University Of Bordeaux Research Articles

Lessons learned in Andrology: revelations on a road less traveled.

Laureate Professor Aitken’s research career began with a PhD in reproductive biology from the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge under the supervision of RV Short. Following postdoctoral positions at the Institute of Animal Genetics, University of Edinburgh and the University of Bordeaux, he joined the World Health Organization in Geneva, where he managed two WHO task forces within the Human Reproduction Unit. In 1977, he was appointed to the Medical Research Council’s Reproductive Biology Unit, University of Edinburgh, to establish a research group in gamete biology with clinical outreach into male infertility. In 1998 he moved to the University of Newcastle, NSW, as Chair of Biological Sciences and, later, as Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development. He is currently Pro Vice Chancellor of the Faculty of Health and Medicine. John has published over 500 research articles and his work has been cited >27 000 times. He has received numerous awards including the Simmett prize for reproductive biotechnology and in 2012 was named as NSW Scientist-of-the-year. John is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Royal Society of New South Wales and the Australian Academy for Health and Medical Sciences. He is also a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and President of the International Society of Andrology.

News Article

News Article

Benzodiazepines: Experts Urge Balance

Benzodiazepines: Experts Urge Balance

Measurement of reflectivity of spherically bent crystals using Kα signal from hot electrons produced by laser-matter interaction.

In an experiment at the laser facility ECLIPSE of the CELIA laboratory, University of Bordeaux, we measure the reflectivity of spherically bent crystals that are commonly used to investigate the propagation of fast electrons through the Kα radiation they generate in matter. The experimental reflectivity compares well with predictions from a ray-tracing code that takes into account the specific geometry, although the crystals seem to suffer from aging problems.

Non-market valuation in France. An overview of the research activity Introduction

Many French universities have been active in the field of non-market valuation over the past two decades including the University of Aix-Marseille, Bordeaux, Lyon, Montpellier, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Strasbourg, Toulouse and Versailles. Several institutes have also been active in this field, including the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), the National Center for Scientific...

Total Lesion Glycolysis in Early-stage Non–small Cell Lung Cancer

University Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U-1045 and CHU de Bordeaux-F-33000 Bordeaux, France [email protected] Disclosure: No conflict of interest and source of funding are reported. This manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere.

Keynote Summary: Half a century on huanglongbing: learning about the disease, trying to control it

Keynote Summary: Half a century on huanglongbing: learning about the disease, trying to control it

Signal and model-based fault detection for aircraft systems

The paper presents several examples on model and signal based fault detection in aircraft Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS). The examples are taken from past and on-going research projects and actions between Airbus Group and the University of Bordeaux (France). The techniques presented have been tested on highly representative aircraft benchmarks, real flight data, or through realtime implementation on Airbus test facilities and real A380 flight tests. The focus is on specific problems associated with each design when it comes to providing viable technological solutions and mechanization schemes. One of the proposed model-based solutions has received certification on new generation Airbus A350 aircraft. It is a great achievement for SAFEPROCESS academic community as it demonstrates that a model-based fault detection technique is now flying (first commercial flight: January 15, 2015).

