This study examined the effect of forensic accounting techniques on fraud detection in universities in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by persistent financial irregularities, including misappropriation of funds, falsified documents, and inaccurate financial reporting, despite the existence of conventional auditing systems. The aim was to determine the influence of data mining tools, document examination techniques, and ratio and trend analysis on fraud detection. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 398 accountants and audit staff drawn from three universities: University of Ibadan, Ajimobi Technical University, and Dominican University. Using Taro Yamane’s formula at a 0.05 margin of error, a sample size of 200 was determined through stratified purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire validated by experts and pilot-tested. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha with coefficients above 0.70. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression in SPSS (Version 25) at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that data mining tools had a significant positive effect on reducing financial irregularities (R = .368, R² = .136, F(1,193) = 30.299, p < .001, β = .368). However, document examination techniques (R² = .004, p = .382) and ratio and trend analysis (R² = .004, p = .381) did not show significant effects. The study concluded that technology-driven forensic tools were more effective in fraud detection than traditional analytical approaches within the sampled universities. It was recommended that universities prioritize investment in data mining technologies, strengthen staff capacity in forensic accounting, and develop integrated forensic frameworks to enhance fraud detection and financial transparency.

This study determined the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring therapy (CRT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) on internet addiction of University undergraduates in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design. The multi-stage sampling technique was used. Three universities were randomly selected: the University of Ibadan, Ibadan; Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso; and the National Open University, Ibadan Centre, located in Oyo State. They were assigned to the CRT, MET, and control conditions, respectively. Forty undergraduates with high internet addiction in the screening instrument were purposively selected from each university. Participants were randomly assigned to the CRT (37), MET (38), and control (40) groups, resulting in a total of 115 participants completing the study (attrition rate: 4.2%). The treatments lasted for eight weeks. The Internet addiction scale (r=.86) and Internet addiction screening scale (r=.81) were used for pre- and post-test, respectively. Data were subjected to analysis of covariance and estimated marginal means post-hoc test at a 0.05 significance level. There was a significant main effect of the treatments on internet addiction among university undergraduates (F(2, 111)=25.605, p<.05, η2=.316), with participants in the CRT (M=31.515) having the lowest mean compared to those in the MET (M=41.554) and control groups (M=50.098). The observed effectiveness of CRT compared to MET may be explained by CRT's targeted focus on identifying and modifying maladaptive cognitive patterns. This study recommends that educational/counselling psychologists adopt both interventions to reduce internet addiction among university undergraduates.

This study aims to establish diagnosis in a suspected case of rabies in a locality in Ibadan, Nigeria using the most readily available histopathology method. The case involves a stray dog with unknown age and vaccination status. The dog was reported to have bitten five different individuals in Irepodun area of Ibadan on the same day. The dog was euthanized, decapitated and the head submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan for histopathological diagnosis of rabies. The brain was carefully examined for gross lesions and selected tissue samples were prepared for histopathological evaluation. The tissueslides sections of the brain, salivary glands, and the Gasserian ganglion were screened for histopatholical lesions with light microscope. Gross examination of the brain revealed congestion of the meninges. Salivary gland revealed moderate, non-suppurative, multifocal, necrotizing sialoadenitis. Gasserian ganglion shows severe, non-suppurative, necrotising ganglioneuritis. The brain showed presence of acute, non-suppurative, necrotising, meningo-encephalitis. The combination of the clinical history with the histopathological changes confirmed rabies diagnosis.

