University Of Cracow Research Articles

Praktyki pedagogiczne w szkole jako kluczowy element... uniwersyteckiej profesjonalizacji nauczycieli w Polsce

The article presents an analysis of the process of practical preparation of future teachers for performing professional functions. The legal acts concerning the organization of teacher education in Poland were reviewed, and the role of school practices in the development of teaching competences of students of pedagogical universities was also recognized. A separate chapter of the article concerns the organization of didactic and psychological-pedagogical practices at the Pedagogical University of Krakow. It presents the results of a preliminary study on the effectiveness of practices in the assessment of students. The research group consisted of students of the teaching specialty. The results showed a significant role of cooperation with the student’s school supervisor and favourable working atmosphere during the school practice for the future teacher competence formation. Students highly value the school practice experience, so it is important to develop close cooperation between pedagogical universities as the main centres for teacher education and different types of schools, in order to provide the necessary conditions for the organization of effective school practice for the students-future teachers.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal central nervous system: Timing and consistency between pre- and postnatal diagnoses.

It has been shown that a proper comparison of prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is possible only in the case of a short interval between tests. However, it is worth noting that the reference test is a postnatal examination. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of time between prenatal MRI (pMRI) and postnatal examinations on the consistency of diagnoses. The prospective observational study was carried out between 2014 and 2017 at the Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology of Krakow University Hospital. In total, 60 patients with fetuses suspected of central nervous system (CNS) defects were included in the study group. PMRI examinations were conducted in the third trimester of pregnancy. The median gestational age of pMRI was 35 weeks and median of the time interval between carrying out pre- and postnatal test was 34.5 days. In the group of nonconcordant diagnoses, the interval was longer. The analysis did not show a statistically significant relationship between consistency of diagnoses and timing of pMRI. The median time of pregnancy at which pMRI was performed was similar in both groups. A prolongation of the interval between examinations reduced the probability of consistency of diagnoses. The number of inaccurate results increased with the prolongation of the interval between pre- and postnatal tests. Prolongation of the interval between pre- and postnatal increases number of inaccurate results.

Thermoluminescence response of various dosimeters as a function of irradiation temperature

The behavior of various TL dosimeters following two different thermal treatments with temperature ranging between 50 and 230 °C, was investigated in this particular study. The thermal treatment consists of two different protocols, including a simultaneous irradiation-heating and a post irradiation heating. The dosimeters that are the subject of the present study include two different families of lithium fluorides, namely the Harhsaw LiF family (TLD-600, TLD-700), LiF of the Krakow university (MTS-600, MTS-700), BeO and the commonly used CaSO4 samples with two different impurities (Dy and Tm). According to the analysis, it seems that the TLDs and MTS-600 are identical with regard to their characteristics, while MTS-700 is different. The treatment showed that the intensities of peak 5 of all LiF samples increases up to 20–30% at 110 °C which is followed by a decrease, while the high temperature peaks of LiF showed a high dependence on the treatment temperatures. As for the case of BeO, one peak has a minor increase of 10% at 80–90 °C and a decrease up to 230%, while the other is stable. CaSO4 samples show no increase and there is a decrease starting at 150 °C. Also, this work studied the kinetic parameters of all peaks for these samples via the computerized glow curve deconvolution method. In the end, there is a categorization of the LiF samples based on their properties and their glow curves. Lastly, the results indicate that the lack of strong increase of the TL response with increasing irradiation temperature for the majority of the TL peaks of these aforementioned phosphors does not support strong competition effects. A notable exception is observed for the high temperature TL peaks in all LiF samples regardless of whether these were purchased from Harshaw or from Poland.

Eighty-Five Years of the Polish Biographical Dictionary at 17 Sławkowska St., Cracow

