<p>This research aims to address the challenges faced by university students living under Israeli occupation in accessing suitable university housing amid the difficult economic conditions of Palestinian society. It introduces the concept of sustainable economical furniture that combines affordability, environmental sustainability, and functional suitability. The study highlights practical furnishing strategies that balance quality and flexibility, making them appropriate for the limited spaces of student university housing. It adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the reality of student housing in Palestine under the current difficult economic, social, and political context. It also reviews relevant literature and identifies students’ daily needs, financial constraints, and spatial limitations affecting the design process. Practically, the study adopts an applied approach through a full-scale 1:1 prototype for testing and measurement, alongside a comparative approach involving a global model, a local model, and the workshop outcomes of this study. The findings show that sustainable economical furniture reduces students’ financial burdens, improves the usage of small spaces, and provides a more comfortable and efficient living environment. The study concludes that adopting sustainable economical furniture offers a practical solution for supporting the sustainability of university student housing in Palestine and improving students’ living and educational experiences.</p>

Smart lighting is emerging in student housing across Africa. This study assesses the drivers and satisfaction of smart lighting in university housing in Southern Ghana. The study used an embedded research method, including a survey of 334 student residents and interviews with 10 housing managers across five purpose-built student housing facilities at five selected public universities in Southern Ghana. The Relative Importance Index and thematic analysis were used as data analytical techniques. The findings reveal that accommodation needs primarily drove the adoption of smart lighting in student housing. The satisfaction levels of smart lighting were limited to lighting controls in lavatories, bedrooms, study areas, the kitchen, and common areas. However, dissatisfaction with lighting was associated with adjusting to the minimum light intensity and controlling artificial lighting. Technically, the limited influence of facilities management factors on smart lighting adoption poses a significant risk to energy sustainability if left unaddressed. Interviews reveal that students' lack of knowledge impacts their satisfaction with and usage of smart lighting systems. At a minimum, student housing managers and students would need education on smart lighting. Keywords: Energy sustainability, smart lighting, sustainable design, student housing, Technology Acceptance Model

Background: Silage is defined as feed or rotation made from crops or farm by-products which are harvested or gathered and placed in a compartment called a silo. It is a crucial component of modern livestock nutrition, and plays a pivotal role in ensuring year-round availability of high-quality forage for livestock. Aims: The study evaluated the quality of Napier silage using different additives by assessing its physico-chemical characteristics such as dry matter content, colour, odour, aroma, texture, pH level, temperature, and mould presence. Methodology: Completely Randomised Design. The experiment was conducted at the Farm Barn House of the Central Bicol State University of Agriculture from March 2 to April 14, 2024. Fresh Napier grass was harvested at 90 days of growth from the small ruminant pasture area of the Department of Animal Science, CBSUA, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur. All of the data for the study were arranged, totalled, and statistically analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Any significance was compared using Tukey's Honest Significant Differences Test (HSD). The grass was cut at ground level, chopped into 2–3 cm pieces, and air-dried to achieve approximately 65% moisture. Once the desired moisture content was reached (650 g from 1 kg fresh sample), 57 kg of Napier grass per treatment was prepared for ensiling. Additives—molasses, muscovado, sangkaka (jaggery), and bagasse—were incorporated at 10% of the silage weight (5.7 kg), and the silage was fermented for 35 days. After fermentation, it was opened and evaluated based on the identified quality parameters. Results: The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the colour of Napier silage and highly significant differences (p<0.01) in aroma among treatments. However, no significant difference was observed in texture and mould coverage (p>0.05). Other physico-chemical characteristics, such as temperature and pH level, differed significantly (p<0.01), with Treatments 1 (control) and 2 showing notable variation from the others. Meanwhile, dry matter content showed no significant difference across treatments. Conclusion: The results indicated that additives influenced the colour, aroma, temperature, and pH of Napier silage but had no significant effect on texture, mould coverage, and dry matter content. This suggested that the additives improved fermentation and sensory quality without altering the silage’s physical properties.