Assessing ofgenetic diversity isessential for identifying useful alleles for crop improvement. This study evaluated genetic diversity among two cassava breeding populations for total carotenoid content (TCC), dry matter content (DMC), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration using trait-linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Atotal of360 genotypes were analysed, including 261 from the IITA breeding programme (Population 1), 23progenitor lines, and 76 from the University ofIbadan Cassava (UIC) breeding programme (Population 2). Minor allele frequency (MAF), gene diversity (GD), observed heterozygosity (H_e), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were computed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were performed to examine genetic variation and population structure. Call rates were high (96–100%). MAF ranged from 0.00 to 0.50, with mean values of 0.28, 0.28, and 0.29 for Population 1, Population 2, and progenitors, respectively. GD averaged 0.36, 0.36, and 0.35 across these groups. Observed heterozygosity was 0.42, 0.41, and 0.43, while PIC values averaged 0.29, 0.27, and 0.27 for Population 1, Population 2, and progenitors, respectively. PCA and clustering analyses grouped the genotypes into three clusters containing 257, 88, and 15 genotypes. The first two principal components explained 39.1% of the total genetic variation. The results indicate substantial genetic diversity among the studied genotypes, suggesting strong potential for allele pyramiding and highlighting the informativeness of the SNP markers used.

Anemia continues to be one of the most common and overlooked complications in early breast cancer, caused by inflammation related to tumors, iron storage, and treatment-induced suppression of the bone marrow. Determining the root cause of anemia is essential for enhancing treatment and improving patient results. This review examines the potential diagnostic significance of the Mentzer index a ratio of mean corpuscular volume to red blood cell count as a straightforward, affordable method for distinguishing anemia patterns in early breast cancer. Historically utilized to differentiate iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia trait, recent findings indicate that MI might also represent the erythropoietic and inflammatory changes linked to malignancy. A narrative review method was utilized, consolidating existing literature (2015–2024) regarding the mechanisms of anemia in breast cancer, red blood cell indices, and biomarkers for iron metabolism. Research from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was evaluated to investigate the diagnostic and pathophysiological connections between the Mentzer index and anemia associated with cancer. Results show that increased MI values in early breast cancer frequently relate to functional iron deficiency due to hepcidin-induced iron blockage and inflammation-related suppression of erythropoiesis. On the other hand, low or normal MI levels might indicate mixed or nutritional anemia conditions. Incorporating MI with biomarkers like ferritin, transferrin saturation, and red cell distribution width improves diagnostic accuracy, especially in resource-constrained environments. The Mentzer index, while rooted in tradition, could offer a significant hematologic insight into anemia types in early breast cancer, enabling personalized interventions and enhanced treatment preparedness. Peer Review History: Received 4 December 2025; Reviewed 11 January 2026; Accepted 13 February; Available online 15 March 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg Reviewers: Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, toonitaiwo@yahoo.com Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan, tanveerahmedkhan754@gmail.com

This study aims to assess Quality Control (QC) tests, determine the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD), and establish Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) for patients undergoing X-ray examinations at the University of Osun Teaching Hospital (UniOsun) and Union Diagnostic Centre (UDC), Osogbo, Nigeria. Demographic data from 334 patients, along with exposure parameters (kVp, mAs, FFD, and FSD), were recorded using a specially designed questionnaire with the assistance of radiographers. A one-time QC assessment test was conducted to verify the compliance of the X-ray machine with the international standard using a Gammex 330 Digital kV, dose, and time meter obtained from the National Institute for Radiation Protection and Research at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. As referenced in the literature, a mathematical model was used to calculate the ESD (mGy) for various X-ray examinations conducted at UniOsun and UDC. Statistical analysis of the results was performed, and the 75th percentile for ESD was calculated. The results indicated that the mean highest ESD belonged to the Skull (0.047±0.001) mGy and Lumbar spine (1.76±0.48) mGy, and the lowest ESD belonged to the Elbow (0.012±0.002) mGy and Elbow, Hand, Wrist (0.39±0.06) mGy for UniOsun and UDC, respectively. The LDRL of the ESD ranged from (0.014-0.048) mGy to (0.42-2.29) mGy at UniOsun and UDC, respectively. In conclusion, the findings revealed a significant variation in ESD across different examinations and centres, highlighting the necessity for tailored dose optimisation strategies to ensure patient safety while maintaining diagnostic quality.

