University Of Paris Research Articles

Research on Membranes and Their Associated Processes at the Université Paris-Est Créteil: Progress Report, Perspectives, and National and International Collaborations

Research on membranes and their associated processes was initiated in 1970 at the University of Paris XII/IUT de Créteil, which became in 2010 the University Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC). This research initially focused on the development and applications of pervaporation membranes, then concerned the metrology of ion-exchange membranes, then expanded to dialysis processes using these membranes, and recently opened to composite membranes and their applications in production or purification processes. Both experimental and fundamental aspects have been developed in parallel. This evolution has been reinforced by an opening to the French and European industries, and to the international scene, especially to the Krasnodar Membrane Institute (Kuban State University-Russia) and to the Department of Chemistry, (Qassim University-Saudi Arabia). Here, we first presented the history of this research activity, then developed the main research axes carried out at UPEC over the 2012-2022 period; then, we gave the main results obtained, and finally, showed the cross contribution of the developed collaborations. We avoided a chronological presentation of these activities and grouped them by theme: composite membranes and ion-exchange membranes. For composite membranes, we have detailed three applications: highly selective lithium-ion extraction, bleach production, and water and industrial effluent treatments. For ion-exchange membranes, we focused on their characterization methods, their use in Neutralization Dialysis for brackish water demineralization, and their fouling and antifouling processes. It appears that the research activities on membranes within UPEC are very dynamic and fruitful, and benefit from scientific exchanges with our Russian partners, which contributed to the development of strong membrane activity on water treatment within Qassim University. Finally, four main perspectives of this research activity were given: the design of autonomous and energy self-sufficient processes, refinement of characterization by Electrochemical Scanning Microscopy, functional membrane separators, and green membrane preparation and use.

Pierre Amarenco: the persistent pioneer

Pierre Amarenco, Professor of Neurology at Paris University (Paris, France), is a busy man. As well as being a prominent researcher in stroke and stroke prevention, he runs five clinics a week at which he sees patients with neurological disorders, is president of the stroke charity Vaincre l'AVC (which he set up with his wife Sophie in 2019), and has written a book for the general public on stroke prevention. Yet, at the age of 65 years, the hardworking French native has just taken on a new challenge and position. In September, 2022, Amarenco was appointed visiting professor in the Brain Health and Stroke research programme at the Population Health Research Institute (Hamilton, ON, Canada), hence, he now spends half his time in France and the other half in Canada. His work in Canada will focus on developing clinical trials in stroke. Risk of subsequent disabling or fatal stroke in patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke: an international, prospective cohort studyWe found a substantial burden of disability (mRS score of >1) at 5 years after transient ischaemic attack or minor ischemic stroke, and most predictors of this disability were modifiable risk factors. Patients who did regular physical exercise before the index event had a significantly reduced risk of disability at 5 years compared with patients who did no exercise. Full-Text PDF

'Ici et par toute la terre': Paris, British universities and the French study abroad in the inter-war

This article begins with the recommendations of the Leathes Report of 1916 in connection with the internationalisation of language study and the reasons why the ideal of transnational mobility was slow to take root in language departments in the UK. It examines how the provision of safe, secure and affordable accommodation for women students was an effective counter to alarmist stay-at-home tales. And it looks at how feminist educators campaigned to promote international learning and teaching opportunities for women scholars. It argues that the Leathes concept of an ‘immersion’ experience conflicted with the University of Paris's interpretation of the ‘internationalisation’ of study. The Cité universitaire (CU) project, launched in the 1920s, offered the possibility for the easy placement of a growing number of students from the British red-brick universities in particular. But the conviction of British academics that the proposed Collège Franco-Britannique should house both French and British students was at odds with the University of Paris's concept of a campus of representative national houses in which only students of that country were permitted to live. It concludes that the mobilisation of the profession into subject bodies was a key factor in the evolution of study abroad programs and more broadly in the consolidation of ‘modern studies’ in the new civic and red-brick universities across Britain.

