTENCE BY IRAQI EFL STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON

The objective of the study is to investigate the difficulty of using irregular verbs in the students writing an essay at the University of Babylon. The design of this study is descriptive qualitative research. The sample of the study comprised 25 students in their fourth year, and it was selected randomly. The findings of the study showed that 70% of the students were unable to use irregular cases such as verbs and adjectives incorrectly. Also, the findings show that the students use both regular and irregular verb (past) in their students' writing essays. The most dominant verb past written by the students in their students’ writing essay is an irregular verb. Regular verbs are verbs that can change according to tense and change it regularly. Regular verbs are verbs whose changes comply with normal rules, that is with add the letter -d or -ed to the verb first-form/verb-1 (infinitive) so that it becomes a verb form second/verb-2 (past tense). Several things must be considered in the way of forming regular verbs by adding the letter -ed suffix or -d in the basic verb/verb-1 (infinitive). Irregular verbs are verbs that change according to the tense and do not comply with normal compliance. The past tense Irregular verbs are not formed from basic verbs/verb-1 (infinitives) plus letters -d or -ed letters to form verb-2/past tense. Irregular verbs form their past tense differently (through) not always) through a vowel and consonant change. This study recommends students should be well-trained on how to use irregular verbs in the past tense case or changing the form of the regular adjective, and also must be memorized by the learners/students because of the difficulty to distinguish the irregular verbs among the sentences.

The 1st International Babylon Conference on Clinical and Experimental Pharmacological Research: mapping the Iraqi pharmacological research activity and priorities

The proceedings of the 1st International Babylon Conference on Clinical and Experimental Pharmacological Research (taking place at the College of Pharmacy of the University of Babylon, in Hillah, Iraq; May 4-5, 2024) are hereby hosted by the Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition; a journal that has provided a significant service to the international pharmacological community since 1987. These proceedings include a total of 50 papers (including this editorial) and provide a representative overview of the conference’s rich scientific pro¬gramme. The latter has served two objectives: (i) to facilitate the mapping of the Iraqi pharmacological research and priorities, and (ii) to enable the establishment of international collaborations in the field. In that respect, the proceed¬ings host the inspiring messages of several conference keynote speakers from abroad, and feature a variety of clinical and experimental studies that well relate to the priorities currently set by the Iraqi pharmacological community.

The Role of Service Quality in Achieving Customer Satisfaction at the University of Babylon

The Role of Service Quality in Achieving Customer Satisfaction at the University of Babylon

A Comparative Analysis of the Baghdad and Babylon Universities Exploring Factors Affecting Their Competitiveness in World University Rankings

في السنوات الأخيرة، اكتسبت تصنيفات الجامعات العالمية شعبية كوسيلة لتقييم جودة مؤسسات التعليم العالي لأنها توفر رؤى قيمة حول أفضل المؤسسات في جميع أنحاء العالم؛ لذلك، يستخدم أصحاب العمل والأكاديميون والطلاب هذه التصنيفات لتحديد من أي مكان يمكن توظيف موظفين جدد، ومتابعة التعليم العالي، وإجراء البحوث. ويصدق هذا على الجامعات العراقية أيضا، حيث تسعى جاهدة لتقييم مكانتها وقدرتها التنافسية على نطاق عالمي. في هذه الدراسة، يتم تحليل ومقارنة نتائج جامعتي بغداد وبابل في تصنيف التايمز العالمي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم أيضا فحص العوامل التي أثرت على تصنيفهما على مدى خمس سنوات (2017-2022). تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على مزايا وعيوب كل مؤسسة تعليمية من خلال تحليل مجموعة متنوعة من المتغيرات، بما في ذلك التدريس، والمخرجات الدولية، ونتائج الصناعة، وجودة البحث، ومقاييس الأداء الأكاديمي، و الاستشهادات. كما تسعى لتحديد الميزات التي تميز كل واحدة عن غيرها. من أجل إجراء تحليل مقارن، تستخدم هذه الدراسة بيانات تصنيف مؤسسة التايمز البريطانية، والتي تعتبر واحدة من أكثر التصنيفات التي توفر مؤشرات موثوقة ودقيقة للأداء الجامعي و أيضا قواعد بيانات Elsevier's Scopus . تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى مجالات التطوير وتعطي المشرعين والإداريين والطلبة المحتملين فهما شاملا للعوامل الرئيسية التي تؤثر على تصنيفات هاتين الجامعتين.

A Study of Babylon University's TEFL Postgraduate Candidates and Teaching Staff's Perspectives on Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Problems, Challenges and Prospective

This paper investigated the perspectives of Iraqi TEFL postgraduate candidates specializing in teaching English as a foreign language, as well as the professors who were enrolled in and instructed in a course on research methodology (including quantitative, and qualitative approaches) concerning different types of research methodologies. Moreover, the researcher aimed to investigate the participants' perspectives towards a qualitative or quantitative research approach for conducting their thesis. In this study, 10 TEFL postgraduate candidates and 10 teaching staff from University of Babil/ Faculty of Basic Education were chosen by convenience and purposive sampling. Researcher created a semi-structured interview for them. According to Strauss and Corbin's (1996) grounded theory approach to qualitative content analysis, both groups of participants exhibited positive views regarding MMR. Participants preferred qualitative approaches over quantitative approaches for their thesis. Qualitative research and MMR can be as effective as quantitative research, depending on the study's objective and subject being researched.

