The Dictionary of the Latvian Language [Latviešu valodas vārdnīca] is a unique general scientific dictionary of the Latvian language, which was started in the 1880s by Kārlis Mühlenbachs (1923–1932), then edited, supplemented, and completed by Jānis Endzelīns and Edīte Hauzenberga-Šturma (1934–1946). It is both an explanatory and a translation dictionary with features of an etymological and synonym dictionary (Nespore et al. 2006). In 1994, the digitization of the dictionary and its additional volumes was started at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia. In 2002, the electronic version of the dictionary (MEV) was published. It contained 132,718 entries. To make the dictionary more accessible, in 2024–2025, the MEV application was modernized and integrated with the Tēzaurs.lv platform (Grasmanis et al. 2023; Mīlenbaha-Endzelīna vārdnīca 2000–2025). The article discusses the digitization process and methods of the resource, as well as outlines directions for future work.

Some engineers who graduated from Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) linked their lives with maritime affairs – they built ships, trained future sailors, and managed the work of the Maritime Department. RP/RPI graduates and students have made significant contributions to maritime affairs in Russia, Latvia, Poland, and Germany. A course in shipbuilding was taught at RPI, which was later taken over by the University of Latvia (UL). RP graduate Professor Charles Clark (1867–1942) was one of the best-known and most prolific designers of ships, including the icebreaker «Krišjānis Valdemārs», until World War II; RPI graduate (1914) Admiral Teodors Spāde (1891–1970), Commander of the Latvian Navy (1931–1940), worked in Latvia in the interwar period. «Polytechnicians» headed the Maritime Department (1927–1939; 1942–1944) and worked as teachers in maritime schools, taught maritime-related courses at the University of Latvia, and wrote about maritime issues in the press.

Life peatcarbon project: The role of peatlands for climate change mitigation Dr. biol. Māra Pakalne from the University of Latvia provides insights into the LIFE PeatCarbon project by exploring the significance of peatlands in mitigating climate change. Peatlands are vital for biodiversity and water regulation, but remain among Europe’s most threatened ecosystems. The LIFE PeatCarbon project brings together experts from Latvia and Finland, with partners in Germany and Denmark, to demonstrate how peatland restoration and greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring can deliver scalable climate solutions and strengthen regional collaboration.

Abstract In 2004 the Dendrochronological Laboratory was established as a new structural unit under the Institute of Latvian History at the University of Latvia. Absolute data were obtained for 248 wooden structures at 94 historical sites in Latvia. These consist mostly of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and, less commonly, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), along with certain structures of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The compiled tree-ring chronologies cover an overall period of approximately 1000 years. Historical structures in present-day Latvia were often constructed using timber grown under diverse environmental conditions. This study summarises the main results of dendrochronological dating conducted in the laboratory, including the types of dated historical sites and wooden structures, and examines several factors that influence the accuracy and effectiveness of the dating process.

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown spring cereal in Latvia. The aim of the research was to determine soil tillage system and precrops influence of spring wheat flag leaf area and grain yield quality indicators. Field trials were carried out at the Research and Study farm “Peterlauki” study site “Poki” (56º30.658’ N and 23º41.580’ E) of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (LBTU) at year 2024. Spring wheat ‘Berlock’ was grown with two soil tillage systems (conventional and minimal soil tillage) and three different precrops (winter wheat, winter oilseed and spring oilseed rape). The flag leaf area (cm2) has been analyzed by using scanner STD4800 and specialized computer software WinFOLIA. The determination of the yield components, grain yield (t ha-1) and straw yield (t ha-1) was made by sample sheaf analysis. Grain quality indicators: crude protein content; starch content; gluten content and Zeleny index, thousand grain weight were determined in Grain and seed study and research laboratory at LBTU. Significant differences (p<0.05) between soil tillage systems were found in flag leaf area and length. A strong positive correlation was observed between grain yield and flag leaf area r=0.854 for conventional and r=0.958 for minimal soil tillage system. Sample sheaf analysis showed significant differences in spike mass and grain weight. Among grain quality indicators, gluten content differed significantly and significant differences were associated with the precrops (p<0.05). It should be noted that in the 2024 growing season, July saw increased precipitations at the trial site.

