University Campus Area Research Articles

Contextualizing Co-Working Spaces: User Participatory Approach in Architectural Design Studio

The evolution in our understanding of the notion of 'working' has evolved into a spatially diverse spectrum over the last decades. The era of increasing new definition of working enabling collaboration, knowledge sharing and socializing among users is worth of attention in terms of contextual use. Since the popularity of coworking spaces has increased over years, the variation of use contexts is gradually increasing. Thus, it becomes clearly important for designers to take the phenomenon of target users in specific co-working places into account throughout the design process. This study explores the effects of user participation and limits of actor diversity, with an approach focusing spesifically on the university campus area within the new emerging contextual diversity. User participation design method has been tested in the bachelor degree architectural design studio in the Department of Architecture in Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University. The purpose of this study is providing the understanding of the relationship between design process and behavioral patterns with the knowledge obtained through data collection based on user preferences and final versions of the projects.

Rational Exergy Management Model based metrics for minimum carbon dioxide emissions and decarbonization in Glasgow

Addressing climate change is an urgent issue that requires effective and sustainable solutions at multiple scales from the building to the district and city scales. This study focuses on the avoidable carbon dioxide emissions responsibilities due to exergy mismatches between supply and demand at multiple scales based on the Rational Exergy Management Model. Nine key metrics for decarbonization are presented with analyses of three case studies in Glasgow, including a university campus area, and urban emissions scenarios. The existing campus district system involves 42 MW boiler capacity for heat supply and 3.35 MW electric power and heat supply with a combined heat and power system that is responsible for 80.97 kg carbon dioxide per operating hour at design conditions. The system may shift towards carbon neutrality if the combined heat and power system capacity increases to at least 27.3 MW electric power and the boiler is eventually banned. A potential expansion of the district network with solar prosumer buildings indicates that the optimum number of Exergy Stars as a new rating is four out of five when embodiments for solar prosumer buildings are considered. Urban emissions scenarios for Glasgow indicate about 20 MtCO2eq of urban consumption-based emissions in 2020 that are analyzed up to 2030 and 2050 under different decarbonization scenarios. Remaining urban emissions are linked to inefficiencies where exergy mismatches cause emissions responsibilities in the energy system. In comparison to the decarbonization index in the urban emissions scenarios for Glasgow, the increased exergy match at 0.87 is closest to its 2045-year value in the renewable energy based green-growth scenario. The results are useful for guiding other urban areas to embark on an effective approach for mitigation and bring society to a better balance with the planet. Districts and cities can utilize these metrics to upscale climate mitigation and minimize emissions more rapidly.

Eksplorasi Mikroflora Alami Cairan Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour) Druce di Kawasan Hutan Penelitian dan Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Andalas

Indonesia is a country that is rich in flora and fauna diversity, one of the unique flora in Indonesia is Nepenthes. This bag serves to trap insects or other small animals, the Biology Education and Research Forest (HPPB) is located in the Andalas Limau Manis University campus area which is classified as lowland tropical rain forest which is the habitat of Nepenthes, in the Biology Education and Research Forest (HPPB) this type of pitcher plant, namely Nepenthes mirabilis. Nepenthes mirabilis is a plant that is able to digest insects trapped in pockets at the ends of its leaf tendrils, so it is classified as a carnivorous plant. Microorganisms play an important role in breaking down organic materials into inorganic ones available to plants. Types of bacteria and bacterial populations greatly determine the decomposition process of animals that have been trapped in the bag as a source of nutrients for Nepenthes plants. This study aims to explore the natural microflora of Nepenthes mirabilis fluids, determine the proportional presence of potential bacteria, and determine the in vitro potential of chitinolytic bacteria from Nepenthes mirabilis fluids. This study used a survey method which was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Nepenthes mirabilis fluid contained the presence of Fermentative, Amylolytic, Proteolytic, Chitinolytic and Lipolitical bacteria. Nepenthes mirabilis liquid in open bags contained chitinolytic bacteria, the highest presence of chitinolytic bacteria was found in MBB samples (20,104 cfu/ml) and MBA samples (18,104 cfu/ml). .28), fermentative (2.33 and 2.00), amylolytic (1.42 and 1.28), proteolytic (2.00 and 2.00), lipolytic (1.75 and 1.28).

