University Of Babylon Research Articles

Investigating the impact of using nano-fluid as a cooling medium on photovoltaic/thermal panel system performance

Making use of the superior thermal properties of nanofluids is now very common, especially with regard to the cooling of photovoltaic panels to improve overall efficiency. In this work, a novel cooling system manufactured from 3 mm aluminium was attached to the rear of a monocrystalline photovoltaic module, and two volumetric concentrations of SiC/Water nanofluid were tested with different flow rates. These tests were carried out under outdoor climatic conditions in middle of Iraq at Babylon University (32.46 °N, 44.42°E) during both winter and summer. A theoretical model was thus developed in SolidWorks and simulated using ANSYS 18.2. The maximum enhancements in electrical and overall efficiency were found to be 50% and 82.41% in March with a 0.5% nanofluid concentration and 2 L/min flow rate, while the minimum enhancements were 35.4% and 34.01% in June, with a 0.1% nanofluid concentration and 0.5 L/min flow rate. The theoretical results showed good approximation to the experimental results, and the average deviation percentage of electrical efficiency for a photovoltaic/thermal system with nanofluid on 27 March was 5.58%, while on 3 June it was 11%.

Euphemism from a Politeness Perspective: An Exploration of the ability of Iraqi EFL learners to Use and Comprehend Euphemistic Expressions

Euphemisms are advantageous in people’s social life by turning sensitive into a more acceptable ones so that resentful feelings and embarrassment can be avoided. This study investigates the ability of Iraqi English learners in using euphemistic expressions, meanwhile, raising their awareness and the faculty members in English teaching faculties regarding the relevance of discussing the topics that demand euphemisation. This study comprised three stages: initial test, explicit instruction with activities, and a final test for the students’ development in this domain. A test has been distributed among 50 respondents, who are at the fourth year of their undergraduate study at the University of Babylon/ College of Basic Education. The low rate of producing and recognising euphemisms in the first stage of the study, it is concluded that Iraqi students that the course design in the foreign context is inadequate. After consistent training during the second stage, students have shown significant development in mastering these expressions.

Safety Assessment of Hadithah Dam Under Extreme Operations and Collapsible Foundation Challenges

Assistant Professor (Graduate-Ph.D. Student), Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq.

First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

The ISCPS Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), it had been held at Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq(http://sci.uokufa.edu.iq/), at 13 and 14 July 2020, ISCPS also hosted a session from 3rd Creativity and Innovation Forum which it’s had been held at University of Babylon. The Conference provided a forum for discussion and sharing between lecturers, researchers, academics, practitioners, communities, and Information technology specialists, from universities, research institutes, corporations, industries, the government, and the general public in terms of Pure and Applied Sciences in the aspect of Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, and Mathematics. The conference has been a great opportunity for participants coming from UK, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Qatar, Algeria, Syria, Iran, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Palestine, Senegal, Morocco, and Many other Countries to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas.List of Conference Chairs, Editorial Committee, Organizing Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Scientific Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions and Sponsors are available in this pdf.

Manufacturing of High-Load Engine Mounts From Rubber Composites (Natural Rubber and Carbon Black) with Novel Properties

This paper explains the successful and simple process of generating a rubber mount with novel properties by incorporating carbon black particles type ISAF 220 at different ratios ([46, 56, 66, 76, 86] [pphr]). Rubber mounting was made using 100 % natural rubber and carbon powder that was applied to the master batch ratio (60 g). To achieve greater homogeneity, rubber and carbon were combined for several minutes. The rubber mount has been subjected to several tests at Babylon tires factory and Babylon University (tensile, elongation, modulus, compression, hardness, rebound resilience, specific gravity and fatigue tests). The best results were obtained from the rubber mount, as it had the ability to resist fatigue and could be used for a long period of time. It could also increase the number of cycles to 900 rpm. The rubber mount that was reinforced with carbon had a better resistance to the mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, fatigue and resilience). The results of the tensile strength, hardness, fatigue and resilience tests showed that additional quantities of carbon at 66 pphr increased the values by up to 18.95 Mpa, 64 Mpa, 600 Mpa and 55.5 Mpa, respectively.