Legislative Decree No. 36 of 31 March 2023 introduced a significant streamlining and simplification of the regulatory framework governing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). In order to pursue a public interest, the private entity takes responsibility for the funding, implementation, and management of the project, as well as operational risks, while the public sector reserves the right to define the objectives and verify their implementation. PPPs emerge as a more efficient and attractive tool for the development of public infrastructure and services, including University Student Residences (USRs). In Italy, fewer than 5% of university students have had access to USRs, a proportion far below the European average. Given a steadily growing student population now nearly two million, the current supply of student accommodation meets less than one-fifth of total demand despite the adoption of Law No. 338/2000, the first comprehensive intervention aimed at co-financing the construction of dedicated facilities. Forms of PPP, already tested in RSUs, now find new opportunities thanks to a clearer, more flexible regulatory framework focused on collaboration. Additionally, the Italian public real estate heritage, often of historical and artistic significance but unused or underutilized, constitutes a strategic resource for its functional conversion to student housing. Within this framework, the present contribution aims to initiate an exploratory reflection on the potential of public-private collaboration models for enhancing university housing provision, through the valorisation of existing buildings, the involvement of private entities in rehabilitation and management processes, and the more efficient allocation of available resources. Il Decreto Legislativo n.36 del 31 marzo 2023 ha introdotto una significativa razionalizzazione e semplificazione del quadro normativo relativo al Partenariato Pubblico Privato (PPP). Al fine di perseguire un interesse pubblico, il soggetto privato assume la responsabilità del finanziamento, della realizzazione e della gestione del progetto, oltre ai rischi operativi, mentre la parte pubblica si riserva la definizione degli obiettivi e la verifica della loro attuazione. Il PPP si configura come uno strumento più efficiente e attrattivo per infrastrutture e servizi pubblici, tra i quali rientrano le Residenze per Studenti Universitari (RSU). In Italia, meno del 5% degli studenti universitari ha avuto accesso alle RSU, dato nettamente inferiore alla media europea. A fronte di una popolazione studentesca prossima ai due milioni di iscritti, l’offerta di posti alloggio copre meno di un quinto della domanda, malgrado l’adozione della Legge n. 338/2000, primo intervento organico volto al cofinanziamento per la realizzazione di strutture dedicate. Forme di PPP G.ià sperimentate nelle RSU, trovano oggi nuove opportunità grazie al quadro normativo più chiaro, flessibile e orientato alla collaborazione. Inoltre, il patrimonio immobiliare pubblico italiano, spesso di pregio storico-artistico ma inutilizzato o sottoutilizzato, costituisce una risorsa strategica per la riconversione funzionale a uso abitativo studentesco. Il presente contributo avvia una riflessione esplorativa sulle potenzialità insite in forme di collaborazione pubblico-privata finalizzate al miglioramento della dotazione residenziale universitaria, attraverso modelli di valorizzazione del patrimonio edilizio esistente, il coinvolgimento di soggetti privati nelle fasi di recupero e gestione, e una più efficiente allocazione delle risorse.

Purpose Amid rising global temperatures and resource constraints among developing economies, this study investigates gender-based variations in thermal comfort preferences and their impact on energy-related behaviours in Ghanaian university housing. Grounded in Gender Schema Theory, the research explores how thermal discomfort influences behavioural adaptation and social interactions. Design/methodology/approach The study used a cross-sectional survey of 735 university students across several campuses in Ghana. Quantitative analyses included independent-sample t-tests and multiple linear regression, with gender incorporated as an interaction term to evaluate moderation effects. Findings The results reveal that female students preferred warmer indoor temperatures more than males and engaged in thermally adaptive behaviours more frequently. Discomfort was indeed exacerbated, particularly among female occupants, by environmental determinants such as limited clothing insulation (mean Clo = 0.6), low air velocity (mean = 0.33 m/s), elevated relative humidity (mean = 78%) and high indoor temperatures (mean = 31.7 °C). These conditions contributed to an increase in thermal stress and sedentary activity levels (Met = 1.3), which also occurred. Research limitations/implications Female students demonstrated greater behavioural responsiveness toward these environmental stressors, which validated the limitations of prevailing male-centric thermal models and underscored the need for gender-sensitive approaches to indoor environmental design and management. Social implications Inclusive thermal comfort strategies may enhance social cohesion and promote equitable energy practices in student housing management. Originality/value This study introduces a gender-sensitive framework to the discourse on thermal comfort, advocating adaptive ventilation systems, preference-based roommate matching and participatory energy governance.