Field trials were conducted at the Study and Research Farm “Peterlauki” (56°53' N, 23°71' E) of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Soil characteristics: sod-stagnogley soil; granulometric composition – heavy dusty sand clay. Soil agrochemical parameters: pH KCl 6.7; organic matter content – 26 g kg-1; phosphorus content – 60 mg kg-1 P2O5; and potassium content – 144 mg kg-1 K2O. Winter wheat sowings were established using different variants of a fertilizer mix with cattle (from JSC “Ziedi JP”) manure digestate (D) and wood ash (P) (from LLC “Gren Jelgava”) in different ratios. The norms of the innovative mixed fertilizer for cattle manure digestate and wood ash were 5, 10, and 20 t ha-1. Unfertilized winter wheat plots were used as control. Variants in the two-factor trial were randomized in triplicate. In the experiment, the influence of the researched factors on winter wheat grain yield, the content of starch and protein in grains, grain volumetric weight (kg hL-1), and the mass of 1000 grains were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of biogas fermentation by-product (digestate) and cogeneration plant and boiler house residues (wood ash) on the yield and quality of winter wheat. Depending on the study variant, the winter wheat yield varied from 4.26 to 9.03 t ha-1. It was established that the average winter wheat grain yield in the control variant was 5.29 t ha-1, which is significantly (p<0.05) lower (5.94 t ha-1) than in the variants using fertilizers of digestate and wood ash mixtures. Using digestate and wood ash mixtures, sufficiently high and high-quality winter wheat yields can be obtained without the use of mineral fertilizers. The mixtures of digestate and wood ash are an innovative fertilizer way for improving the soil fertility, which is also suitable for winter wheat.

The aim of this research is to understand the complexity of student’s and teaching staff behavior and experience in times when study work in real auditoriums is mixed with remote learning. Since 2020, the author has conducted an annual survey of several hundred students of computer science at the University of Latvia and Riga Technical University for 5 years about the possibilities, usefulness, problems, satisfaction, benefits and visions of remote and distance learning. The study shows the dynamics of changes in student opinions and technical capabilities over these 5 years, including COVID and post-COVID periods. The author offers a model of productive study work that includes mixed methods, Moodle e-course management and advanced technologies, increasing student responsibility in remote work in an environment where some technical problems and artificial intelligence are present, to achieve the best possible result.

The article presents the results of an experimental studies aimed at improving the technology of organic soybean cultivation through the application of biological preparations, namely the inoculant «RIZOLINE-r» (based on Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains) and plant biostimulant «KALNINI». The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biological techniques on the morphogenesis, symbiotic efficiency, photosynthetic potential and biochemical parameters of soybean grain. The studies were conducted in 2024–2025 in controlled greenhouse conditions at the AgriHortS Institute of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. The study involved three soybean varieties («Laulema», «Paradi», «Tiguan»), two inoculation schemes (control and treatment with «RIZOLINE-r» at a rate of 3 l/t) and three variants of foliar application of «KALNINI» (no treatment in phase V3, in phase R2). The survey included assessment of morphometric parameters, symbiotic activity (number, weight and colour of tubers), photosynthetic potential (SPAD index), yield and protein and fat content in grain. The findings showed that the separate use of «RIZOLINE-r» increased nodule number by 48.9 %, SPAD- value – by 16.6 %, yield – by 22.4 %, and protein content – by 1.2 % compared to the control. Foliar application of «KALNINI» contributed to the increase of these indicators by 28.9; 10.2; 13.3 and 0.9 % respectively. The maximum values were achieved with the combined use of both preparations: tuber growth +64.4 %, SPAD +25.8 %, yield +35.7 %, protein +1.9 %, fat +0.8 % compared to the untreated control. A close positive correlation was established between the photosynthetic SPAD index and yield (r = 0.86), bubble and protein mass (r = 0.74), SPAD and fat content (r = 0.97). This allows us to recommend the combined use of «RIZOLINE-r» and «KALNINI» as an effective element of soybean cultivation technology under organic farming conditions to stimulate symbiosis, activate photosynthesis and improve the quality indicators of the crop. Key words: organic farming, soybean, inoculation, biostimulant, symbiosis, photosynthesis, yield, biochemical composition.