Plant invasions are a worldwide occurrence that have detrimental impacts on the environment. Monitoring the status of invasive species in tree crops and forest plantations is essential for informed management decisions. This study identified weed species in selected tree crop and forest tree plantations in Ibadan to evaluate the prevalence of invasive weed species within the plant community. A systematic sampling design was employed for the enumeration of weed species in the plantations (Oil palm and Teak plantations in the University of Ibadan, and Mango and Organic Citrus Orchards in the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan). Weed species rooting within 56, 58, 48 and 60 quadrats (1 m x 1 m) in oil palm, teak; mango and citrus respectively were identified and enumerated. The density and frequency of the weed species were calculated following standard procedure and Relative Importance Values (RIV), Shannon-Wiener, Dominance and Jaccard’s Similarity indices were further determined. Invasive species like Alternanthera brasilliana (6.96% RIV in Oil palm), Chromolaena odorata (9.95% in Teak), Andropogon tectorum (7.58% in Mango) and Tithonia diversifolia (7.56% in Organic Citrus) were present in the plantations. The Shannon-Wiener index was relatively high and ranged from 2.81 to 3.21 while the dominance index was low and ranged from 0.05 to 0.09 in the plantations. The Oil palm plantation and Organic orchard were most similar (73.68%) while Oil palm and Teak plantations were least similar (20.76%) based on weed species. Invasive species were present in the plantations, and this may lead to suppression of indigenous species.

Background: Duck is very high in protein and fat content, and could be required in Africa to meet the shortfall in animal protein; due to its potentials like high feed efficiency, early maturity, high disease resistance and adaptability among others. Aims: To identify polymorphic forms of exon 7 of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) gene in locally adapted Mallard and Muscovy duck breeds in Nigeria. Methodology: Case-control study with candidate gene approach could not be used due to monomorphic results obtained from gel electrophoresis analysis of the extracted DNAs from both breeds. Samples collection was carried out at some markets in Ogun State while the laboratory work was carried out at the Animal Science Laboratory of University of Ibadan between May and June, 2023. 80 ducks; 40 Mallard and 40 Muscovy ducks were used to carry out the study. Blood samples of 3 ml each, were collected from 80 ducks. Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein; of 40 mallard breed and 40 Muscovy breed. The DNA was extracted and amplified using exon 7 LPL gene primer and HinfI digestive enzyme. The products obtained from PCR-RFLP were analyzed with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: 33 of all the samples in both Mallard and Muscovy were amplified. The percentage of which was 37.50% for both breeds. While 18 of Mallard samples were amplified, 15 of Muscovy were amplified and their percentages were 22.50% and 18.75% respectively. Considering the percentage of each of the breeds that were amplified, Mallard percentage of amplified sample was 45% while that of Muscovy was 37.5%. Similar gel patterns was obtained in all amplified samples. Therefore, there was no polymorphism detected at exon 7 of LPL gene but instead the breeds were monomorphic. The result obtained could be due to fewer population of selected samples, non polymorphic of the gene at exon 7 and it may also be as a result of closeness in relationship due to proximity of birds sampled from one another. Conclusion: Further studies can be carried out using larger sample size or other restriction enzymes in order to validate the results obtained in this study, and provide insight into the variations within each breed and many other Nigerian locally adapted ducks at the LPL gene locus.

Background and Aim of the Study: The status of naturalised understory herbs serves as a key indicator of habitat change within forest ecosystems on both local and global scales. Petiveria alliacea, a low-growing, naturalised shrub, forms dense community patches, particularly along secondary forest edges and disturbed areas. Its increasing exploitation for multipurpose uses raises significant concerns regarding its conservation, biodiversity, and the health of ecosystems. This study assessed the composition, abundance, and spatial–temporal differences between P. alliacea and other understory plant species within selected secondary forests of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Data and Methodology: Floristic surveys were done at the University of Ibadan’s Teaching and Research Farm (TRF), Botanical Garden (BG), and Department of Botany (DB). At each site, systematic sampling was employed during wet and dry seasons over two consecutive years, establishing four transects at 50 m intervals. Each site has eight 25 m² plots with 40 quadrats laid (35 at the Department of Botany). Relative Importance Value (RIV-%) was calculated to determine species dominance, while the Jaccard Similarity Index (SCJ-%) was used to compare species composition across sites and seasons. Results: Species richness was higher in BG (52 species, 28 families) and DB (51 species, 28 families) than in TRF (41 species, 21 families), with greater richness during wet seasons across all sites. Petiveria alliacea exhibited the highest RIV across seasons and years in TRF and BG, and during dry seasons in DB. Peak RIV values occurred in dry seasons, whereas the lowest values were recorded during wet seasons. Species composition similarity was highest between wet seasons within the same sites and lowest between dry and wet seasons across different sites. Conclusion: Petiveria alliacea is a dominant, fast-spreading species with pronounced spatial and temporal variation but poses no serious threat in the short term to the heterogeneity of the landscape, suggesting its ecological compatibility as a pioneer plant within the secondary forest.