Touch, Movement, and Dance

Integrative and Complementary TherapiesVol. 29, No. 1 Touch, Movement, and DanceHiie SaumaaHiie SaumaaHiie Saumaa, PhD, is a dance writer, scholar, and somatic movement educator. She is a certified instructor of Nia dance, The BodyLogos Technique, and JourneyDance, and teaches classes and workshops in sensory-based dance modalities, creative movement, expressive arts, mindful strength training, and somatic awareness. Her work explores interconnections between dance, somatics, embodied knowledge, health, creativity, and imagination. In 2018–2019, she was an inaugural fellow at Columbia University's Institute for Ideas and Imagination in Paris, France, and in 2017, she was a fellow at the Dance Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. She has taught at Columbia University, New York University, the University of Tennessee, Paris College of Art, the Catholic University of Paris, Emlyon Business School, and l'Institut Mines-Télécom.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:14 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1089/ict.2022.29056.hsaAboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 29Issue 1Feb 2023 InformationCopyright 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Hiie Saumaa.Touch, Movement, and Dance.Integrative and Complementary Therapies.Feb 2023.35-39.http://doi.org/10.1089/ict.2022.29056.hsaPublished in Volume: 29 Issue 1: February 14, 2023PDF download

Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum experience in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 in Paris: a qualitative phenomenological study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdowns triggered social discontent on an unprecedented scale. Descriptive phenomenological studies showed that pregnant women were under intense stress during the COVID-19 outbreak, even though they remained uninfected. The purpose of this study was to report on the experiences of pregnant women affected by mild COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic.MethodsIn this non- interventional qualitative study, we analyzed pregnant women’s experiences using an interpretive phenomenological analysis approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with women who had had a mild COVID-19 during their pregnancy, and gave birth or planned to give birth in the maternity units of Sorbonne University in Paris, France.ResultsParticipants reported that at the time they had COVID-19, they were not afraid of being seriously ill, but of transmitting COVID-19 to their close relatives. Their main concern was being pregnant and becoming a parent in a world where the pandemic deeply altered social environment. This included uncertainty about the future and an acute feeling of isolation related to lockdown. The idea that their partner might not be allowed to attend childbirth was almost unanimously felt as intolerable. In contrast, women had positive feelings regarding the fact that lockdown resulted in a de facto paternity leave leading to a certain degree of equality in the couple regarding baby care and household chores. Unexpectedly, the pandemic social distancing measures helped participants escaping from behavioral constraints, including the unspoken rule that they should welcome greetings from friends and family, despite being exhausted by the recent birth.ConclusionsOur results suggest that avoiding separation from their partner is a key to benevolent medical care for pregnant women in times of health crises. The unexpected benefits women reported in a world of lockdown cast a new light on their expectation regarding parenthood today.

44th International Conference on Coordination Chemistry (ICCC) Special Collection

AbstractSince its beginning in 1893, coordination chemistry has been evolving constantly, and it has become a fundamental pillar for chemical sciences, from catalysis to materials. After two years of restrictions due to the pandemic, the 44th International Conference on Coordination Chemistry (ICCC) took place in Rimini (Italy) in August 2022. It was the occasion for over thousand chemists to share their research projects, some of which are showcased in this Special Collection. Guest Editors Emma Gallo (University of Milan), Anna Proust (Sorbonne University Paris), and Claudio Pettinari (University of Camerino) summarize the excellent results in the “44th ICCC” Special Collection.