Developing Sustainability Measurement Tool for University of Babylon

In the last few decades, there have been increasing in assessing sustainability for industrial originations worldwide. The educational institution stared to adopt these principles as it is considering a large platform to start with. Narrowing down to the Iraqi educational institutions, there are still frustrating with applying the sustainability concept at the universities. Therefore, a developed tool to assess the current sustainability situation was conducted. Based on the analyzing by using Prism software after a year of gathering data, there was a significant issue with all the 15 indicators. The indicators broke down into Transportation, Educations and Research, Recycling Systems, Green Buildings as well as Water and Wastewater. The developed sustainability assessment tool is beneficial for any other university that willing to take a part in this principle with continuous measuring should be monitored.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN ENGINEERING: A PRACTICAL STUDY ON BABYLON UNIVERSITY

Purpose: This research paper deals with the effect reflected by information technology on ergonomics. The advanced societies have developed only by virtue of their dependence on the thinkers, creative workers, and those who have productive minds. As a result of the fast development of information technology and the accompanying innovations, there has been a great role for ergonomics; in order to achieve a great deal of competitive success. This study also aspires to achieve a number of aims depending on the main hypothesis and its sub hypotheses.
 Methodology: The human resources are found in a society based on development and knowledge by using modern technology. A questionnaire is used as well, as a means to collect data and information related to the sample of the study. To analyze data, many statistical procedures are used, such as 'Pearson Correlation', 'Simple Regression Coefficient', and 'T' and 'F' test to confirm the significance of the sample using SPSS 20 and EXCEL 2013. The statistical population consisted of all the staff of the Babylon University, which numbered 34 people. The statistical sample size was estimated based on Morgan table 30 people who were selected by random sampling from the statistical population.
 Main Findings: These statistical procedures show a number of results. The most prominent one is that there is a relationship of statistical significance between information technology and ergonomics.
 Application of Study: The problem of the study is represented by identifying the role of information technology in ergonomics throughout the tendency of the business organizations and the institutions of higher education to take care of their human resources.
 Novelty/Originality: This study is the first to examine the role of information technology in ergonomics in the overall desire of commercial organizations and higher education institutions to care for human resources.

Assessment of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Its Effect on the Quality of Life among Female Students at University of Babylon

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess primary dysmenorrhea condition among participants. In addition to, find out the correlation between primary dysmenorrhea and quality of life of among female students at Babylon of University. Methodology: A cross sectional study design used in this applied quantitative research through the period of 4 August 2019 to 22 October 2019. The study conducted in Babylon province, Iraq at University of Babylon. Four faculties has been selected randomly as setting of current study. The total participants were (N=145) females students, selected as 20% from each faculty, by using purposive non-probability sampling approach. The data collected by using an adapted questionnaire and analyzed electronically by using SPSS program. Result: The findings of the present study revealed that (89%) of participants were unmarried. Almost the entire of sample had family history of primary dysmenorrhea. According to NPRS scale for assessing pain intensity (62.1%) with severe primary dysmenorrhea. The study’s finding found out a negative significant correlation between primary dysmenorrhea intensity and overall quality of life scale at P?0.05 (r= - 0.642, P=0.000). Conclusion: Primary dysmenorrhea is a very common problem among female students at university of Babylon; it affects their quality of life. QoL decreases with the increase in the severity of primary dysmenorrhea.

The Correlation between Anti-GAD65 and Coxsackievirus B-IgG (CVB-IgG) in Type 1 Diabetes-Coxsackievirus B (T1D-CVB) Patients

Coxsackieviruses are one of the main causes of type 1 diabetes, due to the sequence similarity between the protein 2 C (P2-C) in the structure of the virus and the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantigen in human beta-cells. The study aims to detect the anti-GAD65 and specific anti-CVB IgG in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients to study the correlation between the levels of the GAD65 autoantigen and CVB- IgG autoantibody in T1D-CVB patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to July 2019 at Babylon Diabetic Center in Marjan Teaching city, Babylon teaching hospital for maternity and children and college of medicine at the University of Babylon. A total of 150 samples were obtained from diabetic patients and 50 samples from non-diabetic individuals as control. Diabetic mellitus (DM) patients diagnosed by clinical features, RBS test (above 200 mg/dL) and HbA1c test (above 6.5%). Anti-Gad and CVB-IgG detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) . The study showed the age group A2 (1-5 years), the females group (B1), and rural group (C1) more susceptible to T1D-CVB infection. The study exhibited a positive correlation between anti-gad and anti-CVB-IgG (r = 0.644**) in T1D-CVB patients.