The Effect of the Inverted Learning Method on the Edmodo Platform in Learning the Skills of Blocking and Defending the Court in Volleyball for Students

The importance of the research lies in the introduction of a new method in the process of learning the skills of blocking and defending the volleyball court for students, which is the inverted learning method using an educational platform called (Edmodo). The research problem focused: Through the researcher’s follow-up to the practical lessons of volleyball in the faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences, he noticed that there is a weakness in learning the skills of the wall and defending the field in volleyball and the lack of them being able to perform them as required, and the reason for this is the difficulty of skills and lack of time Assigned to each student to perform those skills to increase the number of students in the educational unit, the researcher decided to find appropriate solutions by introducing the inverted learning method in preparing the educational unit in conjunction with modern electronic technologies, including the educational platform (Edmodo), so that students can identify the exact details of the required skill Some of them learned it through a computer or smart devices, and participated in asking questions about the skill and participating with colleagues by discussing the details of the skill and its detailed minutes. The objectives of the research were determined to identify the effect of inverted learning on the Edmodo platform in learning the skills of the wall and defending the volleyball court for students. The researcher followed the experimental approach by designing two equal groups with pre and post tests, and on the main research sample of (28) students from the third stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Babylon. The experimental group followed the inverted learning method on the Edmodo platform, while the control group followed the educational method followed by the subject teacher, and after completing the implementation of the vocabulary of this learning, the results were extracted and processed by appropriate statistical means, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is for the inverted learning method Edmodo has played a major role in learning the skills of the wall and defending the field in volleyball. In light of these conclusions, the researcher recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are (the necessity of adopting the inverted learning method on the Edmodo platform in learning some volleyball skills, and also emphasizing the introduction of the inverted learning method on the Edmodo platform during the educational units in learning skills in games and other activities.

The Relationship between Nutrition and COVID-19 Symptoms among Nursing Faculty Students

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health crisis by the WHO, has prompted significant shifts in lifestyle and health behaviors worldwide. This study investigates the relationship between dietary habits and manifestations of COVID-19 among nursing students in the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Babylon, employing a descriptive cross-sectional methodology. Drawing from a sample of 100 students, data was collected using a structured questionnaire encompassing demographic information, COVID-19 symptoms, and dietary patterns. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS V.23 and Excel 2016. Results indicated a predominantly female (61%) sample, with most participants being unmarried (64%). Common COVID-19 symptoms reported included loss of smell and taste (for one week), cough with secretions, high temperature, and shortness of breath. The study observed discrepancies in symptom presentation compared to previous research, highlighting variations in manifestations among populations. Notably, individuals who consumed vegetables demonstrated a lower risk of COVID-19 complications, suggesting a potential protective role of vegetable intake against the virus. However, no significant correlations were found between demographic factors and COVID-19 manifestations. Based on the findings, recommendations are proposed to promote healthier dietary practices among individuals, emphasizing the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, eggs, and nutrient-rich foods to aid in COVID-19 recovery. Additionally, suggestions include regular meal consumption, hydration, and moderation of caffeine intake. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of nutrition in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 and provides valuable insights into dietary behaviors among nursing students during the pandemic. Future research should explore longitudinal associations between diet and COVID-19 outcomes to inform public health interventions and preventive strategies effectively.

The moderating role of conscientiousness and gender in the relationship between perceived family atmosphere and academic performance in students from the city of Babylon, Iraq

Objective: The present research aimed to determine the moderating role of conscientiousness and gender in the relationship between perceived family atmosphere and academic performance. Methods and Materials: The research method was correlational, utilizing hierarchical regression analysis, with the population comprising all students from the University of Babylon in Iraq, among whom 258 were conveniently selected. Data were collected using the Family Atmosphere Perception Questionnaire (Ryan et al., 1996), the Conscientiousness Questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 2008), and students' academic averages and were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis through SPSS software version 26. Findings: Results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived family atmosphere in both dimensions of parent-child and mother-child relationships with conscientiousness and academic performance, and between conscientiousness and academic performance (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that conscientiousness and gender moderate the relationship between perceived family atmosphere and academic performance (p<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that perceived family atmosphere is an important variable for enhancing academic performance, considering the role of conscientiousness and gender in Iraqi students.