The Thirteenth-Century Animal Turn: Medieval and Twenty-First Century Perspectives Thinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals

<i>The Thirteenth-Century Animal Turn: Medieval and Twenty-First Century Perspectives</i> <i>Thinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals</i>

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

«Видение о “Романе о Розе”» Жана Жерсона: дебаты во сне и наяву

The article analyzes the treatise of Jean Gerson, the outstanding French theologian of the 15th century and Chancellor of the University of Paris, “Le traictié d’une vision faite contre Le Ronmant de la Rose”, written on May 18, 1402. This work was created in the midst of the so-called dispute about the Roman de la Rose, in which prominent intellectuals of the early 15th century, the first French humanists — Christine de Pizan, Jean de Montreuil, the brothers Gontier and Pierre Col — took part. The treatise is an account of a vision in which Jean Gerson was allegedly present at the trial brought against Jean de Meng, the author of the second part of the Roman de la Rose, which is strikingly misogynistic. The article analyzes in detail the literary techniques used in this work, the genre of the treatise, and also raises the question of why Gerson needed to transfer the real literary debates that were going on between supporters and opponents of the Roman de la Rose into a fictional reality and give them the character of judicial debates. The author concludes that Jean Gerson’s treatise may have been based on the idea of dreams as Divine revelations, as omens of future — and quite real — events. Thus, the verdict regarding the Roman de la Rose and its author, Jean de Meng, was to be pronounced not in a dream, but in reality, and not by a fictional character, but by the chancellor of the University of Paris himself.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Glaube(n) im Disput: Neuere Forschungen zu den altgläubigen Kontroversisten des Reformationszeitalters ed. by Karl-Heinz Braun, Wilbirgis Klaiber, and Christoph Moos

Reviewed by: Glaube(n) im Disput: Neuere Forschungen zu den altgläubigen Kontroversisten des Reformationszeitalters ed. by Karl-Heinz Braun, Wilbirgis Klaiber, and Christoph Moos Ralph Keen Glaube(n) im Disput: Neuere Forschungen zu den altgläubigen Kontroversisten des Reformationszeitalters. Edited by Karl-Heinz Braun, Wilbirgis Klaiber, and Christoph Moos. (Münster: Aschendorff Verlag. 2020. Pp. ix, 404. €68,00. ISBN: 9783402116074.) This volume of proceedings from a 2017 conference brings together research on the multifaceted nature of Catholic resistance to the Reformation. Attempts in the first half of the sixteenth century to respond to evangelical challenges sought to emphasize a unity and coherence in a tradition that beneath the surface was varie-gated and contentious. The papers in this volume are the products of close reading in little-known sources, guided by an awareness that “believing is a communicative process” (p. 7). In an introductory essay, Peter Waller describes the evolution of the medieval disputatio from its beginnings in early Scholasticism to its expansion, beyond the academic form, to a mode of engagement with Judaism and Islam as well as a genre within Humanism. Karl-Heinz Braun offers an incisive critique of modern conceptions of terms like “mystical’ or “Augustinian” with a reminder that they were less clear in the sixteenth century than they seem after a half-millennium. Kenneth Appold’s paper on the relationship of disputation and consensus provides valuable nuance to the tension between difference and unity, especially in the 1540s; while Kai Bremer’s close analysis of the debate about the authorities Luther invoked in An den Adel shows how that dispute shaped later controversies, especially the extent to which these involved the authority of the tradition. A section dedicated to contexts includes Axel Gotthard on the political priorities behind protecting the Roman Church and the specific threats to order that the Diets sought to counter, a discussion that raises the question of whether religious dissension leads to political disintegration. The role of the University of Paris in setting (and enforcing) norms for Catholic orthodoxy is ably detailed by Andreas Sohm’s depiction of the tensions among the many colleges and between many of them and the Sorbonne. Sohm’s discussion is followed by Peter Walter on the question of the priority of the theological tradition over the authority of the papacy (and, by implication, hierarchical order) as sources of authority. The section on patronage and professional networks includes Gabriele Jancke on the social relations that sustained Johannes Cochlaeus and his work and that illustrate what she calls Konfliktkultur, a world defined by its affinities and antagonisms. Christoph Moos offers a similar contextualization for Johannes Fabri, bishop of Vienna and the friend and patron of a wide circle of humanists, including Erasmus. These two papers are followed by Markus Wriedt on networks of the learned during this period, defined both in printing affiliations and by geography, with attention to theology (especially the controversial form) as its own community of discourse. Wilbirgis Klaiber’s discussion of the Franciscan Johannes Nas shows us a controversialist’s self-presentation to his readers. Women rarely figure in histories of polemical theology, but Anne Conrad describes the work of nuns and lay [End Page 200] teachers as part of the polemical enterprise, the Orders being their own networks and schools. Just as composers of Protestant pamphlets frequently relied on images, so did the Catholic resistance, though on the larger scale of church décor. Andreas Tacke describes confessionalizing elements in pre-Tridentine church iconography fostered by a patronage system of dukes and bishops. Theoretical perspective is offered by Bent Jörgensen’s discussion of confessional self-fashioning and his depiction of the tension between the “old” and the “new” faithful as reflected in pejorative epithets, many meant to delegitimize the Reformers as unchristian. Defining the old faith was a point of contention within the Church, as Martin Hille demonstrates in his study of the polemical exchange between Georg Nigrinus and Kaspar Franck the Younger about pastoral duties. The definition of the Church is the topic of a comparison by Thomas Dietrich on the ecclesiologies of Luther and Bellarmine. A final essay by Herman Selderhuis on directions for future research...