From June 13 to 20, 2024, Sonoma State University (SSU) hosted 16 criminology students from Stockholm University (SU) for an educational and cultural exchange. Five SSU undergraduate “student ambassadors” participated, representing California and SSU while assisting the Swedish students. Surveys indicated the exchange was a meaningful academic and cultural experience for all participants. The Swedish students deepened their understanding of the U.S. criminal justice system through presentations by criminologists and discussions with practitioners on issues such as policing and prison reform. They also gained broader perspectives on California and the United States through interactions with SSU ambassadors and visits to historical and cultural sites such as Alcatraz and the Golden Gate Bridge. The SSU ambassadors, some of whom had never left the West Coast, developed international perspectives by engaging with peers from abroad and expressed increased interest in studying overseas. The program was designed to be affordable for Swedish students, with university housing provided and transportation arranged for off-campus visits; SSU ambassadors participated at no cost. Limitations of the pilot program are noted, and the long-term goal is to expand participation to include students from a wider range of international backgrounds.

BackgroundThis study explores the relationship between depression and personal hygiene practices among university students in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted, utilizing an 18-item Personal Hygiene Practice Questionnaire (PHPQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess hygiene behaviors and depression risk among 1,913 undergraduate students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and ordered logistic regression. The PHPQ was validated through item analysis, internal consistency, construct validity and reliability tests.ResultsA high prevalence of depression risk was revealed with 79.9% of females and 73.9% of males. Females demonstrated superior hygiene practices, with 90.1% classified as having good hygiene compared to 75.0% of males. Accommodation type significantly influenced both depression and hygiene, as students living in privately managed housing exhibited better hygiene practices (88.6% good hygiene) and lower depression risk (73.2%) compared to those living at home (79.2%) or in university housing (78.7%). Ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that students at risk of depression had 65% lower odds of maintaining better hygiene practices (OR = 0.36, p < 0.001), and male students were 68% less likely to have higher hygiene scores than females (OR = 0.32, p < 0.001). The Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s alpha confirmed the reliability (α = 0.83) and strong internal consistency of PHPQ-18 scale.ConclusionThese findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in university settings to address mental health and hygiene education. Further research should explore socio-economic and cultural factors influencing these relationships.

This study explores the relationship between depression and personal hygiene practices among university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted, utilizing an 18-item Personal Hygiene Practice Questionnaire (PHPQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess hygiene behaviors and depression risk among 1,913 undergraduate students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and ordered logistic regression. The PHPQ was validated through item analysis, internal consistency, construct validity and reliability tests. A high prevalence of depression risk was revealed with 79.9% of females and 73.9% of males. Females demonstrated superior hygiene practices, with 90.1% classified as having good hygiene compared to 75.0% of males. Accommodation type significantly influenced both depression and hygiene, as students living in privately managed housing exhibited better hygiene practices (88.6% good hygiene) and lower depression risk (73.2%) compared to those living at home (79.2%) or in university housing (78.7%). Ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that students at risk of depression had 65% lower odds of maintaining better hygiene practices (OR = 0.36, p < 0.001), and male students were 68% less likely to have higher hygiene scores than females (OR = 0.32, p < 0.001). The Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach's alpha confirmed the reliability (α = 0.83) and strong internal consistency of PHPQ-18 scale. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in university settings to address mental health and hygiene education. Further research should explore socio-economic and cultural factors influencing these relationships.