Alzheimer's Risk Rises With Chronic Benzodiazepine Use

BERLIN – Chronic use of benzodiazepines by elderly patients is associated with a 43%–51% increased risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 5–10 years later, according to a large case-control study. “Considering the extent to which benzodiazepines are prescribed in the elderly population and the growing incidence of dementia, unwarranted chronic use of benzodiazepines in the elderly should be viewed as a public health issue,” Sophie Billioti de Gage said at the annual congress of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Her case-control study used the Quebec health insurance database. The subjects were 1,796 elderly individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, each matched with four controls based upon age, gender, and duration of follow-up. The Quebec database permitted identification of all subjects with prescriptions for benzodiazepines during 2000–2009, a period 5–10 years prior to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. This substantial time lag was chosen because previous studies reporting a link between benzodiazepines and dementia have often been criticized for possible confounding due to reverse causality. That is, because many earlier studies featured a shorter interval between medication use and dementia diagnosis, skeptics argued that benzodiazepines might not have caused the dementia, but rather were prescribed to treat early manifestations of the disease, such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, and insomnia, explained Ms. Billioti de Gage, a PhD student at the University of Bordeaux, France. The database enabled her to determine how many cumulative days worth of benzodiazepine prescriptions participants filled during the study years, as well as whether the medications had a short or long half-life. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, and use of antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants during the period 5–10 years prior to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, the use of benzodiazepines was independently associated with a 51% increased risk of subsequent Alzheimer's, compared with nonusers. A dose-response relationship was apparent. Individuals with prescriptions for up to 90 days worth of benzodiazepines were not at significantly greater risk for future Alzheimer's disease than nonusers. Those with a cumulative 91- to 180-day exposure had a 32% increased risk compared with nonusers, however, and patients with more than 180 days of benzodiazepine use had an 84% increased risk. The association with later Alzheimer's disease was stronger in patients who used benzodiazepines with a half-life of 20 hours or longer. In a multivariate analysis they had a 70% greater risk of Alzheimer's, compared with nonusers. Patients who used a benzodiazepine having a half-life of less than 20 hours had a 43% increase in risk. When the multivariate analyses were further adjusted for anxiety, depressive symptoms, and insomnia – all of which can be prodromes of dementia – the results were not meaningfully altered, she added. This case-control study confirms the results of an earlier prospective population-based study by Ms. Billioti de Gage and colleagues. That French study also found a roughly 50% increased risk of dementia in elderly patients who initiated chronic benzodiazepine therapy (BMJ 2012;345:e6231). However, with only 1,063 participants, 253 of whom were diagnosed with dementia during 15 years of follow-up, the sample size was too small to draw firm conclusions. The current case-control study, with 8,980 subjects representative of the Quebec community-dwelling elderly population, is more persuasive, the investigator said. Guidelines recommend preferential use of short half-life benzodiazepines and short durations of use in the elderly; however, in clinical practice the medications are often used long-term. The biologic mechanism by which chronic use of benzodiazepines by elderly individuals might predispose to Alzheimer's disease hasn't been worked out, but the medications' short-term adverse effects on memory and cognition are well recognized. The case-control study was funded by the French Ministry of Health and the Funding Agency for Health Research of Quebec as well as by university grants. Editor's NoteOne more good reason not to use benzos indiscriminately. Although I am not sure this observed increase in dementia is cause and effect, we already have plenty of evidence that these drugs can be harmful, increasing falls and causing more disinhibition of behavior. And we have better drugs for anxiety (e.g., SSRIs) and insomnia anyway. Think twice before prescribing a benzo in this population, especially a long-acting one.—Karl Steinberg, MD, CMD Editor in Chief One more good reason not to use benzos indiscriminately. Although I am not sure this observed increase in dementia is cause and effect, we already have plenty of evidence that these drugs can be harmful, increasing falls and causing more disinhibition of behavior. And we have better drugs for anxiety (e.g., SSRIs) and insomnia anyway. Think twice before prescribing a benzo in this population, especially a long-acting one. —Karl Steinberg, MD, CMD Editor in Chief

Gender and Stress in Predicting Depressive Symptoms Following Stroke

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is associated with poor clinical and functional outcomes, and women are likely to experience PSD more than men. Although stress is related to depression, and women report greater emotional reactivity to stressful life events, the link between stress and gender is yet to be examined relative to PSD. Further, electronic momentary assessment (EMA), a mobile technology, has not been used to assess stressful life events and PSD in real time and in the natural environments of daily life. The purpose of the current study was to examine gender differences in the relationship of stress and PSD using EMA. Methods: Individuals admitted to the Stroke Center at the University of Bordeaux were contacted for participation in a prospective study of symptoms and experiences in daily life using ambulatory monitoring. Forty-three post-stroke patients (47% female) completed electronic assessments of life events, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms (i.e., sad mood, anhedonia, fatigue, concentration difficulties, appetite change, negative thoughts, hopelessness) during their daily life for one week. Patients also completed a clinician-administered standardized depression scale at baseline and three-month follow-up. Results: Using EMA, participants responded to 83.7% of the electronic interviews for a total of 1,140 observations across diverse daily life contexts. Stressful events of any degree of negativity were reported at over one-third (37.3%) of all EMA assessments. The severity of depressive symptoms as assessed in daily life through EMA was greater in women following stroke than in men. Further, there was a significant association between EMA-assessed depressive symptoms and daily life stress for women, but not men. This association was due primarily to three specific depressive symptoms: sad mood, fatigue, and appetite change. No difference was observed between men and women in standardized depression assessments administered during clinic visits at baseline or three-month follow-up. Conclusions: Greater reactivity to stressful life events and a link between stress reactivity and depressive symptoms were found in female as compared to male post-stroke patients. Gender differences in depressive symptoms were identified using EMA data collected during daily life as contrasted with the use of a standard assessment during clinic visits. Mobile technologies may help to identify important real-time behaviors and symptoms that are not observable by standard clinical assessments employed at regular clinic visits. Further, future research should examine the overall and gender-specific benefits of stress-based interventions to reduce the risk of PSD for adults.