Effect of Mycorrhizae Inoculation and Spraying with Amino Acids on some Yield Traits and Leaf Proline Content of Corn Plant

A field experiment was conducted in the spring season in the field of the College of Agriculture of the University of Babylon to study the effect of mycorrhizae inoculation and spraying with amino acids on some growth indicators of corn according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using three factors. The second factor is the amino acids with four levels (0, 200 proline, 200 arginine, (200 + 200) mixed mg liter (PPM) and the third factor is the use of two water stresses for water which is irrigation when draining (50-75)% of available water. The inoculation with mycorrhizae was significantly excelled by giving higher yields in grain yield 3.83 tons.ha-1, biological yield 11.30 tons.ha-1, the weight of 1000 grains (g) 96.08 g, proline 5.07 μmol g-1, 2-Spraying with amino acids at treatment A3 gave the highest values for all studied traits. The water stress treatment, which was designated W1, considerably outperformed its competitors by producing the highest values for growth markers from.

Effect of Adding Chelated Zinc and Vermicompost on Some Indicators of Maize Growth

A field experiment was conducted for the fall season 2022 to grow a crop of yellow corn, zea mzys, class F1, in the Kala Agriculture field of the University of Babylon, in silt clay. The study included an investigation of the effect of adding chelated zinc and Vermicompost and the interaction between them on the growth indicators of maize, Where it included three levels of chelated zinc fertilizer (0, 5, 10) kg.H-1 and symbolized by symbols (Zn0, Zn1, Zn2) respectively for the first factor, while the second factor was the addition of Vermicompost with three levels (0, 10, 20) ton.H-1 and symbolized by the symbols (F0, F1, F2), respectively, and thus the number of transactions became 9 by 3 replications, so the number of experimental units became 27 experimental units. The experiment was carried out according to the RCBD random sectors design. The addition of chelated zinc to the Zn2 treatment gave the highest increase in the vegetative growth characteristics of plant height, chlorophyll index, leaf area, and dry weight of the vegetative total, as the values reached 189.60 cm, 53.92 Spad unit, 56.53 dm2, and 4.86 tons H-1 for each respectively. The addition of Vermicompost to treatment F2 gave the highest increase in vegetative growth indicators for each of the plant height 186.39 cm, chlorophyll index 50.75 spad unit, leaf area 52.87 dm2, and dry weight of the vegetative total 4.88 tons H-1. The dual interaction of chelated zinc and Vermicompost for Zn2F2 treatment gave the highest increase in the growth indicators of yellow corn represented by plant height, chlorophyll index, leaf area, shoot dry weight.

Antibiotic prescription in the management of endodontic infections amongst Iraqi final-year undergraduate dental students

Aim: This study aimed to examine the prescription of antibiotics for endodontic infections among undergraduate dental students. Methods: Two government Iraqi dental schools [(the University of Baghdad (UOB) (n=99) and University of Babylon (UB) (n=70)], and one private dental school [Osouldeen University College (OUC) (n=103)] were included in this survey study. A paper-based questionnaire composed of seven questions was distributed to students, and collected. A chi-square test was used for data analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P=0.05). Results: A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was identified between students’ answers in the three dental schools regarding antibiotic selection for endodontic infections in which patients had no known allergies (P=0.001). In comparison to other dental schools, a statistically significantly higher proportion of respondents from UOB (32%) favored Azithromycin 500mg for treating patients with penicillin hypersensitivity (P=0.003). A high percentage of participants (62.1%) selected antibiotic prescription in cases with necrotic pulp and symptomatic apical periodontitis (with swelling and moderate/severe preoperative symptoms). However, there were no significant differences between the 3 dental schools (P>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, a significantly greater percentage of UB chose amoxicillin for the treatment of endodontic infection in patients with no medical allergies. Azithromycin 500mg was selected by UOB as the preferred option in patients who were sensitive to penicillin. Our findings support the need for the implementation of strategies to raise awareness of good antibiotic prescribing practices among dentists in Iraq.

The impact of Marzano's model on learning handball shooting skills from the head level and jumping high in handball

Research has been conducted on handball. This has been done by applying the Marzano model to a handball lesson in a practical and cognitive manner. This is so that the overall characteristics of educational theories can be applied. From this, the model derives its dimensions, which is considered one of the innovations in the educational arena through what many educators do. This model can be used as a frame of reference and the objectives that academic content seeks to achieve. The model of learning consists of five facets and considers the first two facets (positive attitudes toward learning) and the fifth facets (productive habits of the mind) as the base or medium for learning. This is done through the ability to perform and memorize the skill and link what the learner acquires to previous experience. University is also one of the most crucial stages in a learner's life. This is because of its crucial role in preparing him to learn theories to continue his education. It also prepares him for practical life and reveals his preparations. The research problem is identified in the educational methods used in teaching this subject, as well as the method of explanation and clarification on the educational side of the main section, to ensure that the explanation is not repeated and the information is returned to the learner again on the applied side of the main section, and to take advantage of the time in performing the skills with more repetitions, so that these times or periods are prolonged. This causes the learners to become tired and bored, which does not result in the anticipated benefit from the applied side of the learning process. Therefore, the researcher resorted to educational alternatives using the Marzano model. This may have a positive impact on learning handball players' shooting skills. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal groups (experimental and control) with pre and post-tests. The research community was determined by the second-year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon for the academic year (2022-2023), whose number is (122) students. The sample of the main experiment included (40) students and was divided into two groups (control and experimental) with (20) students for each group, and the statistical package (SPSS) was used for data processing.