The Polish Biographical Dictionary (Polski Słownik Biograficzny, abbr. PSB) is one of the most prestigious publications in Polish historiography. Published since 1935, with the editorial board domiciled in Cracow, at 17 Sławkowska St.; from 1935 to 1949, under the patronage of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences [PAU], 1958–99 – Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences [IH PAN]; since 1999 – both PAN and PAU, with IH PAN acting as the publisher. During the eighty-five years of its existence (temporarily discontinued during the Second World War and the Stalinist period, 1949–58), fifty-two volumes with almost 28,000 biographical entries were published, arranged alphabetically – from ‘Abakanowicz’ to ‘Taube’, and chronologically spanning from the legendary King Popiel until persons who died in 2000. The Dictionary was founded by Władysław Konopczyński, a professor of the Jagiellonian University of Cracow, who was its first editor-in-chief (in 1935–49). Professor Emanuel Rostworowski, his former student and editor-in-chief in 1964–89, heavily contributed to bringing the project up to top standard, which was maintained by his successors, literary historians Professor Henryk Markiewicz (1989–2002) and, from 2003 onwards, Professor Andrzej Romanowski. Between December 2014 and 2019, more than 8,500 entries were digitalised and made available at: www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl.

Data Mining in Entrepreneurial Competencies Diagnosis

The aim of the paper is to diagnose the entrepreneurship competency levels among students to identify differences in competencies and their levels regarding gender, material status, and professional situation. In addition, the goal of the analysis is to indicate the competencies that need to be strengthened among individual groups of students. The research was conducted using a questionnaire by The European Entrepreneurship Competence (EntreComp) framework that was sent to students at the Pedagogical University of Cracow and the Rzeszow University. The rule induction method enabled us to discover dependencies that were not obvious among different competencies of respondents and their status. The research revealed that the surveyed women had completely different competencies than men. Good financial status has a positive impact on the self-assessment of competencies and worse-cause difficulties in assessing business ideas. Unemployed students need stimulation to take action, seek funding, share ideas, and protect them. Students running their businesses are able to identify market needs. The results revealed the following implications: It is important to verify the EntreComp methodology to examine how different groups are evaluating their entrepreneurial competencies; the data mining technique enables discover of new knowledge based on regularities hidden in data; and the results can be used to tailor special teaching programs for developing skills that individual subgroups lack.

Digital literacy and e-learning experiences among the pre-service teachers data.

The data show different issues connected with the digital literacy of pre-service teachers. The data were collected in 2019 among 450 teachers of pedagogical studies in Poland. The research was conducted in the biggest Polish university that trains educational staff, the Pedagogical University of Cracow. The data describe issues related to the self-evaluation of digital literacy in using text editors, spreadsheets, and presentation and graphic software. They also describe experiences with e-learning: participation in obligatory online classes, searching for information on the Internet, participation in paid and free e-learning courses, and participation in informal study groups.

Samoocena zdrowotnych kompetencji informacyjnych studentów – wyniki badania pilotażowego studentów kierunku bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne na Uniwersytecie Pedagogicznym w Krakowie


 Health information is one of the groups of information that are most widely searched online. The ability to effectively search through the web, process the data and use it properly are all essential components of health information competences. Furthermore, contact with low-quality health information may bear negative effects for the users of such advice. On the basis of source literature analysis, the article presents a definition of the term “health information competence”, gives examples of skills within this competence, discusses negative consequences of low-level health competence and cites example research projects in the field of assessing health information competence. The publication also presents the results of a pilot study (diagnosis) entailing the self-evaluation of health information competencies of health security students at the Pedagogical University of Cracow. It has been pointed out that students declare having a high level of health information competence, especially in finding and understanding health information.

ІНТЕНЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ І ПОЛЬСЬКИХ СТУДЕНТІВ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИННИХ ЗАХОДІВ У ПЕРІОД ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19:

Метою наукової статті є з’ясування інтенцій українських студентів у період карантинних заходів щодо протидії розповсюдження пандемії Covid-19 та порівняння їх з інтенціями польських студентів, а також окреслення шляхів запобігання деструктивним настроям молоді в кризових епідеміологічних ситуаціях.У дослідженні використана авторська методологія польського соціолога професора П. Длугоша, яка зреалізована для опитування студентів Краківського Університету, а її адаптована версія – для опитування українських студентів 28 закладів вищої освіти України (25.03.2020-06.04.2020).Для вирішення цілей наукової роботи було уточнено поняття «інтенцій»; обґрунтовано їх базові індикатори та верифіковано їх у соціологічному вимірі наявного рівня і характеру інтенцій українських і польських студентів у критичній ситуації жорсткого карантину щодо протидії пандемії Covid-19.У роботі презентовано результати опитування українських студентів, порівняно із польськими студентами; з’ясовано, що інтенції українських і польських студентів практично ідентичні і носять у більшості з них конструктивний і оптимістичний характер; доведено, що вони виявляються через суб’єктивну оцінку розуміння ними критичності ситуації, потребу в систематичному оновленні інформації про стан розповсюдження захворюваності на коронавірус та протидії йому, здатність саморефлексувати і покладатися на власні сили у протистоянні з пандемією, умотивованість не піддаватися песимістичним настроям і відшукувати засоби підтримки доброго самопочуття у період карантину.Разом з тим з’ясовано, що третина українських і 40 % польських студентів відчувають сумнів у своїх силах і можливостях самостійно протистояти наслідкам пандемії і звертаються за допомогою до близьких людей або до вищих сил (Бога), а кожний десятий респондент відчуває панічні настрої стосовно існуючих загроз пандемії.У роботі окреслено дієві шляхи формування конструктивних інтенцій у студентів та молоді і перспективні напрямки подальших соціологічних досліджень з цієї проблематики. Стаття емпірична.