Comorbidity Patterns and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Psychiatric Disorders and COVID-19.

To examine the association between psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidity and 28-day mortality among patients with psychiatric disorders and COVID-19. We performed a multicenter observational retrospective cohort study of adult patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at 36 Greater Paris University hospitals (January 2020-May 2021) (N=3,768). First, we searched for different subgroups of patients according to their psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidities through cluster analysis. Next, we compared 28-day all-cause mortality rates across the identified clusters, while taking into account sex, age, and the number of medical conditions. We found 5 clusters of patients with distinct psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidity patterns. Twenty-eight-day mortality in the cluster of patients with mood disorders was significantly lower than in other clusters. There were no significant differences in mortality across other clusters. All psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions may be associated with increased mortality in patients with psychiatric disorders and COVID-19. The lower risk of death among patients with mood disorders might be in line with the potential beneficial effect of certain antidepressants in COVID-19, but requires further research. These findings help identify at-risk patients with psychiatric disorders who should benefit from vaccine booster prioritization and other prevention measures.

Putting undergraduate medical students in AI-CDSS designers’ shoes: An innovative teaching method to develop digital health critical thinking

IntroductionDigital health programs are urgently needed to accelerate the adoption of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Decision Support Systems (AI-CDSS) in clinical settings. However, such programs are still lacking for undergraduate medical students, and new approaches are required to prepare them for the arrival of new and unknown technologies. At University Paris Cité medical school, we designed an innovative program to develop the digital health critical thinking of undergraduate medical students that consisted of putting medical students in AI-CDSS designers’ shoes. MethodsWe followed the six steps of Kern’s approach for curriculum development: identification of needs, definition of objectives, design of an educational strategy, implementation, development of an assessment and design of program evaluation. ResultsA stand-alone and elective AI-CDSS program was implemented for fourth-year medical students. Each session was designed from an AI-CDSS designer viewpoint, with theoretical and practical teaching and brainstorming time on a project that consisted of designing an AI-CDSS in small groups. From 2021 to 2022, 15 students were enrolled: they rated the program 4.4/5, and 80% recommended it. Seventy-four percent considered that they had acquired new skills useful for clinical practice, and 66% felt more confident with technologies. The AI-CDSS program aroused great enthusiasm and strong engagement of students: 8 designed an AI-CDSS and wrote two scientific 5-page articles presented at the Medical Informatics Europe conference; 4 students were involved in a CDSS research project; 2 students asked for a hospital internship in digital health; and 1 decided to pursue PhD training. DiscussionPutting students in AI-CDSS designers’ shoes seemed to be a fruitful and innovative strategy to develop digital health skills and critical thinking toward AI technologies. We expect that such programs could help future doctors work in rapidly evolving digitalized environments and position themselves as key leaders in digital health.

