University Of Manchester Research Articles

A multi-omics approach using lipids and proteins for early detection in individuals with signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer.

5581 Background: Late-stage ovarian cancer (OC) is diagnosed in 80% of patients, leading to a five-year survival rate below 30% and ranking OC as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Non-specific abdominal symptoms overlap with benign disorders, delaying diagnosis. Testing symptomatic individuals can detect low disease burden, enabling high complete cytoreduction rates. However, current diagnostic tools lack sensitivity and specificity for early-stage OC, underscoring the critical need for novel biomarkers and approaches. Methods: We conducted a multi-omics analysis of serum from two independent, clinically annotated cohorts. Specimens were analyzed using UHPLC-MS untargeted lipidomics and a protein biomarker panel. Cohort #1 (N=544) from the University of Colorado Gynecologic Tissue and Fluid Bank and commercial vendors included patients diagnosed with OC (N=219: 80 early-stage I/II, 139 late-stage III/IV), and non-cancerous controls (N=325) for biomarker discovery. Cohort #2 (N=423) from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and commercial vendors included prospectively enrolled individuals with signs and symptoms of OC. Samples included patients diagnosed with OC (N=109 total: 52 stage I/II, 57 stage III/IV), and non-cancerous controls (N=314). Cohorts were processed independently. Results: Over 1000 features were identified in both cohorts. There was a significant overlap in common features confirming importance in indication for use population. The top features confirmed in both cohorts enabled machine learning-based modeling. Biomarker classes were modeled separately (lipids only, proteins only) and in combination (lipids and proteins), employing 20-fold cross validation. Models containing multi-omic features consistently exhibit the highest AUC compared to individual biomarker classes. AUC for the top-performing model applied to both cohorts was 95% (CI 94-96) for all controls vs. all OC, and 92% (CI 89-95) for all controls vs. early-stage OC. When compared with normal individuals, the AUC vs all OC across stages and sub-types was 97% (CI 96-98). Conclusions: Our top-performing models contain >50 multi-omic features common across two independent cohorts, comprised of 967 unique individuals. Combining LC-MS-based lipidomic profiling of serum with proteins represents a promising new approach as a clinical diagnostic for detecting OC in this complex patient population. Early detection in women with signs and symptoms of OC and faster triage to specialty care may lead to improved patient outcomes.

Diplomacy and lobbying during Turkey's Europeanisation: The private life of politics By BilgeFirat. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2019. 224 pp.

Diplomacy and lobbying during Turkey's Europeanisation: The private life of politics By BilgeFirat. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2019. 224 pp.

Diversity through sustainable development at modern universities

Research shows that university efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) often enhance diversity among students and academics, such as through scholarships for vulnerable students and reducing gender disparities in hiring and promotion. This alignment with SDGs like SDG 1, SDG 4, SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 17 increases the competitiveness of universities by enhancing inclusiveness, flexibility, and adaptability. Modern higher education institutions (Western Sydney University, University of Technology Sydney, Western University, Queen's University, Newcastle University, University of Manchester and other) are implementing policies and strategies to improve the involvement and career advancement of diverse groups, including migrants, refugees, and individuals with different ethnic, religious, and demographic backgrounds, as well as those with disabilities.

Protocol for an observational study to assess the impact of pharmacogenetics on outcomes in vascular surgery (PROSPER).

Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) are often prescribed clopidogrel in order to reduce their risk of major adverse limb and cardiovascular events. Clopidogrel is metabolised by the CYP2C19 enzyme and genetic variations in CYP2C19 are common. These variants can influence an individual's ability to metabolise clopidogrel to its active metabolite. Few studies have investigated the relationship between patient genotype and outcomes in vascular surgery. This work aims to establish the relationship between patient genotype and outcomes after revascularisation in patients with CLTI who are prescribed clopidogrel. It will consider whether pharmacogenetics can be used to ensure patients are prescribed effective medications to optimise their outcomes. This is an observational cohort study of patients undergoing lower limb surgical, endovascular or hybrid revascularisation for CLTI at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust. Patients taking clopidogrel post-procedure, as well as those prescribed a non-clopidogrel based medication regimen, will be recruited prior to or shortly after revascularisation. Patients will undergo CYP2C19 genotyping and will be followed up using online records. The study has 90% power to detect 114 amputations with a target sample size of 483 participants. The primary outcomes are risk of amputation at 1 year and a composite endpoint for the risk of major adverse limb events (MALE) or death from any cause at 1 year. Secondary outcomes are risk of MALE at 1 year, risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or death from any cause at 1 year, death within 30 days of revascularisation, minor re-interventions at 1 year, total number of re-interventions at 1 year and rate of systemic or gastrointestinal bleed at 1 year.Risk of amputation, MALE and MACE will be analysed using Cox models. All remaining outcomes will be analysed using negative binomial models. Potential competing events for the risk of amputation will be investigated as part of a sensitivity analysis. Patients given a non-clopidogrel-based medication will be compared as an additional analysis. Manchester University Research Ethics Committee approval obtained as part of the Implementing Pharmacogenetics to Improve Prescribing (IPTIP) trial process (IRAS 305751). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. This work is a sub-protocol for the IPTIP study which is registered as ISRCTN14050335.

The Manchester Charcot Ankle Neuroarthropathy (M-CAN) Classification: A Radiographic-Based System for Assessing Charcot Ankle Neuroarthropathy.

Background Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a complication of long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes, associated with increased risks of amputation and mortality. Currently, there is no dedicated classification system specifically for ankle CN, nor a standardized description of the possible deformities involving the ankle in relation to CN. This study aims to develop and propose the Manchester Charcot Ankle Neuroarthropathy (M-CAN) classification - a descriptive, radiograph-based system designed to categorize ankle deformities and patterns of bone loss in patients with diabetic CN. The M-CAN classification may aid clinicians in early identification of deformities, facilitating more effective treatment planning and improved outcomes. Methods This retrospective review included 71 patients with diabetic ankle CN who were managed at the Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust over a 10-year period. Patterns of ankle deformity and bone loss were assessed using weight-bearing radiographs, and this information formed the basis for developing the classification system. The proposed classification is structured as follows: "A" refers to the alignment of the ankle joint - Type 1: varus ankle, Type 2: valgus ankle, Type 3: anterior angulation, Type 4: posterior angulation, Type 5: combined plane deformity, and Type N: neutral ankle. "B" denotes bone loss around the ankle joint - Subtype a: tibial bone loss, Subtype b: talar bone loss, Subtype c: calcaneal bone loss, and Subtype d: combined bone loss. "C" represents the cutaneous condition around the ankle, including ulceration and infection. "D" reflects diabetic control, measured by glycated hemoglobin levels. "E" captures the modified Eichenholtz stage of Charcot - Stages 0, 1, 2, and 3. "F" indicates foot perfusion status as assessed by Doppler studies. The classification primarily describes the deformity pattern "A", bone loss "B", and CN stage "E" using standard weight-bearing ankle radiographs, with optional supplementary information from the cutaneous condition "C", glycemic control "D", and pedal perfusion status "F". Results A total of 75 ankle X-rays from CN patients were reviewed. The coronal and sagittal planes of deformity "A" were assessed, and the patterns of bone loss "B" were documented, along with the Eichenholtz stage "E". Based on this A+B+E framework, the most common classification among patients was Type 1-d Stage 3, indicating a varus ankle with combined tibial, talar, and calcaneal bone loss in the consolidation stage of CN. Inter- and intra-observer agreement for components A and B showed near-perfect reliability, with a Kappa value of 0.94. Conclusions This new classification system for ankle CN facilitates the understanding of deformity patterns using plain radiographs and serves as a descriptive tool. It allows the condition to be categorized based on the specific deformities and associated osseous loss.