Educational Challenges in Shaping the Entrepreneurship of IT Students

One of the key success factors in the IT industry is innovation. It is an integral part of this industry and determines its development and, in addition, there are clear links between innovation and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in the IT industry is of significant economic and social importance as it currently affects virtually every sphere of our lives. This means huge challenges for the education system in the field of entrepreneurship education among future IT specialists. The aim of the article is to analyze entrepreneurial attitudes among IT students, as well as to identify opportunities and barriers to entrepreneurship development in the IT industry in the context of educational challenges. The author formulated the following main research issue: What are the educational challenges in the field of entrepreneurship of IT students? In the research, a survey questionnaire was used for IT students at the Pedagogical University of Krakow. Research has shown that in IT studies, the importance of shaping soft competences, which are necessary for running a business, are largely omitted. They should build confidence, which is very important for people who would like to start their business however are afraid of failure, and it is the main barrier to entrepreneurship development in the IT industry. Creative activities that stimulate business ideas also play an important role in educating entrepreneurship in IT students.

Libri Principis e as Ilustrações de Fauna e de Flora do Brasil Holandês

Este artigo aborda um conjunto de ilustrações de flora e de fauna realizadas durante o governo de Maurício de Nassau no Brasil Holandês, no século 17, conhecido como Libri Principis: dois volumes encadernados com desenhos e pinturas realizadas entre os anos de 1637 e 1644 no Brasil, por artistas e cientistas de sua comitiva. Apesar de existirem por quase quatro séculos, os Libri Principis têm recebido pouca atenção, sobretudo de historiadores da arte, tendo sido considerados desaparecidos desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial até 1977, quando foram encontrados na Biblioteca Jaguelônica da Universidade de Cracóvia, na Polônia. O objetivo principal de minha pesquisa foi o de estudar esse material buscando conhecer sua trajetória histórica e investigar como, por que e por quem foi produzido. Para isso foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica extensa e pesquisa sobre as técnicas pictóricas utilizadas pelos artistas viajantes da época. Entre as conclusões, destacamos o interesse e a estreita relação de Maurício de Nassau com o desenvolvimento da História Natural europeia e a inserção dos Libri Principis no amplo contexto do desenvolvimento artístico, científico e tecnológico do século 17.

The Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Forecasting of Air Temperature inside a Heated Foil Tunnel

It is important to correctly predict the microclimate of a greenhouse for control and crop management purposes. Accurately forecasting temperatures in greenhouses has been a focus of research because internal temperature is one of the most important factors influencing crop growth. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a powerful tool for making forecasts. The purpose of our research was elaboration of a model that would allow to forecast changes in temperatures inside the heated foil tunnel using ANNs. Experimental research has been carried out in a heated foil tunnel situated on the property of the Agricultural University of Krakow. Obtained results have served as data for ANNs. Conducted research confirmed the usefulness of ANNs as tools for making internal temperature forecasts. From all tested networks, the best is the three-layer Perceptron type network with 10 neurons in the hidden layer. This network has 40 inputs and one output (the forecasted internal temperature). As the networks input previous historical internal temperature, external temperature, sun radiation intensity, wind speed and the hour of making a forecast were used. These ANNs had the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value for the testing data set (RMSE value = 3.7 °C).