Lorenzo Opimo of Bologna, Teaching Doctor of the Servites during the Reformation, and His Sentences Lectures at the University of Paris in 1370–71 (Part I)

The beautiful Latin MS 198 of the John Rylands Library preserves one of two currently known manuscript copies of the Servite Lorenzo Opimo of Bologna’s Scriptum on the Sentences, the only such text by a Servite that survives. In 1494, the Chapter General of the Servite Order made Lorenzo the order’s teaching doctor, since the representatives declared that his work, primarily his questions on the Sentences, would be required reading for Servite students and masters of theology. No doubt as a result, Lorenzo’s Scriptum was printed in Venice in 1532. To most medieval intellectual historians, the printing, the author, and even the religious order are virtually unknown. This two-part article puts this unique text in its doctrinal and institutional context. Part I argues that Lorenzo delivered his Sentences lectures at the University of Paris in 1370–71, presents and analyses the tradition of the three textual witnesses, and offers a question list.

НЕВІДОМИЙ ДОКУМЕНТ ПРО ЧЕСЬКОГО ПИСЬМЕННИКА ПЕТРА КРШІЧКУ

The publication presents an unknown manuscript dedicated to the work of the Czech poet, translator and teacher Petr Ladislav Křička (1884-1949). Its author is the P. L. Křička’s wife Anna Křičková. The document, written at the request of the Ukrainian Czech language literature scientist, professor of Lviv University V.A. Motornyi, tells us about individual pages of the Czech writer’s life, the beginnings of his creative biography, memories of his study years at school and at the Sorbonne University of Paris, etc. A special place in this material is given to the role of P. L. Křička’s personal contacts with famous figures of Czech culture of the first half of the 20th century, their influence on his talent as a writer.

Humanists and scholastics in early sixteenth-century Paris: new sources from the Faculty of Theology

ABSTRACT Historians often compare the relationship between humanists and scholastics in the early sixteenth century to a battle. In such accounts, the Parisian Faculty of Theology plays the role of a major combatant keeping humanists away from religious studies. This article paints a different and more harmonious picture of humanists and scholastics in the decade before the Reformation. It draws on hitherto little explored evidence from manuscripts authored by official orators at the University of Paris: their speeches to graduating students at the Faculty of Theology in 1510 and 1512. It will be argued that the speakers celebrated both humanist and scholastic competences and the speeches themselves demonstrate that eloquence had a role to play within the institution. In this way, the article adds nuance to our understanding of how the Faculty of Theology viewed humanists and introduces important new sources to the history of universities.

Healthcare trajectory of critically ill patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections: a multicenter retrospective cohort study using the clinical data warehouse of Greater Paris University Hospitals

BackgroundNecrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are rare but serious and rapidly progressive infections characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue, fascia and even muscle. The care pathway of patients with NSTIs is poorly understood. A better characterization of the care trajectory of these patients and a better identification of patients at risk of a complicated evolution, requiring prolonged hospitalization, multiple surgical re-interventions, or readmission to the intensive care unit (ICU), is an essential prerequisite to improve their care. The main objective of this study is to obtain large-scale data on the care pathway of these patients. We performed a retrospective multicenter observational cohort study in 13 Great Paris area hospitals, including patients hospitalized between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 in the ICU for surgically confirmed NSTIs.Results170 patients were included. The median duration of stay in ICU and hospital was 8 (3–17) and 37 (14–71) days, respectively. The median time from admission to first surgical debridement was 1 (0–2) day but 69.9% of patients were re-operated with a median of 1 (0–3) additional debridement. Inter-hospital transfer was necessary in 52.4% of patients. 80.2% of patients developed organ failures during the course of ICU stay with 51.8% of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, 77.2% needing vasopressor support and 27.7% renal replacement therapy. In-ICU and in-hospital mortality rates were 21.8% and 28.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference between patients with abdomino-perineal NSTIs (n = 33) and others (n = 137) in terms of in-hospital or ICU mortality. Yet, immunocompromised patients (n = 43) showed significantly higher ICU and in-hospital mortality rates than non-immunocompromised patients (n = 127) (37.2% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.009, and 53.5% vs. 20.5%, p < 0.001). Factors associated with a complicated course were the presence of a polymicrobial infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR = 3.18 (1.37–7.35); p = 0.007], of a bacteremia [aOR = 3.29 (1.14–9.52); p = 0.028] and a higher SAPS II score [aOR = 1.05 (1.02–1.07); p < 0.0001]. 62.3% of patients were re-hospitalized within 6 months.ConclusionIn this retrospective multicenter study, we showed that patients with NSTI required complex management and are major consumers of care. Two-thirds of them underwent a complicated hospital course, associated with a higher SAPS II score, a polymicrobial NSTI and a bacteremia.