Designing of 0.9 MWp Solar Power System Project for Kastamonu University

Today, with increasing consumption costs, costs and needs in the field of energy are increasing exponentially. In this study, a Solar Power System project has been designed at Kastamonu University in order to meet the increasing demand for electrical energy and because it is more advantageous than other power plants, has a shorter depreciation period and a shorter installation and commissioning time. Solar Energy Systems, or Solar Power Systems are cutting-edge devices made to capture solar radiation and transform it into electrical energy that can be used. Solar Power Systems are essential for creating a greener and more sustainable energy landscape as the world community continues to emphasize sustainability. It is envisaged to use 8 inverters with 1632 panels on various roofs within the Kastamonu University campus area in order to supply the energy demand. Energy costs, power plant installation fees, depreciation process and exemptions are also cost within the scope of this study. It is concluded that approximately one third of the energy needs of Kastamonu University will be met with the proposed project.

Produksi Dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Hutan Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia

Forests are important habitats that support an ecosystem consisting of various types of plants that have production potential and litter decomposition rates. This research aims to find out how to calculate the production and decomposition rate of litter in homogeneous forest and heterogeneous forest terrestrial ecosystems. The research was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous forest areas in the IPB University campus area, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The sampling process seemed to be carried out using 1x1 m nylon mesh litter trap method for 5 weeks. The results of the research show that the composition of the species that grow in heterogeneous forest areas is Kisabun (Filicium decipien), Sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki), Bisbul (Diospyros blancoy), Water guava (Eugenia aduea), Matoa (Pometia pinnata), Pinus (Cupressus lusitanica), and Meranti (Shorea sp), while in the homogeneous forest ecosystem is the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The amount of waste collected in heterogeneous forest ecosystems is greater than in homogeneous forest ecosystems (Rubber forests), namely 98 grams and 5.2 grams respectively with results in heterogeneous forest ecosystems of 7.2 grams dry weight from 10 grams wet weight, whereas in homogeneous forest ecosystem (rubber forest 0.8 grams dry weight from 2 grams wet weight). The decomposition rate of litter in heterogeneous ecosystems is 0.21 grams/year, while in rubber forest ecosystems it is 0.17 grams/year.

Vegetation Function Analysis in Musamus University Campus Area

The academic community's point of activity, the campus area, requires green open spaces to support its activities. The Musamus University campus area boasts 27 different types of scattered plants. A qualitative methodology was employed to identify the types and functions of vegetation in the Musamus University campus area, including data collection, vegetation mapping, diversity analysis, function identification, and data analysis. The research revealed that the Musamus campus area lacks vegetation, particularly in terms of shading, aesthetic, and guiding functions, although it does serve well as a noise dampener. Therefore, there is a need to increase the quantity of vegetation, especially those that provide shading, aesthetic, and guiding functions.

On demand ride sharing: Scheduling of an autonomous bus fleet for last mile travel

Autonomous buses are expected to expand the mobility-on-demand options in cities in the next 10 years. An essential aspect of ensuring optimal usage of fleets of autonomous buses is the task of scheduling. This paper presents a scheduling approach based on the construction of all possible trips used to formulate an optimization problem. While in the past most research is focused on the scheduling of taxi trips, there is an increasing interest in the research for the scheduling of last-mile travel options. A street network has been generated based on open street map data as a basis for the scheduling. All possible combinations of buses and requests are calculated, and for each of those trips, a close to optimal order of requests is created. These are used to formulate the optimization problem, calculating a close to optimal assignment of requests on the buses. The approach has considered constraints such as maximum waiting time, travel delay, and targets to exploit shared trips for higher efficiency. Experiments have been carried out in a simulated environment of a university campus area with fleets of up to 10 vehicles. By performing various trials with changing parameters, the influence of the constraints on waiting time and travel delay to the scheduling is determined. Depending on the setup, service rates above 90%, while trails with strict constraints show that the approach can handle short-term requests. Based on the results, a use case-specific composition of the autonomous bus fleet can be done.

Çam Kütüklerindeki Monochamus galloprovincialis (Cerambycidae) Populasyonlarına Karşı Steinernema carpocapsae (Steinernematidae)’nin Biyolojik Mücadelede Kullanılması

Aim of study: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a serious threat to the susceptible pine forests. It is caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) (Steiner and Buhrer 1934), Nickle 1970 and transmitted by Monochamus Dejean beetles. In the recent study, we assessed the effects of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) against Monochamus galloprovincialis larvae in Anatolian black pine and Scots pine logs. 
 Area of the study: The experiments were conducted in Duzce University, Faculty of Forestry and in a pine forest at Duzce University campus area. 
 Material and methods: The mean number of eggs per pine logs, and the productivity of S. carpocapsae in M. galloprovincialis larvae were compared under laboratory conditions. The nematode experiments were conducted using oviposited pine logs in the field.
 Main results: The females of M. galloprovincialis oviposited more eggs on Scots pine compared to black pine logs. Both in black pine and in Scots pine, the survival rates of M. galloprovincialis after nematode application was significantly lower than control. 
 Highlihts: As a result of the study, S. carpocapsae can be an efficient biological control agent of this wood-boring insect.