Ronald Whittam. 21 March 1925—16 August 2023

Ron Whittam had a distinguished academic career in the field of cellular physiology and biochemistry, significantly in the study of transmembrane ion transport mechanisms. His work spanned several decades and institutions including the universities of Manchester, Sheffield, Cambridge, Oxford and Leicester. He served in the Royal Air Force from 1943 to 1947. Undergraduate success was followed by various prestigious fellowships and academic positions. He held the founding Chair of General Physiology at Leicester University. His research addressed an aspect of cellular function fundamental to all life forms: namely, the mechanisms whereby the various transmembrane ionic gradients and distributions are generated and sustained, defining the differences between the inside and outside of the cell.

People and Piety: Protestant Devotional Identities in Early Modern England. Edited by ElizabethClarke and Robert W.Daniel. Manchester University Press, 2020. 320 pp. £25.

People and Piety: Protestant Devotional Identities in Early Modern England. Edited by ElizabethClarke and Robert W.Daniel. Manchester University Press, 2020. 320 pp. £25.

Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis: the Manchester experience

BackgroundTo describe the presentation and management of patients with periorbital necrotizing fasciitis (PONF) through an observational retrospective case series. The clinical notes of twelve consecutive patients managed by the Oculoplastic and Orbital Service and Maxillofacial Service of the Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust between 2018 and 2023 were reviewed. Five of these patients were contactable and gave informed consent for inclusion in the study.MethodsRetrospective review of patient characteristics, risk factors, clinical findings, Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score, imaging results, microbiology and histology results, patient management and mortality.ResultsThe majority of the patients were male (n = 3) with a median (IQR) age of 63 (51–71) years. The median (IQR) number of risk factors per patient was 1 (0–1.5). All patients had periorbital swelling at presentation. Median (IQR) LRINEC score was 5 (3–8.5). Group A Streptococcus was isolated from at least one sample (wound swab, tissue sampling, blood culture) in 4 cases. Histology was consistent with PONF in the remaining case. All patients received intravenous antibiotics and had between 1 and 4 surgical debridements. The median (IQR) time from the onset of symptoms to antibiotic treatment was 24 (17–42) hours, and the time of suspected diagnosis to debridement was 4 (2.3–6) hours. The median (IQR) final best recorded visual acuity (BRVA) was 2.0 (0.23–3) logMAR. Three patients developed orbital compartment syndrome; 2 of these had a final BRVA of no perception of light (NPL). The median (IQR) time from the initial surgery to the most recent follow-up was 4 (2.5–42) months. There was no mortality.ConclusionsThis study showed no mortality in PONF due to early antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement. A high index of clinical suspicion for PONF using the LRINEC score and other parameters combined with a low threshold for treatment should be maintained, especially in high-risk groups. Urgent referral to specialist surgical teams to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential to optimise outcomes in the face of this destructive infection.

A Bibliometric Analysis of GWAS on Rheumatoid Arthritis from 2002 to 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has become a serious threat to human health and quality of life worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors play a crucial role in the onset and progression of RA. Due to the rapid development of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and large-scale genetic analysis, GWAS research on RA has received widespread attention in recent years. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive visualization and bibliometric analysis of publications to identify hotspots and future trends in GWAS research on RA. Methods: Literature on RA and GWAS published between 2002 and 2024 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database by strategic screening. Collected data were further analyzed by using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Excel. The collaborations networks of countries, authors, institutions, and the co-citation networks of publications were visualized. Finally, research hotspots and fronts were examined. Results: A total of 713 publications with 45,773 citations were identified. The number of publications and citations has had a significant surge since 2007. The United States contributed the most publications globally. Okada, Yukinori, was the most influential author. The most productive institution in this field was the University of Manchester. The analysis of keywords revealed that “mendelian randomization analysis”, “association”, “innate”, “instruments”, “bias”, “pathogenesis”, and “genome-wide association study” are likely to be the frontiers of research in this field. Conclusion: This study can be used to predict future research advances in the fields of GWAS on RA and helps to promote academic collaboration among scholars.

Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Between 1990 and 2024.