Physical Constituents of university urban environment; the impact on social behavior characteristics (University of Babylon A model)

Environment quality plays a major role in communication, and, enhances life.it has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. in contrast, there is no comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies. so the major problem there is a lack of knowledge in comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies, that determine the physical Constituents; Influencing the social behavior characteristics, and assessment the environment quality based on behavioral measures by observed behavior. the aim of this paper is to develop previous literature theoretical framework and draw out behavioral measures to assess the environment quality (functionally, physically and ecologically). The inductive experimental approach was adopted, six urban spaces were elected at the University of Babylon, and observation Student behavior during (2018-2019). Finally, the results showed that determine the measures based on observed behavior Characteristics contributes effectively to the assessment environment quality, on another side high quality of the urban environment leads to increase the variety of behavioral patterns and cognitive relationships.

Knowledge Attitudes and Barriers of Undergraduate Medical Students towards Research in University of Babylon

Students who did not participate in this activity during their training that might negatively affect their understanding of the importance of research in their future careers. Objective of the study: To evaluate the attitude and knowledge and barriers of a sample of Iraqi medical undergraduate students. Methodology: Across sectional study was done using a self-administered pretested questionnaire to measure the knowledge, barriers and attitudes of students toward research. Results: Two hundred eight medical students were studied in the University of Babylon. The female to male ratio was 2:1. Regarding barriers , the study revealed that( 55.3% )of the students had efficient internet. This study explained that the skill of English language writing is very low. Only one-fourth of the students were exposed to the encouragement to participate in academic research and 8.7% of the students mentioned that there was available chance for them to conduct research. Only 15.8% agreed that they can access scientific journals through university library while 3.4% of study group knew that there are government financial support toward research, 68.2% of the students said that there are no enough training in research. Regarding the attitude 73.3% of the participants had positive attitudes. The high majority of the students (85%) believed that research is highly important for their medical practice.

Vitamin D Level Status and Hypertension among Elderly Iraqi People in Al Hillah City

Background: Vitamin D has different biological actions in the body . Vitamin D has the pleiotropic effectsin multiple organ systems. Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has been found to have an inverse relationship withthe occurrence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the vit D level in type-2diabetic patients.Objective: To identify Vitamin D level and its correlate with type2 diabetes mellitus among old adults.Methodology: This was across sectional descriptive observational study included a non-probability(convenient sample) of elders (>65 years both women and men) in Hilla City, Babylon province, the periodof the study started from the first of January through August 2019, the sample size was calculated accordingto the sample size calculation equation with 95% confidence level, 300 elderly people were participatedvoluntarily in this study after explaining the objective of the study by the researcher, the response rate inthis study 100%. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of College of nursing - University ofBabylon, a pretested questionnaire was used to interview the participants after obtaining their verbal consents,the sample included old adults, apparently healthy & not receiving vitamin D supplement, serum levelof Vitamin D that made by chemo immunoassay method (maglumi instrument). Data about demographiccharacteristics, drug uses, number of chronic diseases, as well as measurement of mean blood sugar of eachparticipant were done single handy by the researcher. Blood sugar was measured using electronic system,blood sugar more than 170mg/dl considered diabetes in this study or those who diagnosed previously asdiabetes (type 2) and taking anti diabetic drugs. Vitamin D levels are divided into three categories .deficient< 20ng/ml, insufficient between 23-29ng/ml and normal level 30-100 ng/ml 27 . Data were analyzed by usingthe (spss) package version 23. The chi-square test was used to test the associations between variables. Theassociation considered statistically significant when the P-value is less than 0.05.Results: The study included 300 participants, most of the study sample had either insufficiency or deficiencyof Vitamin D level. Diabetic elders in this study had significant low serum Vitamin D level (both deficiencyand insufficiency of vitamin) as compared to healthy group, this difference was statistically significantp<0.05.Conclusion: There was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D level and type 2 diabetesmellitus.