The importance of Building structures in the study of Architecture cannot be overemphasized due to its immense contributions and applications in Architectural designs and Building construction. The courses provide the students the needed knowledge and theoretical foundation to understand how building stands, rigid, durable, and beautiful. The courses assist the students to understand structural concepts, loads distribution, behavior of materials under different loads, and how to prevent structural failure that may lead to collapse of buildings in Nigeria. As importance as the courses are, traditional methods of teaching are the predominant methods of teaching Building structures across all Nigerian universities despite its shortcomings, and low performance of students in the courses in which the literature acknowledged. Therefore, there is need to evaluate these traditional methods been used in teaching the courses to Architecture students in Nigerian universities in order to improve on the methods used, performance of students and to better their understanding in Building structures. The study employed descriptive survey and the research approach adopted was quantitative. It focused on Architecture students of public universities in Southwestern Nigeria universities fully accredited by National Universities Commission (NUC) and Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON). Five public universities were sampled out of fifteen approved universities with departments of Architecture in Southwestern Nigeria. The universities were: Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Ondo state; Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile ? Ife, Osun State; University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Lagos state; University of Ibadan (UI), Ibadan, Oyo state and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The principal survey techniques used was questionnaire. The population for the study was one hundred and twenty five (125) students. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, and Likert scaling. The study revealed that tradition methods of teaching are purely used to teach Building structures in Nigerian universities. It was also revealed that the methods affected the performance of students? coupled with lack of proper understanding, inadequate teaching materials and aids, and unavailability of building software to teach the students. The study concluded that there is urgent need to move from traditional to modern methods to teach Building structures in Nigerian universities by adopting a blend of theoretical knowledge, technological proficiency with digital communication such as Building structures software, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Revit, ETABS, SAP2000, Teckla, Digital modeling and 3D stimulation into the curriculum to teach Architecture students in order to improve on their performance.

This special edition of the Ghana Library Journal features six carefully selected papers from an international conference hosted by the Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana. Held from October 30 to 31, 2024, under the theme “Fostering Research on Information Behaviour and Digital Literacy in Africa,” the conference attracted a diverse community of scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Organised in a hybrid format, the event welcomed participants from across Africa and beyond, reflecting the global relevance and reach of its core themes. A highlight of the proceedings was the keynote address delivered by Professor Wole Michael Olatokun of the University of Ibadan, whose insights offered a foundation for the conference’s central theme. The event also proudly welcomed Emeritus Professor Anaba A. Alemna of the University of Ghana as guest speaker, whose distinguished contributions to the field and ongoing mentorship were warmly acknowledged by participants. Throughout plenary sessions, breakout groups, and post-panel dialogues, the conference sparked rich conversations across a wide array of topics: from the rise of open access and AI-powered archives to the evolving role of libraries as digital learning spaces, and the practical challenges of data protection in public services. What emerged was a shared commitment to building inclusive, responsive, and ethically grounded information systems for the continent.

Introduction: Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and debilitating mental health condition characterised by excessive and persistent worry over various aspects of life. GAD poses significant challenges for university students, affecting their physical health, academic performance, and overall well-being. Investigating the prevalence of probable GAD among students of the University of Ibadan allows for targeted interventions tailored to their unique needs. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable GAD among Master of Public Health (MPH) students at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving a total of 170 MPH students, who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from the respondents. The GAD-7 scale was adapted to measure anxiety levels, categorising respondents as GAD negative (≤9) or GAD positive (>9). The Chi-square test was used to determine associations between variables at α= 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 27.5 ±4.7 years, and the prevalence of probable GAD among them was 37.6%. Academic stress (70.6%) was the most reported risk factor for GAD, with a significant association between the prevalence of probable GAD and the respondents’ workload (p=0.006). Conclusion: Prevalence of probable GAD was observed among the respondents, indicating the need to enhance the academic well-being of future public health leaders.