Recently, some studies suggested that Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is an important environmental factor for Alzheimer's disease(AD). The literature on research about HSV-1 infection and AD is emerging. This study used the bibliometric method to investigate the relationship between HSV-1 infection and AD. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for relevant literature on AD and HSV-1 from 1990 to 2024. Bibliometric and visualization analyses were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. From 1990 to 2024, the number of publications showed an increasing trend. The United States made the largest contributions in productivity. The University of Manchester was the most productive organization. Professor Ruth F. Itzhaki was the most influential researcher. The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease had published the most articles. Research on the mechanisms by which HSV infection contributes to AD remains a hotspot in the field, and future studies may further focus on antiviral therapeutic strategies targeting HSV-1 infection. Our analysis provides basic information about research in AD and HSV-1. The current research hotspots in this field mainly include the mechanism of AD caused by HSV-1, and antiviral drugs to treat or prevent AD.

Book Review: Transcultural Things and the Spectre of Orientalism in Early Modern Poland–Lithuania by Tomasz Grusiecki GrusieckiTomasz, Transcultural Things and the Spectre of Orientalism in Early Modern Poland–Lithuania, Manchester University Press: Manchester, 2023; 264 pp., 44 b/w illus., 1 map; 9781526164360, £85.00 (hbk); 9781526164353, £80.00 (ebook)

Book Review: <i>Transcultural Things and the Spectre of Orientalism in Early Modern Poland–Lithuania</i> by Tomasz Grusiecki GrusieckiTomasz, Transcultural Things and the Spectre of Orientalism in Early Modern Poland–Lithuania, Manchester University Press: Manchester, 2023; 264 pp., 44 b/w illus., 1 map; 9781526164360, £85.00 (hbk); 9781526164353, £80.00 (ebook)

Power and the History of Peace and Conflict Studies: Disremembering Gladdys Muir and the First Peace Studies Program

ABSTRACTThis article examines a silence in the histories of the formation of peace and conflict studies as an academic field, focusing on the elision of a female‐identified academic: Gladdys Esther Muir. Muir occasionally appears in histories as a datapoint in peace education chronologies where she is listed as the director of the first peace studies program in 1948 at Manchester College with very little accompanying detail. This article asks: who was Muir and why was her scholarly work absent from the histories of peace and conflict studies? To respond to these questions, I examine two narrative sites that engage with her work. One site is a 1955 book arguing for a science of peace, and the other site is a series of reflections produced in 1989 on Muir's 1947 scholarly paper arguing for a particular focus in peace studies within Church of the Brethren colleges. In the first narrative site an epistemological silencing is contributed to a “Matilda” effect in peace and conflict studies, and in the second site implicit gender biases affected how Muir was engaged and remembered. I conclude by proposing the ways that Muir's scholarship suggests reframing important questions in peace and conflict studies today.

Conceptualising how much educational psychology service is needed in England: a historical review

ABSTRACT Recent research reported difficulties in recruiting and retaining sufficient numbers of educational psychologists (EPs) to complete an increasing workload within local authorities (LAs). As part of a wider research project, The Association of Educational Psychologists (AEP) commissioned the University of Manchester to research how much EP workforce is needed in an English LA context. This literature review contributes an understanding of how EP sufficiency could be measured. With recognition of how legislative and social contexts have shaped the EP profession and perceptions of it, this review aims to understand how EP service sufficiency has been variously understood and represented. Alongside an expert consultation group of EPs, a scoping review was identified as an appropriate method of synthesising the existing evidence relevant to this aim. Through a search of 28 relevant pieces of literature, spanning 1968–2023, these measures were discussed. It is recommended that a “workforce planning modelling”, as undertaken in respect of other professions, would provide a more coherent approach to conceptualising and planning for the EP workforce.

The association between oral health and risk behaviours of university students.