User-Oriented Policies in European HEIs: Triggering a Participative Process in Today’s Digital Turn—An OpenU Experimentation in the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

As European higher education institutions (HEIs) increasingly grapple with new challenges, the importance and difficulty of massification, democratization, and inclusion have been reinforced by the recent pandemic crisis and the simultaneous need for pedagogical continuity. Meeting these challenges not only implies a profound change in organization and teaching practices, which need to focus on user-centered quality learning, but also raises questions about financing, management, and governance. Using results from two participative experiments conducted in the French University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne in the framework of the OpenU (Online Pedagogical Resources in European Universities) project, the authors present ethical and practical issues that currently face inclusive and user-oriented policies in the European higher education area. Through this paper, we argue that creating an imaginative and inclusive participative process is as essential today in the spirit of evidence-based policies supporting digital education as it is partial. We furthermore present emerging results on current needs, as well as incentives to increase participation. Such results ultimately allow us to draw conclusions and recommendations for institutional and national policymakers to further improve user-oriented policies.

Outcomes and risk factors with COVID-19 or influenza in hospitalized asthma patients

BackgroundAt the time of the SARS-CoV-2 emergence, asthma patients were initially considered vulnerable because respiratory viruses, especially influenza, are associated with asthma exacerbations, increased risk of hospitalization and more severe disease course. We aimed to compare the asthma prevalence in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 or influenza and risk factors associated with poor prognosis with the diseases.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the Paris university hospitals clinical data warehouse to identify adults hospitalized for COVID-19 (January to June 2020) or influenza (November 2017 to March 2018 for the 2017–2018 influenza period and November 2018 to March 2019 for the 2018–2019 period). Asthma patients were identified with J45 and J46 ICD-10 codes. Poor outcomes were defined as admission in intensive care or death.ResultsAsthma prevalence was significantly higher among influenza than COVID-19 patients (n = 283/3 119, 9.1%, 95% CI [8.1–10.1] in 2017–2018 and n = 309/3 266, 9.5%, 95% CI [8.5–10.5] in 2018–2019 versus n = 402/9 009, 4.5%, 95% CI [4.0–4.9]). For asthma patients, 31% with COVID-19 were admitted to an intensive care unit versus 23% and 21% with influenza. Obesity was a risk factor for the 2017–2018 influenza period, smoking and heart failure for the 2018–2019 period. Among COVID-19 patients with asthma, smoking and obesity were risk factors for the severe form.ConclusionsIn this study, patients with an asthma ICD-10 code were less represented among COVID-19 patients than among influenza-infected ones. However, outcomes were poorer for COVID-19 than influenza patients, both with asthma. These data highlight the importance of protective shields and vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 in this population.

HPR14 Identifying the Key Drivers of Biosimilar Uptake in Paris University Hospitals Using a Principal Component Analysis

HPR14 Identifying the Key Drivers of Biosimilar Uptake in Paris University Hospitals Using a Principal Component Analysis