: A pot trail was implemented at the net house of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali during the dated from February to April, 2025 to study the drought tolerance and production of mungbean that are impacted by Potassium (K) fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation. The mungbean seed was treated with Rhizobium inoculant at 3% of seed weight before sowing. Seven levels of potassium fertilizer (0, 9.0,7.5, 6.0, 4.5, 3.0, 1.5 g/10 kg soil) were used as treatment in the study. The study was set out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The stress was put in five leaves (vegetative) and silking (reproductive) stages. The results revealed that growth variable and grain production of mungbean were augmented with the increasing rate of potassium fertilizer level. Thus, the results are encouraging in the application of potassium fertilizer and seed treating with Rhizobium inoculant for sustainable production of mungbean under water deficit conditions.

Purpose This research examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on forecasting energy use in university housing across Africa, with a focus on Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study takes a two-fold approach: first, it reviews relevant literature from Africa and analyzes a case study approach in AI technology monitoring and managing energy use in Ghanaian student housing. A multiple linear regression model, analysed through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), examined factors such as AI system installations, room occupancy, local temperatures, and awareness of energy-saving practices. Findings The study found that rooms with AI systems used noticeably less electricity, around 8.6 kW-hours less per month than those without. This highlights the value of AI not just as a forecasting tool but also as a way to change student habits. Aside from this, using tools like instant feedback and peer comparisons to encourage more intelligent energy use was relevant. Practical implications Despite the infrastructure and logistical challenges many African university student housing face, the study shows that AI can be tailored to fit local conditions and deliver meaningful results. Originality/value This contributes to academic conversations about adaptive technology in property management, offering valuable takeaways for student housing investors, student housing managers, and university property managers seeking to enhance energy efficiency in student residences across the continent.

A Study on the Enhancement of Students’ Quality of Life by College Housing Environment Promoted by the Shuyuan System Educational Philosophy

Defining housing during university studies can be a key factor in a student's choice of university. This issue becomes evident not only in financial aspects but also in the property's location and the composition of the student residents, also known as a university republic. To address this demand, this study proposed the development of a web system called Unirep, aimed at university students seeking shared housing in a specific region. The system takes into account a prior analysis of personality and shared interests among the involved students, alongside shared financial management of the housing. Thus, the system has the potential to meet this market demand, providing university housing environments that are more synergistic, collaborative, and economical.

Purpose The quest for academic excellence among university students is inextricably linked to their living situations, especially the housing challenges they encounter. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the various factors that contribute to students’ overall satisfaction with their living conditions outside of the campus premises. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed-methods research technique that blends qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study’s sample population included off-campus public university students who were questioned and their responses were used to make inferences. The sample methods used in the data collection were purposive and convenience sampling. The data analysis techniques used in analysing the data were descriptive and inferential statistics as well as content analysis. Findings Based on the descriptive analysis, the most significant determinants of student satisfaction in off-campus university housing were electricity, access to transport and access to water. Subsequently, the Mann–Whitney U-test was performed to establish whether there is no significant difference between participants’ gender and the determinants of students’ satisfaction with off-campus university accommodation. The test analysis revealed that only the TV room showed significant differences between male and female students, while no significant differences were found in the other determinants. Research limitations/implications This study has uncovered valuable insights that can inform housing policies, improve the quality of off-campus accommodations and enhance the overall student experience. Originality/value The research aims to contribute novel insights and tailored recommendations that address the needs and concerns of students residing in off-campus accommodations.

The focus of this study was the assessment of the satisfaction level regarding accommodation provided by the University to International students studying in China. Southwest University of Political Science &amp; Law, China was taken as a case study to complete this study. A questionnaire was designed and 152 international students studying at the Yubei campus were approached per-sonally. The students filled out the questionnaires based on the main fivevariables,i.e. over-view, bedrooms, dormitory services, study environment, and cultural exchange. SPSS and SmartPLS were used for data analysis. The factor loadings for all items exceed the threshold of 0.6, indicating strong associations between the items and their corresponding constructs. The Vari-ance Inflation Factor (VIF) values, which measure multicollinearity, are all below 3, confirming that there are no significant redundancy issues among the items. Cronbach’s alpha values for all constructs are above 0.7, demonstrating good internal consistency and reliability. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values, which assess convergent validity, are all above 0.5, indicating that each construct explains more than half of the variance in its items. A majority of SWUPL international students show considerably high satisfaction with university housing facilities, along with the student assistance structure and out-of-classroom possibilities. The positive expe-riences reported by students are directly related to the strong cooperation of SWUPL’s Interna-tional Student Office and the university’s commitment to academic andnon-academic activities.