Competitive Intelligence (CI) refers to the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of information about a business, its external environment, and the overall business context to support strategic decision-making. As the environment becomes increasingly complex and dynamic, the need for CI becomes more pronounced. In recent years, the field of CI has undergone significant transformation, driven by technological innovations, the demand for real-time information, and a rise in interdisciplinary approaches. These developments are reflected in recent academic publications, which increasingly focus on topics such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), business intelligence tools, innovation support, the role of education, global collaboration and competition, and the evolution of interdisciplinary work. Emerging trends include the integration of AI and big data analytics, which are fundamentally changing how organizations collect and process information. AI-powered systems facilitate real-time analysis of large datasets, uncovering patterns and trends that would be difficult to identify manually. This transformation enhances decision-making by delivering timely and actionable insights. For instance, predictive analytics—enabled by machine learning algorithms—allow businesses to anticipate market shifts, identify emerging competitors, and optimize strategic actions (Sun et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2021). The use of AI in CI is expected to continue growing. Advanced systems not only automate routine data collection tasks but also support more sophisticated analyses, offering deeper insights and more accurate forecasts. AI is also increasingly recognized as a catalyst for innovation within organizations, fostering the development of new products and services. This connection between AI and innovation underscores the importance of cultivating an organizational culture that values knowledge acquisition and environmental awareness (de las Heras-Rosas & Herrera, 2021). As CI tools and methodologies evolve, the demand for professionals with both technical and analytical skills is rising. In response, educational institutions are updating curricula to include data science, business analytics, and information management. Beyond technical competencies, CI professionals must also develop soft skills such as critical thinking, adaptability, and ethical decision-making (Freyn & Hoffman, 2023; Calof & Cekuls, 2023). Lifelong learning and continuous professional development are essential to keep pace with new tools and practices. Many academic programs now emphasize simulations and case-based learning to better prepare future CI analysts for real-world challenges. Given the growing complexity of CI tasks, interdisciplinary expertise—combining knowledge from business, technology, psychology, and communication—is increasingly vital. Collaboration across disciplines and industries will further accelerate the advancement of CI methodologies, ensuring that intelligence practices remain relevant in a rapidly changing business landscape. This synthesis of knowledge and practice will help CI become a more integrated and strategic function that underpins organizational success. As organizations continue to navigate uncertainty and complexity, CI will play a critical role in enabling proactive and informed decision-making. Looking ahead, improved data integration and interdisciplinary collaboration will be key drivers of CI’s evolution, ensuring that organizations remain agile, innovative, and competitive. Accordingly, the Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business (JISIB) is receiving a growing number of submissions on contemporary CI applications. These publications aim to connect scholars and professionals in the CI field, fostering ongoing dialogue and development. I would like to express my gratitude to all contributors to this issue. On behalf of the Editorial Board, Sincerely Yours, Prof. Dr. Andrejs Cekuls University of Latvia, Latvia

83^rd International Scientific Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Latvia: Basic Medical Science and Pharmacy

83^rd International Scientific Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Latvia: Oncology

83^rd International Scientific Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Latvia: Clinical Medicine

83^rd International Scientific Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Latvia: Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine

83^rd International Scientific Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Latvia: Public, Mental Health, and Epidemiology

83^rd International Scientific Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Latvia: Maternal, Child Health and Neurology

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 35 • Number of submissions sent for review: 35 • Number of submissions accepted: 34 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 97.1 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2.03 • Total number of reviewers involved: 5 • Contact person for queries: Name: Inga Grinfelde Email: inga.grinfelde@lbtu.lv Affiliation: Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies

Abstract: The labor market is shaped by the demand and supply of the workforce, influenced by national economic growth and various political processes. These factors can alter the demand for certain professions. The interaction between the education sector and employers is crucial to ensure that educational programs prepare specialists needed in the labor market. This study examines the labor market in the field of spatial planning in Latvia, including planner professions, job positions, vacancies, and the associated requirements and duties. Spatial planning, as an interdisciplinary field aimed at improving the quality of places, encompasses various professional disciplines such as territorial planning, urban planning, transportation, environmental, economic, and community planning. The work of a spatial planner includes several distinct professions and job positions. While at the local level in Latvia, the focus of spatial planners is more on territorial planning. The findings indicate systemic issues in the field of planning and a gap between the qualifications prepared by the University of Latvia's Spatial Development Planning Master's program and the job market. The study calls for further discussions on the meaning and significance of spatial planning in the context of sustainable development and suggests updating the professional standard for spatial planners to better align with labor market demands. Key words: spatial planning, competence, profession, labor market, Latvia

Field trials were conducted at the Study and Research Farm “Peterlauki” of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies from 2020 to 2023. Soil characteristics: sod - stagnogley soil Luvisols (according to FAO classification); granulometric composition – heavy dusty sand clay. Winter wheat sowings were established using different variants of a fertilizer mix with cattle (from JSC “Ziedi JP”) manure digestate (D) and wood ash (P) (from LLC “Gren Jelgava”) in different ratios. The norms of the innovative mixed fertilizer for cattle manure digestate and wood ash were 5, 10, and 20 t per ha. Unfertilized winter wheat plots were used as a control. Variants in the two-factor trial were randomized in triplicate. In the experiment, the influence of the researched factors on winter wheat grain yield, the content of protein, starch and gluten in grains, Zeleny index, grain volumetric weight (kg per hL), and the mass of 1000 grains were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of biogas fermentation by-product (digestate) and cogeneration plant and boiler house residues (wood ash) on the yield and quality of winter wheat. Depending on the study variant, the winter wheat yield varied on average three years from 6.29 to 7.39 t per ha. It was established that the average winter wheat grain yield in the control variant was 5.05 t per ha, which is significantly (p<0.05) lower than in the variants using fertilizers of digestate and wood ash mixtures. Using digestate and wood ash mixtures, sufficiently high and high-quality winter wheat yields can be obtained without the use of mineral fertilizers. The mixtures of digestate and wood ash are an innovative fertilizer way for improving soil fertility, which is also suitable for winter wheat.

Purpose – The goal of this research was to identify the need for networking competencies in social enterprises rated by the managerial personnel of social enterprises and academic staff of universities in Latvia. Research methodology – A survey among representatives of Latvian social enterprises and academic staff of Latvian higher education institutions (HEIs) was conducted. The data was processed by means of average ranking, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and one-way-ANOVA test. Findings – The analysis of the results of Latvian survey revealed that: 1) social enterprise per- sonnel and university academic staff rated the role of networking competencies in social enterprise performance differently; 2) social enterprises rated cooperation with local governments higher and with industry associations as less important than the group of university academic staff. Research limitations – The research is limited to the analysis of only networking competencies. Practical implications – The research results contribute to the institutional framework for the social entrepreneurship ecosystem through recommendations to universities in creating training programmes of social entrepreneurship competencies. Originality/Value – The conducted empirical study is the first study of its kind in the Latvian social enterprise ecosystem, and it offers unique data that can be used for planning the development of networking competencies.

This study investigates a high-flowrate, multi-channel electromagnetic permanent magnet pump (EMP) by comparing experimental and numerical results obtained using an electrical potential (inductionless) method. Experimental data, including pressure, flowrate, power, temperature, and magnet system rotation speed, were collected using EMP in the TESLA-EMP loop at the Institute of Physics, University of Latvia (IPUL) in Salaspils. A numerical calculation under linebreak the same conditions was performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics commercial software. A steady-state MHD calculation, employing the k-ε turbulence model while neglecting the induced magnetic field was performed. The results indicate qualitatively good agreement in the developed pressure under insulating inner wall conditions, suggesting a poor electrical contact between the sub-channels and a relatively low slip magnetic Reynolds number. Figs 9, Refs 4.