Critical care nephrology: could it be a model of multidisciplinarity in ICU nowadays for other sub-specialities - the jury is out.

Emergency and critical care medicine have grown into robust self-supporting disciplines with an increasing demand for dedicated highly-skilled physicians. In the past, “core” specialists were asked to offer bedside advice in acute care wards. In the same regard, critical care medicine and nephrology have been fighting but finally emerged altogether with the concept of critical care nephrology almost 20 years ago. Indeed, polyvalence is no longer a valid option in modern critical care. Uniting forces between disciplines represents the only way to cope with the increasing complexity and cumulating knowledge in the critical care setting. For this reason, the wide array of upcoming acute care sub-specialities must be committed to unrestricted growth and development. This will require competent manpower, a well-designed technical framework, and sufficient financial support. The worldwide success of critical care nephrology proves the feasibility for this concept.

Web Services for Virtual Simulation

Great development in distance learning has been made in the last two decades facilitated by the rapid evolution of technology, the huge development of computer networks and the large use of internet and personal computers. The World Wide Web with its different web services offers learners and teachers’ new ways of learning and teaching; students can study at their own pace and perform practical tasks remotely. 
 We, at the University of Bordj Bou Arreridj, are involved in the eSience (rESeau maghrébIn de laboratoirEs à distance) project which aims to link three elabs around the Maghreb countries namely Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. The project is coordinated by the University of Bordeaux 1, France with the participation of many European partners. These elabs will propose practical and theoretical teaching units that will be part of their degree program. 
 In this paper we present our university’s platform architecture, focusing on the web interface. First we introduce the service broker, which allows students to communicate and use the various platforms of the network. Second we present the simulation server and give an example of its usage.

URBANIZATION: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO A COMPLEX PHENOMENON

On account of the complexity and universal character of the urbanisation process, many academic disciplines, including Social Work, focus on this phenomenon. Accordingly, definitions tend to diverge, while the key concepts and research methodologies of the various disciplines are typically at variance with one another. Such a situation makes interdisciplinary and comparative international studies on urbanisation challenging to execute. One such comparative study has been initiated by the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, and Bordeaux, France, promoting both interdisciplinary as well as intercontinental co-operation. The potential success of this interdisciplinary analysis arises mainly from the openness of concepts and methodologies as well as the judicious choice of cities. In addition, the selection of central questions and of shared themes appears to be important This paper will reflect on these issues by considering aspects of a recently launched interdisciplinary and international research programme. Some perspective, however, is needed beforehand on the two relevant concepts of interdisciplinarity and urbanisation

An analysis of viewpoints on education for responsible consumption in higher education

Purpose– This paper aims to present the authors’ views on education for responsible consumption (ERC) in higher education, and deals with major components to be considered to educate students for responsible consumption.Design/methodology/approach– There are three components that seem relevant for ERC in higher education: taught courses should be closely linked with research being carried out into responsible consumption, ERC should focus on a global approach to reducing ecological impacts by changing consumption behaviour and the diversity of situations in terms of specific characteristics of local administrative areas and populations must be properly understood to adapt ERC messages and actions to significant local features.Findings– The diversity of modes of consumption and the complexity inherent in responsible consumption mean that the issue of ERC has to be considered from a global, cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective. In the educational context, the wide variety of students, although creating some difficulties in terms of teaching, is nevertheless a positive factor, as it provides a cultural mix and encourages the appropriation of responsible consumption issues by all. Regarding the effectiveness of this type of ERC in achieving the expected outcome of reducing ecological impacts, assessment tools have to be introduced from student level to the level of the local authority as a whole.Originality/value– To reinforce these concepts and recommendations, this article highlights the master’s degree in “Human ecology: environmental challenges of the activities of production and consumption” (University of Bordeaux, France). This course is the only one in France to cover the issues involved in responsible consumption using a cross-disciplinary approach.

Huanglongbing or yellow shoot, a disease of Gondwanan origin: Will it destroy citrus worldwide?