Young adults are exposed to a variety of risk-related behaviours such as alcohol, smoking, and changes in dietary habits, which may result in unknown outcomes in their oral health. There is limited evidence on whether different risk behaviours are associated with oral health behaviours in the university student population. This study gathers data on the behaviours of students in their first year of university, which will inform the future development of oral health behaviour change interventions for this population. This longitudinal quantitative survey involved 205 first-year students aged 18-24 at the University of Manchester. Students completed online questionnaires at baseline and again at a 6-month follow-up interval, providing information regarding self-reported oral health status, hygiene routines, and risk behaviours (e.g., diet, smoking, alcohol). The findings showed associations between oral health behaviours with risk behaviours, including links with oral care routines, bleeding gums, brushing frequency, with exercise, vaping, and unhealthy food and drink intake. Significant changes over the two-time points were also observed, including the worsening of the self-reported condition of the teeth (p < 0.001), a reduction in the self-reported condition of the gums (p = 0.004), a decrease in brushing frequency (p = 0.003), fewer regular dental visits (p = 0.013), more students intending to visit their previous dentist rather than finding a new dentist at university (p = 0.026), and greater consumption of unhealthy non-alcoholic drinks (p = 0.003). Positive changes over time included reduced frequency and units of alcohol consumption (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001), fewer instances of binge drinking (p = 0.014), and less frequent consumption of unhealthy foods (p = 0.034). The findings highlighted the complex relationship between oral health and risk behaviours in this demographic. Poorer oral health behaviours were linked to engagement in risk behaviours. Thus, oral health behaviours should be targeted alongside other risk behaviours, and tailored interventions should be developed to improve behaviours among university students.

“A Daily Jolt into Another World”: Gendered Risk and Cultural Difference in Student Lodgings at the Victoria University of Manchester

ABSTRACT For much of the twentieth century, most university students who left home to study lived not in university residences but in lodgings with local householders. Despite their critical role in absorbing ever-expanding student numbers, lodgings were regarded with ambivalence by the civic universities. Whilst lodgings fulfilled the practical need for somewhere to live, university authorities were concerned that their conditions were not always conducive to the “life of the mind” and were particularly problematic for students lacking prior familiarity with higher education. This paper explores this ambivalence, with a particular focus on the Victoria University of Manchester. It notes early concerns regarding the management of gendered risk, and broader anxieties regarding conflicting class cultures in the post-war decades. It is argued that these historical perceptions of lodgings reveal much about the changing nature of both the typical student and the lodging house over the course of the twentieth century.

The power of an open door: student partnership and supportive transition to higher education

ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study on the development and implementation of an online pre-arrival resource at the University of Manchester, aimed at enhancing the sense of belonging among first-year undergraduate offer holders. The resource leverages student-staff co-creation, inclusive pedagogy and student-led content to support new students' transition to university. It was designed to be applicable to all first-year undergraduate offer holders, easily accessible online and representative of the diverse experiences of incoming students. The resource includes a custom to-do list function, allowing students to prioritise and navigate topics at their own pace and to take control of their transition experience. The paper discusses the theoretical framework guiding the resource, the consultation process with stakeholders and engagement metrics from early iterations. The paper highlights the importance of inclusive and representative communication in fostering a sense of belonging and the impact of small, targeted initiatives in creating a positive student experience.

Metronidazole is a chromatographic interference on a routine HPLC-UV assay for thiopurine metabolites.

Thiopurine metabolites, 6-thioguanine (6TG) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6MMP), are monitored to aid therapeutic management of thiopurine drugs. At Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), thiopurine metabolites are measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Whole blood samples are lysed and subjected to hydrolysis with derivatisation of 6MMP before HPLC-UV detection at 304nm for the 6MMP-derivative and 342nm for 6TG. For some samples, 6MMP cannot be reported due to a chromatographic interference at 304nm co-eluting with the 6MMP peak. An investigation was performed to identify the interfering compound. Patient medication histories were examined to identify candidate compounds for the interference. Candidate compounds were spiked into blood at supraphysiological concentrations and tested on the assay. Metronidazole was identified as being prescribed to all patients whose samples demonstrated the interference. Metronidazole and its metabolite, hydroxymetronidazole, were spiked into blood. HPLC-UV analysis of spiked blood demonstrated similar UV absorbance patterns to those seen in patient samples with the interference. Hydroxymetronidazole co-eluted with 6MMP causing interference in the measurement. Metronidazole and its major metabolite can interfere with 6MMP measurement by HPLC-UV analysis at 304nm.