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact an estimated 150 million people worldwide each year, with diabetes making up a sizable portion of those afflicted. The prevalence and contributing variables of urinary tract infections among patients with diabetes mellitus in the medical ward at Al-Kwait University Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, were evaluated as part of the study. Materials and Methods: In this cross-section study, 454 DM patients, referred to the medical ward at Al-Kwait university hospital clinics in Sana'a, Yemen. A urine culture was performed by collecting a clean, sterile urine sample (midstream urine) then culturing it, and isolating and identifying the causative bacteria. For collecting data, a standard questionnaire was used that included clinical, demographic, and risk factor information of UTI in DM. Results: The mean patient age was 48.2 years, with 73.1% being ≥ 40 years old. The crude prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in diabetic patients was 21.8%, higher in males (27.03%) than females (17.6%). The highest prevalence was in age groups 30-39 years (48.2%) and 20-29 years (47.4%), while the lowest was in those ≥ 40 years (16.3%) and under 20 years (19.2%). Common pathogens included Escherichia coli (42.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (34%). Conclusion: The study concluded that 99/454 (21.8%) of diabetic patients had urinary tract infections (UTIs). Therefore, the study recommends providing health education to diabetic patients about the causes of UTIs and how to prevent them. Peer Review History: Received 7 October 2025; Reviewed 14 November 2025; Accepted 13 December; Available online 15 January 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Reviewers: Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, Yemen, alhaddadster@gmail.com Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, funbimbola@gmail.com

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of global morbidity and premature mortality, with increasing involvement of younger adults in Pakistan. Despite this trend, limited evidence exists regarding the level of cardiovascular awareness among non-medical university students, a group representing a large proportion of the young adult population. This study assessed their understanding of cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and recognition of early warning symptoms. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among two hundred non-medical university students in Lahore. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess knowledge of cardiovascular disease types, major risk factors, and symptoms of myocardial infarction and stroke. Results: Knowledge levels varied across different domains. Nearly half of the participants were unable to identify a single cardiovascular condition, although commonly known heart attack symptoms such as chest pain were frequently recognized. Awareness of atypical myocardial infarction symptoms and stroke warning signs was comparatively low. Students demonstrated better understanding of lifestyle related risk factors including smoking, unhealthy diet, stress, and high cholesterol, whereas physical inactivity and diabetes were less frequently identified. Conclusions: The study highlights important gaps in cardiovascular knowledge among non medical university students, particularly in symptom recognition. Strengthening structured cardiovascular education within universities and expanding community based preventive services may help improve awareness and support earlier response to cardiovascular risk among young adults. Peer Review History: Received 2 October 2025; Reviewed 11 November 2025; Accepted 13 December; Available online 15 January 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com Reviewers: Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, toonitaiwo@yahoo.com