JosephM. Bovewas born in Luxemburg, 1929. French citizen since 1968. Higher education: School of Agronomy and University, Paris, France (1950-1955), University of California, Berkeley (1956-1955). Doctorate on in vitro synthesis of plant viral RNA (1967). Researcher at the French Institute for Citrus and Tropical fruit Research (1959-1970) at Versailles, France. Director of research at INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), at INRA campus of Bordeaux, France (1971-1975) and professor of microbiology at University of Bordeaux (1976-1997). Head of Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Plant Biology (1974-1994). President of INRA-Bordeaux (19841994). FAO consultant for citrus diseases (1981-1993). Consultant at Fundecitrus, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, for graft-transmissible diseases of citrus (1998-2014). Research. (i) Photosynthetic phosphorylation, laboratory of Prof. D.I. Arnon, University of California at Berkeley (1956-1959). (ii) Replication of plant virus RNA, Versailles and Bordeaux (1959-1986). (iii) Discovery and study of pathogenic, phloem-restricted bacteria of citrus: Spiroplasma citri, agent of stubborn disease, Candidatus Liberibacter spp., associated with huanglongbing, Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia, associated with witches’ broom disease of lime, as well as of xylem-restricted bacteria: Xylella fastidiosa, agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (1969-1999). (iv) Etiology and management of citrus diseases in Brazil: Variegated chlorosis (1989-1993), Sudden Death (19982005), Huanglongbing 2005-2014). J.M. Bove is member of the French Academy of Agriculture (1992), corresponding member of the French Academy of Science (1993), member of the Brazilian Academy of Science (2002), Fellow of the American Phytopathological Society (1994), Fellow of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists (2004). Phytoparasitica DOI 10.1007/s12600-014-0415-4

Energy transfer in supramolecular materials for new applications in photonics and electronics

Supramolecular materials use self-assembly of molecular components to form complex architectures that may otherwise be extremely difficult to prepare. One of the fundamental aspects of this approach is that relatively weak intermolecular forces are used to direct the assembly of the subcomponents. An important point is how to achieve strong electronic communication throughout the material in view of the ‘looseness’ of the molecular constituents, which interact only weakly. This is particularly important for applications in molecular electronics where exciton delocalization and charge transport generally limit the overall device performance. This review focuses on recent advances in supramolecular materials and architectures that are engineered to possess efficient energy transfer between the self-assembled component in view of new applications in photonics and electronics. Many biological functions are performed by molecules that self-assemble into large structures, and this concept is also used in supramolecular chemistry to design artificial single-molecule devices. Ken-Tsung Wong from National Taiwan University and Dario Bassani from the University of Bordeaux in France review efforts in supramolecular chemistry to achieve a strong electrical connection between different sections of such devices, even if they are only connected via weak chemical bonds. A strong energy transfer is important for electronic and photonic applications and can be achieved through the control of various intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds. A further issue is the directionality of the energy transfer in a molecule. This poses a challenge for applications such as solar cells but can be mitigated though the use of appropriate molecular geometries such as tubes or nanowires. The scope and limitations of using supramolecular interactions to control and direct energy transfer processes in self-assembled materials are discussed with emphasis on recent developments in the field.

A systematic review of studies exploring craving, its moderators, and the link with substance use in daily life using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA)

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e169–e251 e221 nence. While it is unclear whether these differences were due to improved attention, these results suggest that IB may help to improve cognitive function in early MA withdrawal. Data provide some support for developing MA treatments that reduce cognitive impairment. Financial support: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R01DA029804; S. Shoptaw); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000124; S. Dubinett). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.612 A systematic review of studies exploring craving, its moderators, and the link with substance use in daily life using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) J. Swendsen2, F. Serre1,3, M. Fatseas1,3, Marc Auriacombe1,3 1 Addiction Psychiatry, University Bordeaux/CNRS USR 3413, Bordeaux, France 2 CNRS UMR 5287 INCIA, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France 3 CH Ch. Perrens et CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Aims: Studies examining the link between craving and substance use have often revealed contradictory results. Ecological MomentaryAssessment (EMA) is amethodparticularlywell-suited to assess subjective variables and episodic events in daily life, and it offers a new opportunity to examine questions concerning craving with high ecological validity. The objective of this systematic review was to examine all published studies using EMA to: (1) examine the temporal link between craving and substance use, and (2) identify relevant moderators of craving intensity among substance users. Methods: The literature searchusedMedlineup to July31, 2012, and was based on a systematic review methodology. Results: Fifty-seven studies were selected, of which most concerned tobacco or alcohol. The majority of studies (91%) reported a positive relationship between craving and substance use, both concurrently and prospectively, within preand post-quit periods, among users with different levels of use, and for both legal and illegal substances. EMA data also confirmed the influence of intra-individual variables (negative affects, social contexts, other substance use) and inter-individual variables (age, level of use) in daily life craving reports Conclusions: This review of EMA investigations demonstrates a strong link between craving and substance use, and underscores the importance of taking into account temporal and contextual considerations in the assessment of this relationship. Financial support: PHRC 2006, MILDT 2010, CRA 2009, PRACNRS-CHU 2008, CNRS ATIP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.613 Lower Serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) associates with elevated cue reactivity following extended forced abstinence from cocaine-taking Sarah E. Swinford, Noelle C. Anastasio, R.G. Fox, S.J. Stutz, K.A. Cunningham Ctr Addiction Res, UTMB, Galveston, TX, United