TŁUMACZENIE NA OBRAZKI. O ILUSTRACJACH WIERSZY DLA DZIECI JULIANA TUWIMA

The article address certain problems connected with illustrating Julian Tuwim’s poems for children, or, in other words, translating them into images. It approaches this issue from the perspective of a specialist in visual communication rather than a literary scholar. The observations made by the author are based on a survey conducted among the illustrators of one of the most well-known, recent editions of Tuwim’s poems and the first-year students of graphic design at the Pedagogical University of Cracow. The article points to a number of challenges that a contemporary illustrator of Tuwim’s works is faced with.

CZYNNIKI OSOBOWOŚCIOWE W PROCESIE PRZYSWAJANIA I UŻYCIA JĘZYKA OBCEGO – KWESTIA EWALUACJI WYPOWIEDZI USTNEJ

Communication in a foreign language requires activation of numerous, not necessarily linguistic, competences. As recent studies suggest, in order to facilitate this complicated process, people tend to put on different masks and change their personality-related behaviours. Such behavioural changes seem to be typical for testing situations when students’ actions are additionally influenced by stress. Drawing on her own observations and teaching experience, the author of this article strives to point to the correspondence between the manifestation of some behaviours resulting from students’ personality makeups and the effectiveness of their spoken performance in a foreign language. By directing readers’ attention to this correlation, she wants to underline the importance of personality training for the sake of effective communication in a foreign language. Additionally, this article presents the results of a survey conducted among 54 students of English at the Pedagogical University of Cracow – the data collected shows that students intentionally alter their personality-related behaviours in an attempt to earn higher scores on their oral exams. The direction of these changes might constitute useful advice for less experienced foreign-language test-takers.

CYBERBULLYING IN THE LIGHT OF CHALLENGES OF SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION

The main goal of the paper is to present opinions about cyberbullying prevention in Poland in the light of teachers’ experiences. The authors show the current state of knowledge of electronic aggression and cyberbullying among the youths. They also present an overview of the difficulties educators face, the challenges and expectations of kids and youth regarding media prevention, as well as challenges related to the effectiveness of the modern, innovative prevention of risky behaviours. The study was conducted in the Pedagogical University of Cracow, in the first half of 2019, using a focus group method. The results provide new guidelines and findings which may be valuable for school practice and media pedagogy. The interviewed teachers declared that the effectiveness of the hitherto implemented preventive activities varies. They declared their need to develop their own digital literacy and were willing to participate in trainings focused on the practical aspects of anticipating cyberbullying and solving difficult cases (e.g. related to sexuality, image protection or attacking teachers via the Internet). The respondents admitted the necessity of joining efforts with police and local community institutions when solving the cyberbullying-related problems.

Are students at Krakow universities turning to energy-boosting dietary supplements?

Recent studies have revealed an increase in the consumption of dietary supplements including frequency of use of caffeine, which is addictive and potentially harmful in higher doses. Energy drinks include high doses of caffeine and are particularly targeted at young people. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of use of caffeine-containing energy products, associated factors and understanding the associated side- effects in university students. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among students of the 5 largest Universities in Krakow. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level. Around 35% of respondents reported the use of different supplements including high doses of caffeine. Frequency of caffeine-containing products consumption was significantly higher in female students compering to males. Also, those respondents who originated from big cities were more likely to use caffeine-containing products. The study revealed that these substances were also more popular among those participants who study economics. Most students use these substances in order to reduce feeling tired and the duration of sleep, others mainly to increase concentration prior to examinations. Almost one fourth of the group who used these substances admitted to having experienced some sideeffects in the past. They suffered mainly from insomnia, but also from excessive stimulation and muscle trembling. Almost half of the substances users did not know of any potential side-effects. Attempts should be made to increase public awareness of the side-effects of these substances, particularly among the student population. These campaigns should be targeted especially at female students who come from bigger cities. This study is a step towards drawing attention to this issue.

Meandry projektowania architektury informacji serwisu internetowego na przykładzie strony Huba.news


 The paper presents the history of the creation of the Huba.news website. During the period of active operation from April 2016 to January 2018, the service served as a kind of research laboratory in which were tested navigation solutions, a search system and the use of personalization mechanisms. Conducted by Interia measurements of user activity made it possible to verify the theoretical assumptions about how to create a navigation structure for their future use in other services of the portal Interia.pl. The Huba.news website also had a didactic function. His CMS was a tool made available to students of the Pedagogical University of Krakow, who could familiarize themselves with the practical issues of the editor’s work on the website.