Abstract Housing arrangements provide the foundation for social life and interaction in college. However, we know little about how students locate housing opportunities. This study contributes to the literature on housing, search strategies, and class inequality during college by examining how students search for housing. Based on interviews with 40 undergraduate students across three universities, we find that socioeconomically disadvantaged students primarily pursued formal channels in their housing search, including official websites and requests for tours, which limited their options for locating housing. In contrast, socioeconomically advantaged students relied on informal channels to locate and secure housing, such as help from friends, family, and organizations passing down housing, which provided access to off‐campus housing within walking distance of campus. Although socioeconomically advantaged students and students with organizational connections learned about housing search strategies from others in their networks, students who relied on informal channels attributed their housing outcomes to luck. By attributing outcomes like inheriting a house through an organization to serendipity, students underestimated the salience of economic, cultural, and social resources in the housing search. This study adds to existing literature by illuminating the role of divergent housing search strategies in reifying class inequality among undergraduate students during college.

The most vital component of the environment is water and its quality cannot be overemphasized. This study represents the assessment of radon concentration, physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in groundwater in Lagos State University Housing Estates (LASU). The data of groundwater samples were collected from the three housing estates. Water samples were collected at Lagos State University Housing Estates for radon measurement, physicochemical and heavy metal analysis. Dissolved Radon 222Rn in a sampled groundwater was measured using a fast electronic Radon detector RAD 7. In addition, other physiochemical properties and heavy metal analysis were both carried out following standard laboratory procedures. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the radon concentration of the three study locations which ranges between 0.20 ± 0.12 and 0.41 ± 0.12 Bql-1. On the other hand, Radon has a weak and negative relationship with p H, Conductivity, TDS, Temperature, Manganese, Chromium and Chromate, while it has a positive relationship with Turbidity in borehole water samples from Ojo residential community. Similarly, Radon has a strong correlation with heavy metals but no relationship with physicochemical parameters in water samples collected from Iba residential community. In addition, the Radon obtained from borehole water from Badagry has a negative correlation with conductivity, TDS, turbidity, chromium and chromate while it has a positive relationship with Temperature, pH and moderate correlation with Manganese. It is therefore safe to say, the water in the study areas is safe for domestics’ purposes.

Case name: Letter re: Saginaw Valley State University, No. 15‐23‐2101 (OCR 02/22/24).

Disclosure costs: The impact of bipolar diagnosis and social desirability on stigma.

To examine the prevalence, characteristics, causes, and contributing factors of depression among university students to aid in the management of this condition through the identification of root causes and influencing factors. This cross-sectional study surveyed students enrolled in various colleges of Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, between 1 September and 20 November 2023. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Out of a total of 1036 participants, 349 had depression, revealing a prevalence rate of 33.7%. Most depressed students were female (n = 261, 74.8%) and lived on campus (n = 210, 60.2%). Depression was significantly more prevalent among female students (p < 0.001) and among those residing on campus (p = 0.028). The highest rate of depression was observed among students in the Colleges of Science (39.9%), Engineering (38.5%), and Agriculture and Marine Sciences (36.8%). There was no significant association between academic grade point average and depressive symptoms (p = 0.462). Over one-third of Sultan Qaboos University students had depressive symptoms, which was more prevalent among female students and those residing on campus, though an over representation of women in university housing confounds the latter association. Further research, especially in collaboration with other educational institutions, is recommended to assess the nationwide prevalence, identify vulnerable groups, and develop effective treatment strategies.

Case name: Letter re: Bethel College, No. 07206904 (OCR 09/03/24).