Bordeaux, les échelles urbaines d’une université en quête d’unité

In Bordeaux, the creation of the PRES University of Bordeaux (a public university system) in 2007 was followed by the selection of the project within the national Campus Plan. This change in the university landscape takes part in a process of wider change confirmed by the Law on Higher Education and Research (ESR), adopted in July 2013. The case of Bordeaux offers an interesting opportunity to study the peculiarities of the recent transformations of the French University. It combines indeed an institutional reform with the partial merger of institutions, and management of a very large land easement (especially around a large campus). The study of Bordeaux can lead to question the ability of the university to build itself as a real planner and to transform its relationship with the local territory.

Polyphenols composition of wine and grape sub-products and potential effects on chronic diseases

Grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most cultivated fruit crops in the world, with an approximate annual production of ∼64 million metric tons in 2010 (OIV, 2011). Grapes composition in polyphenols and their extractability which is far from complete and typically reaching only 30–40% depend on grape varieties, vineyard location and the technological parameters during wine making process including destemming, crushing, maceration and pressing. Therefore, grape pomace potentially constitutes a very abundant and relatively inexpensive source of a wide range of polyphenols including monomeric and oligomeric flavan3-ols (proanthocyanidins) as well as anthocyanins (glucosides, acetylated glucosides and coumarylic glucosides). Moreover, it has been evaluated as a potential source of antioxidant polyphenols which could be used as nutraceuticals or food additives. Actually, phenolic compounds are known to have some health benefits such as a chemopreventive role toward cardiovascular, cancer, and degenerative diseases. In order to valorize wine by-products from Rhone Valley area, grape and pomace seeds and skins from red wine cultivars at maturity from the vintage 2009 and 2010 (Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvedre, Counoise and Alicante) have been characterised for their phenolic contents (total phenol contents, tannin and anthocyanin contents total and individuals; quantification of monomeric and oligomeric proanthocyanidins as well as some anthocyanins (glucosides, acetylated glucosides and coumarylic glucosides)). Ratio of initial phenolic compounds from grape to pomace was also estimated. The comparison of several wine industry by-products with their respective grapes provided evidence that grape seed and skin pomace extracts still contained appreciable amounts of flavanol-3-ols and anthocyanins even after the fermentation process. Quantitative and qualitative distribution of polyphenols in grape pomaces showed significant differences through varieties. Seed extracts from grapes and pomaces contain exceptionally high amounts of total polyphenols than skin’s extracts. This study evidenced seeds from Grenache, Syrah and Alicante and skins from Syrah, Carignan and Alicante as the most interesting fractions to be valorized because of their richest contents in polyphenols compared to the other assessed fractions and varieties. This work further supports that grape pomaces obtained after vinification still retained a significant amount of polyphenols of which level depends largely on the vintage. The use of this by-product would constitute a promising natural source of available polyphenols which could be included in nutraceutical formulation. Activity effects of grape by-products on a chronic disease model with hypertension are given. ∗Corresponding author: Pierre-louis Teissedre, Universite Bordeaux Segalen, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, EA 4577USC Oenologie 1366 INRA-UBS-IPB, 210, chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France. E-mail: p.teissedre@u-bordeaux2.fr.

Endoglandular trophoblasts disintegrate and replace uterine glandular epithelium in vitro and in situ

Endoglandular trophoblasts disintegrate and replace uterine glandular epithelium in vitro and in situ