The price of knowledge: universities and slavery in Anglo-American perspective

ABSTRACT This article centers on the different ways that English and American universities have uncovered, publicized, and responded to their historical connections to transatlantic slavery. It argues that these differences reflect how national publics engage with their institutions of higher learning, and English campuses lack of the physical traces of enslavement that exist at some American universities, allowing the former’s students and faculty to view unfree labor as something that existed elsewhere. The author uses her home institution, the University of Manchester, as a case study of the challenges and prospects for this sort of enquiry in the UK context.

High-resolution 3D visualization of human hearts with emphases on the cardiac conduction system components-a new platform for medical education, mix/virtual reality, computational simulation.

High-resolution digitized cardiac anatomical data sets are in huge demand in clinical, basic research and computational settings. They can be leveraged to evaluate intricate anatomical and structural changes in disease pathology, such as myocardial infarction (MI), which is one of the most common causes of heart failure and death. Advancements in high-resolution imaging and anatomical techniques in this field and our laboratory have led to vast improvements in understanding cardiovascular anatomy, especially the cardiac conduction system (CCS) responsible for the electricity of the heart, in healthy/aged/obese post-mortem human hearts. However, the digitized anatomy of the electrical system of the heart within MI hearts remains unexplored. Five post-mortem non-MI and MI human hearts were obtained by the Visible Heart® Laboratories via LifeSource, Minneapolis, MN, United States (with appropriate ethics and consent): specimens were then transported to Manchester University with an material transfer agreement in place and stored under the HTA 2004, UK. After performing contrast-enhanced micro-CT, a visualization tool (namely Amira) was used for 3D high-resolution anatomical visualizations and reconstruction. Various cardiovascular structures were segmented based on the attenuation difference of micro-CT scans and tissue traceability. The relationship between the CCS and surrounding tissues in MI and non-MI human hearts was obtained. 3D anatomical models were further explored for their use in computational simulations, 3D printing and mix/virtual reality visualization. 3D segmented cardiovascular structures in the MI hearts elicited diverse macro-/micro- anatomical changes. The key findings are thickened valve leaflets, formation of new coronary arteries, increased or reduced thicknesses of pectinate and papillary muscles and Purkinje fibers, thinner left bundle branches, sinoatrial nodal atrophy, atrioventricular conduction axis fragmentation, and increased epicardial fat in some hearts. The propagation of the excitation impulses can be simulated, and 3D printing can be utilized from the reconstructed and segmented structures. High-resolution digitized cardiac anatomical datasets offer exciting new tools for medical education, clinical applications, and computational simulation.

Evaluating Growth in Dry Socket Publications: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Dry socket, a common postextraction complication, occurs when the blood clot in the tooth socket fails to form or is dislodged, leading to severe pain and delayed healing. This study aimed to analyze the publication trends and key features of dry socket research published from 1905 to 2024 worldwide.A quantitative bibliometric approach was employed to extract data from the Web of Science database. The search strategy included Topics = ("dry socket" OR "alveolar osteitis") and covered publications up to December 31, 2024. The search captured all types of documents to provide a comprehensive overview. The study analyzed and extracted several bibliometric parameters, including the classification of clinical versus nonclinical studies, level of evidence, trends in research, and citations over time, as well as information on the leading journals, countries, institutions, authors, and top keywords. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel (version 16, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA)and VOSviewer (version 1.6.10, Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands) software. Our search identified 713 documents, averaging 18.85 citations per publication. Most studies were clinical, and level 2 was the most frequently observed level of evidence. Approximately 82% of the publications were released in the past 24 years, from 2001 to 2024. Over one-third of the literature was published in the top 10 journals, with the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery being the most preferred. The United States produced the most research and had the highest citation impact. The Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences contributed the largest number of publications, while The University of Manchester had the highest citation impact. Majid Eshghpour was the most productive author. The most influential keywords identified were "dry socket", "alveolar osteitis", and "tooth extraction". This bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the evolving body of research on dry sockets, offering a clear picture of the leading topics, influential journals, and key contributors shaping this field. Future research efforts should continue to build on these findings, focusing on innovative clinical interventions, preventive measures, and further exploration of less studied areas.