Knowledge Attitudes and Barriers of Undergraduate Medical StudentsTowards Research in University of Babylon

Objective of the study: To evaluate the attitude and knowledge and barriers of a sample of Iraqi medical undergraduate students( in Babylon college of medicine and college of dentistry) toward research. Across sectional study was done using self-administered pretested questionnaire to measure the knowledge ,barriers and attitudes of students toward research. Two hundred eight students were responded to this study from Hammurabi medical college, and college of dentistry in the University of Babylon. Females constituted 67%. The female to male ratio was 2:1. Regarding barriers to conducting research activities the study revealed that ( 55.3% )of the students had efficient internet connection and 1.5% had no internet connection at home This study explained that the skill of English language writing is very low, only 5.3% of them mentioned that they had very good skill of writing in 66.5 % mentioned that they had intermediate level of writing English. Regarding speaking English language (which is the language of training for the medical students) only one in fifth of them had good skill in speaking fluent English language. Regarding the attitude 73.3% of the participants had positive attitudes and they mentioned that they are interested in conducting research during undergraduate training.

Knowledge Attitudes and Barriers of Undergraduate Medical StudentsTowards Research in University of Babylon

Objective of the study: To evaluate the attitude and knowledge and barriers of a sample of Iraqi medical undergraduate students( in Babylon college of medicine and college of dentistry) toward research. Across sectional study was done using self-administered pretested questionnaire to measure the knowledge ,barriers and attitudes of students toward research. Two hundred eight students were responded to this study from Hammurabi medical college, and college of dentistry in the University of Babylon. Females constituted 67%. The female to male ratio was 2:1. Regarding barriers to conducting research activities the study revealed that ( 55.3% )of the students had efficient internet connection and 1.5% had no internet connection at home This study explained that the skill of English language writing is very low, only 5.3% of them mentioned that they had very good skill of writing in 66.5 % mentioned that they had intermediate level of writing English. Regarding speaking English language (which is the language of training for the medical students) only one in fifth of them had good skill in speaking fluent English language. Regarding the attitude 73.3% of the participants had positive attitudes and they mentioned that they are interested in conducting research during undergraduate training.

Mutans Streptococci and Removable Orthodontics

Numerous studies have investigated the influence of orthodontic therapy and appliances on the oral microbial flora. Little is known about the effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral colonisation by mutans streptococci. The original aim of the present investigation was to assess the mean and the statistical mean difference of colony values of S. Mutans in a removable orthodontic appliance fabricated from two types of acrylic resin for an Iraqi sample. According to certain predetermined sample criteria; the present study consist of eleven consecutive young patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment with removable orthodontic appliances at the department of orthodontics at the college of dentistry/ University of babylon as well as dental student seeking orthodontic treatment. Each subject included in the present study had to wear an upper (hot cured) and lower (cold cured) well adaptive removable orthodontic appliance. A swab was taken from the lingual/palatal gingival and inoculated within the brain heart agar then cultured within Mitis- Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colonies were calculated for each plate, afterwards the colony forming unit (CFU) will be calculated. of the present study showing that all bacterial colony values were higher in the lower than upper arch. However, a statistical non significant difference was registered between the colony mean values of both arches. The present study signify both types of acrylic resins (heat/ cold) can be used as an orthodontic acrylic base in removable appliances within the orthodontic practice with a careful monitoring of patients treated orthodontically for risk of caries development.