Digital transformation (DT) has become essential for university libraries seeking to remain relevant in the evolving digital information landscape. This paper examines the concept, drivers, challenges, and prospects of digital transformation in university libraries, with particular reference to the Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. DT is conceptualised as the strategic integration of digital technologies into library operations, services, and culture to enhance access to information and support teaching, learning, and research (TLR). The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to highlight key drivers of DT, including technology-related continuous professional development, management support, funding and ICT infrastructure, staff capacity building, and policy frameworks. The paper further explores global trends in digital transformation and contrasts them with the Nigerian context, where progress is evident but constrained by infrastructural deficits, inadequate funding, limited digital competencies, and organisational resistance to change. The Kenneth Dike Library is presented as a case study, illustrating its transition from manual systems to an in-house integrated library system, digitisation initiatives, institutional repository development, and adoption of emerging technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence. Findings reveal that digital transformation efforts are influenced by operational, contextual, and strategic challenges. Key lessons include the importance of leadership commitment, strategic planning, staff training, and user- centered service design. The study also proposes a harmonised Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework, alongside a practical roadmap for implementation. The paper concludes that despite existing challenges, digital transformation offers significant opportunities for enhancing service delivery, improving access to scholarly resources, and positioning university libraries as central hubs in the digital academic ecosystem. Also, recommendations for effective adoption and implementation of DT are made.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a gynecological disorder that affects the quality of life and academic performance of women of reproductive age. It is managed with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, which may result in side effects that could be long term. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a noninvasive and cost-effective procedure that does not require drugs in pain management, but there are low awareness and limited use of TENS among young women. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceived readiness to use TENS for PD among female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a structured self-administered questionnaire to gather data from 289 females with the use of a multistage sampling technique. The questionnaire was used to measure respondents' knowledge of TENS, perceived readiness to use TENS, and barriers to its utilization, along with sociodemographic characteristics. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25.0, using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics at a 0.05 significance level. The mean age of the respondents was 22.4 ± 2.6 years. More than half of the respondents (79.9%) had poor knowledge of TENS, although over half (59.9%) of respondents were willing to use TENS for PD management. The main factors inhibiting the use of TENS were cost (67.1%) and limited awareness (68.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents with a monthly allowance of ₦5000-₦49,000 were 0.362 times less likely to have positive readiness for TENS. In contrast, the odds of positive readiness of TENS were 3.246 times higher among Adult Education female students (OR = 3.246, p = 0.020) and 2.693 times higher among Economics female students (OR = 2.693, p = 0.038) when compared to students of Veterinary Medicine. This study showed that most of the respondents had poor knowledge about the use of TENS. However, most of the participants were willing to use it. Limited awareness, financial constraints, and accessibility issues were identified as major barriers to the utilization of TENS. It is therefore important to enhance health education and digital literacy among female undergraduate students to encourage them to use online sources to learn about innovative, nonpharmacological options such as TENS for improving reproductive health and overall well-being.

This study examines Ph.D. students’ perceptions of Turnitin’s effectiveness in detecting plagiarism and the departmental strategies used to address its limitations at the University of Ibadan. The focus is on disciplines that face technical writing challenges, namely English, History, Law, Cultural and Media Studies, and Gender Studies. Anchored in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen Ph.D. students drawn from the Faculty of Arts (five from English and five from History), the Faculty of Law (two students), and the Institute of African Studies (two from Cultural and Media Studies and one from Gender Studies). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal two major themes: students’ perceptions of Turnitin’s utility and limitations, and departmental adaptive strategies. While participants acknowledged Turnitin’s usefulness in promoting academic integrity, they expressed concerns about its high rate of false positives, particularly in legal citations, and its limited capacity to detect non-English and archival sources. These challenges contributed to low response efficacy and high response costs, including extensive citation reformatting. In response, departments adopted adaptive measures such as post-field seminars, pre-submission Turnitin checks, paraphrasing guidance, and supervisory support. These strategies reflect high response efficacy and self-efficacy within the PMT framework. However, their largely informal implementation highlights the absence of institutional standardisation. The study recommends the development of formal, discipline-sensitive plagiarism policies, including the establishment of a departmental or university-wide plagiarism review committee and customised Turnitin settings for specific disciplines. Training for supervisors and postgraduate students on interpreting similarity reports is also advised. Such measures would strengthen academic integrity, reduce inequities in thesis evaluation, and improve the effectiveness of plagiarism detection across diverse academic fields.