Muzeum Podręcznika Biblioteki Głównej Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego

The collection of the Main Library of the Pedagogical University of Krakow has a special subcollection of textbooks, didactic materials and publications on teaching methods. These books have been withdrawn from the current teaching programs. The collection contains many interesting textbooks from the oldest, from 19th century, to the latest, from the beginning of the 21st century, which were discarded in the last reform of education.

Działalność gospodarcza i kariera zawodowa a zaangażowanie w proces studiowania

Artykuł podejmuje próbę sprawdzenia wybranych cech przedsiębiorczych wśród studentów w odniesieniu do ich zaangażowania w proces studiowania oraz potencjalnego zaangażowania jako pracowników. Głównym celem jest zweryfikowanie, na ile badani posiadają chęci do prowadzenia własnej działalności gospodarczej, oraz jaka jest ich świadomość związana z prowadzeniem takiej działalności. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono na 138 studentach Wydziału Politologii Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. KEN w Krakowie. Studenci biorący udział w badaniu zadeklarowali duże zaangażowanie w zdobywanie wiedzy oraz wysoko ocenili swoją komunikatywność. Nieco gorzej wypadają ich zaangażowanie w realizację dodatkowych przedsięwzięć oraz zdolności przywódcze. Stosunkowo spora grupa respondentów miała problem z określeniem swojego zaangażowania w studia. Badani studenci nie wykazywali skłonności do długiego dnia pracy, 98% z nich uznało, że mogłoby pracować osiem lub mniej godzin dziennie. W przypadku choroby badani studenci wykazali się dość dużym poświęceniem, niemal połowa mogłaby dalej pracować, o ile choroba nie byłaby ciężka, natomiast 22% badanych uznało, że starałoby się pracować z domu. Niewielu badanych, bo 14%, uznało, że nie będzie pracować na zwolnieniu lekarskim. Pytania zawarte w ankiecie nie dotyczyły wprost posiadania cech przedsiębiorczych, jednak deklarowane postawy studentów można odnieść do ich predyspozycji przedsiębiorczych i gotowości do prowadzenia własnej działalności gospodarczej.

Migracja, studia i praca. Studenci z Ukrainy w Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

MIGRATION, EDUCATION AND WORK. STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE IN ANDRZEJ FRYCZ MODRZEWSKI KRAKOW UNIVERSITYThe paper presents results of the survey carried out by the author among students – citizens of Ukraine – who study at Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University. The survey has been aimed not only at social and demographic profiling of the group, but also at outlining dominant reasons that encouraged young Ukrainian citizens to choose Poland, Krakow, and the Frycz Modrzewski University as their education centre; at assessing attractiveness of the studying, adaptation in a foreign country, contacts with the Poles both inside and outside of the academy. Based on the results of the survey the attractiveness of studies in Poland results from the membership of Poland in the European Union, recognition of the high level of education in Poland, relatively low costs of studies compared to the other European countries, and geographical and cultural proximity of Ukraine and Poland.

Insomnia and the level of stress among students in Krakow, Poland.

Stress and insomnia are increasing problems in young people in highly developed countries. They influence both the physical and psychological aspects of life and seem to be related to each other. Various strategies to cope with stress exist and can be used to reduce its level. The main goal of our study was to find a relationship between insomnia, stress, stress-coping strategies and selected social and medical factors among students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2017 among students of seven public Krakow universities, using the Perceived Stress Scale 10, an abbreviated version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory (mini-COPE inventory) and the Athens Insomnia Scale. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square, Student's t test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. A total of 264 students aged 22.22±1.5 years were involved in the study. High stress levels occurred in 10% of the respondents. A statistically higher level of stress was revealed in people suffering from chronic diseases (p=0.006) and in cigarette smokers (p=0.004). The most common stress-coping strategies were active coping and planning. Insomnia was present in 19.7% of the students. Insomnia level was correlated with the intensity of perceived stress (p=0.00; r=0.44). According to our study, one tenth of Krakow students perceive a high level of stress, and one fifth of the respondents suffer from insomnia. There is a strong positive correlation between level of insomnia and level of stress. To ensure high quality of life, problems such as stress and insomnia should be taken into consideration by every general practitioner.