Study the effects of smoking on selected oral biomarkers levels in chronic periodontitis cases in Al-Hilla city

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a hydrolase enzyme, a membrane-based glycoprotein produced by many cells within the area of the periodontium and gingival crevice. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Subjects and method: the study comprised 40 participate , 25 smoker chronic periodontitis , 15 normal subject as control , age ranged between (20-50) years old , this study carried out in periodontal department clinic/ collage of dentistry / university of Babylon , Hilla city , Iraq, 5 ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all subjects to measure Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). Results : the result show there are highly -significant differences in the levels of(ALP and GM-CSF) between smoker and control Conclusion: Smoking in chronic periodontitis patients has positive effects on levels of (ALP and GM-CSF) in saliva.

Improving the Electrical Efficiency of a Photovoltaic/Thermal Panel by Using SiC/Water Nanofluid as Coolant

For photovoltaic panels, high temperature has a major effect, reducing electrical efficiency and decreasing the panel’s life span. In this work, an aluminum pocket collector was manufactured and fixed to the rear side of a photovoltaic panel to form a photovoltaic/thermal system (PV/T). A SiC/water nanofluid was used as coolant fluid with two volumetric concentrations (0.1 and 0.5%). The experiments were conducted outdoors at Babylon University (32.46 °N,44.42°E) in March. Different flow rates of SiC/Water nanofluid were tested (0.5,1,1.5 & 2 LPM). A comparison was made with another, identical, PV panel under the same conditions. SiC/water nanofluid had a noticeable effect on output power and results showed that the maximum enhancement in electrical efficiency was 33.27% with 0.5 % SiC/Water nanofluid and flow rate of 2 LPM,. and the maximum overall efficiency was 92.43 %.

Anxiety And Fear-related Disorders Among Newly Accepted Students For The Years 2017 And 2018 In The Medical College of Hammurabi, Babylon University

Anxiety And Fear-related Disorders Among Newly Accepted Students For The Years 2017 And 2018 In The Medical College of Hammurabi, Babylon University

Patterns of Maxillary Canine Impaction in Iraqi Population

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of maxillary canine impaction and whether the impacted canine cases have had a potentially good or poor prognosis if interceptive treatment was practiced at earlier ages. Material and Methods: 1755 panoramic radiographs of patients, aged 13 to 60 years, attending the University of Babylon, College of Dentistry for the period from November 2016 to July 2018 were collected and assessed for the presence of impacted maxillary canines. Subsequently, four suggested prognostic factors for each impacted canine were analyzed and recorded. Results: The prevalence of maxillary canine impaction was 119 (6.78%) with 89 unilateral impaction and 30 bilateral impaction resulting in a total of 149 impacted canines. Regarding the gender, impaction was more evident in females 70 than in males 49 with no statistical significant difference. For the side, impaction was more prevalent on the left (77) than on the right (72), also with no statistical difference (p>0.05). Following the analysis of the four prognostic factors, most of the cases, 117 (78.5%) had at least one prognostic factor to be poor. Although 82 (55%) of the cases had at least one prognostic factor to be good, only 4 had all the prognostic factors to be good. Conclusion: Although the cases that had a potentially good prognosis were little (4 cases), interceptive extraction of primary canines would mostly be beneficial for these patients as it will minimize the treatment time, cost and complications.

Effect exposure of non-specialist tissue to ultraviolet treatments on gene expression and growth under cold stress in some breeds of beans

the experiment was conducted in laboratories of institute of genetic engineering and biotechnology of higher studies – university of Baghdad and college of sciences – university of Babylon, to study five breeds of beans to different mutation treatments on shoot apexes and its growth under low heat environments to product new winter lines, the irradiation of shoot apexes was after cut off it from shoots, ultraviolet radiation was used in three wavelengths (220,320 and 400 nm) interaction with two exposure periods (2 and 4 hours per day). the study traits were: Number days to 100% flowering - biological weight– weight of plant seeds, randomized complete block design was used with three replications, the results were indicated that B2 gave less number of days, higher biological and seeds weight while B1,B4 and B5 could not complete growth under W2,W3 treatments with different exposure periods, all breads gave flowering, biological and seeds weight with its variation at P1W1 and P1W2 treatments, the atpA gene was active in all breeds in P1W1 and P1W2 treatments while B2 and B3 were expressed gene in all treatments. From the results, there were new lines of beans added to winter plants as new crop was entered into food diversity program in Iraq.