Background : Student engagement in medical education encompasses thevarious ways students participate in institutional management, educationalprocesses, research activities, and community-oriented initiatives.Alignment between student and faculty perceptions is essential for thesuccessful design and implementation of engagement strategies. This studyuses the AMEE ASPIRE framework to measure the perceptions of studentsand faculty across key domains.Methods:This cross-sectional study surveyed 555 medical students fromthe University of Ibadan and University of Ilorin and 65 faculty membersfrom the University of Ibadan. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSSStatistics version 27. Frequencies and percentages were generated for allAMEE ASPIRE perception items. Chi-square tests were used to examinedifferences between perception levels and respondent category (studentsversus faculty), with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results:While both students and faculty generally reported positiveperceptions of student engagement, there were notable differences inperception about institutional governance. Students reported significantlystronger perception for involvement in vision and mission development(89.7% vs 66.2%; p<0.001), committee representation (95.7% vs 87.7%;p=0.006), policy development (92.1% vs 64.6%; p<0.001), and leadershiproles in curriculum development (86.1% vs 56.9%; p<0.001). Conversely,both groups showed high support for student participation in the school'seducation programmes, academic environment and in service delivery.Conclusion:Significant perception gaps were identified in institutionalgovernance engagement. Addressing these disparities will requireformalising faculty-student partnerships and enhancing existing platformsfor meaningful collaboration.

Due to a combination of factors such as exposure to solar radiation alongside overexploitation of tree resources, Africa is badly struck by climate change. The use of modern technologies on farms is minimal, and economies of countries in this region are agriculture-dependent. This necessitated conduct of an experiment that sought to better understand how a certain goat breed (West African Dwarf) responded to varying weather conditions. The Goat Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan was the experimental location. Thirty West African Dwarf does were grouped into six treatments in a completely randomised design based on varying coat colours viz: all Black, all Brown, all White, White/Black, White/Brown and Brown/Black. The study was carried out during the low temperature humidity index (THI) – June, July, August. Parameters determined include Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate, Rectal Temperature. Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity were also measured, while THI was estimated. All parameters were determined twice daily. Data obtained from the study were subjected to ANOVA at α0.05. It was observed that average daily Pulse Rate was significantly lower in White does (53.65±2.28) than those of other colours, except for White/Brown (54.65±2.47). Rectal temperature was significantly lower in White does (38.65±1.04) than those of other colours. Respiratory rate was significantly lower in Brown/Black does (52.10±2.60) than White/Black (54.96±2.73) and Black does (54.70±5.04). Coat colour, could influence animals' survival. This study demonstrated that WAD does with lighter coat colors were better adapted to a humid tropical environment.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus drive the transmission of major arboviruses in West Africa, but their oviposition patterns and community structure across different levels of urbanisation in Nigeria remain poorly understood. To address this gap, ovitrap surveillance was conducted bi-weekly from July 2017 to April 2020 in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, covering four urban sites (Orogun, University of Ibadan, Samonda, and Ijokodo) and four semi-urban sites (Ojoo, Shasha, Idi-Ose, and Akingbile). Ovitrap positivity (OI) and egg density (EDI) were determined, and the collected eggs were subsequently reared to adulthood for morphological identification. A total of 6,558 ovitraps were deployed, of which 82.2% were recovered and 4,429 were positive, yielding 227,557 eggs. Ovitrap positivity varied across sites, with urban areas showing slightly lower but more variable values (74.5–83.1%) alongside higher egg densities (EDI = 57.5), whereas semi-urban areas recorded more consistent positivity (84.1%) but lower egg densities (EDI = 45.6). Urban areas were largely characterised by a strong dominance of Aedes albopictus (47.5%) and Aedes aegypti (38.8%). In contrast, semi-urban sites supported a more even mix, with Ae. aegypti (37.6%) and Ae. albopictus (36.1%) occurring alongside lower-density sylvatic species such as Ae. africanus, Ae. luteocephalus, and Ae. simpsoni. Species diversity and evenness were higher in semi-urban areas (Shannon H′ = 1.49; J = 0.76) than in urban areas (H′ = 1.20; J = 0.62). These findings demonstrate that urbanisation strongly influences Aedes ecology in Ibadan, with urban areas dominated by Ae. albopictus and characterised by higher egg production, creating conditions favourable for explosive arbovirus transmission, while semi-urban zones, with richer and more balanced assemblages including sylvatic species, may help maintain arboviruses between outbreaks. This study offers the first structured assessment of how oviposition patterns vary across an urbanisation gradient in Ibadan, underscoring the importance of adopting surveillance and control strategies that are tailored to local habitat transitions in order to effectively reduce arboviral transmission in fast-growing African cities