AEDES SURVEILLANCE AND OVIPOSITION PREFERENCES: A CASE STUDY WITHIN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS AND HOSPITAL AREA

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and preference of the Aedes mosquitoes to oviposit based on the container index, types of container and types of water. To achieve the aim, 58 ovitraps consisted two types, modified can and plactic material Aedes Larva Ovitrap (ALOT), each were placed side by side at selected sampling sites within a university campus and teaching hospital area. Five different types of water were used (rain water, tap water, reverse osmosis water, pond water and well water). The identified Aedes species in this study were more for Aedes Albopictuscompared to Aedes Aegypti, with more mosquito eggs were oviposited in modified can and rain water. In conclusion, Aedes surveillance using ovitrap is the most sensitive, cost-effective and reliable method to detect the presence of Aedes species.

A checklist of wild mushroom diversity and distribution in the Jahangirnagar University campus area, Bangladesh

This comprehensive study focuses on a checklist survey of wild mushrooms and documents their morphological variability and diversity at Jahangirnagar University, a natural and social forest area in Bangladesh. Through field studies on the campus grounds from June to October 2021, 60 samples were collected from which 40 species were identified by morphological characters, belonging to 33 genera, 26 families, and 10 orders. Most species were identified from the order Agaricales and the highest frequency (83.33%) from the orders Polyporales and Agaricales. The highest species abundance was 83.33% for Ganoderma spp., Crepidotus applanatus and the density was 70% for Marasmiellus candidus. The dominant species were Ganoderma spp., Coprinus disseminates, Marasmius spp., Schizophyllum commune, Calvulina coralloides. The wild mushrooms were prevalent in the natural forest areas of the Jahangirnagar University campus. As far as we are aware, this report is the very first work on wild mushrooms or macro-fungi on the campus of Jahangirnagar University. This survey shows that the campus grounds are enriched with a wide variety of wild mushrooms.
 Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 11(1 & 2): 41-67, 2022 (June & December)

Genetic Identification of Superbugs from River Streams in State University of Malang

Superbugs revert to bacterial strains, which exhibit resistance to antibiotics. These bacteria could cause some problems in disease treatment and the environment. This research aimed of this study was to identify the presence of superbugs in the river stream that flows through Malang State University campus area. Amoxicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were selected to test the possible bacterial resistance. Water samples taken from a decided spot were spread over Luria Bertani’s agar on both antibiotic supplemented and antibiotics-free media with no delay. Molecular identification was carried out using 16S rRNA gene DNA barcoding approach, completed with morphological and Gram staining analyses. A total of 16 isolates of gram-negative colonies were found in the form of bacilli, diplobacilli, cocci, and diplococci. The genetic identification of eight resistant colonies led us to suggest that the isolates may belong to Aeromonas, Shigella, and Bacillus. Further studies are still required to get a clearer view of the correct taxonomical position of those resistant isolates.

Peranan Pohon dalam Membentuk Iklim Mikro

Climate affects the metabolism and behavior of living things, on the other hand, the state of the microclimate is affected by the presence of living things. Microclimate components include; air temperature, solar radiation intensity, air humidity, and wind speed. The purpose of this study was: to analyze the role of trees in shaping the microclimate in the Lancang Kuning University campus area. This research was conducted using a survey method and observation of microclimatic conditions through direct measurements in the field. The components of the microclimate that were observed and measured were temperature, sunlight intensity, humidity and wind speed. The results showed that all elements of the microclimate that were measured were better (lower air temperature, higher humidity, lower solar radiation intensity and lower wind speed) under the trees compared to the results of measurements in open places. It is recommended to maintain a good microclimate in the Unilak campus environment to maintain existing trees, and carry out enrichment planting in the Unilak campus area.

Ecology of Avifauna in Green Spaces of a Sub-Tropical Urban Landscape: Community Structure and Habitat Preference

To scrutinize the present status of birds in a sub-tropical urban green space, a research work was conducted in Mymenshing City Corporation from November 2018 to October 2019 by direct field observations. Three green spaces were selected in the study area where in total 180 species of birds with 7,079 individuals were documented. Passeriformes had the highest species richness (76 species, 42.22%) and abundance (n = 4174, 58.96%). Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus Area (Site A) showed the highest diversity index value with the highest species richness (170 species, 94.44%) and abundance (n = 3261, 46.06%). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) test showed a significant difference in bird communities among three study sites. Cluster analysis showed that fallow land and agricultural land formed a large cluster which further formed another cluster with grassland, water-body, tree and urban settlements. Species richness and abundance across the seasons and study sites varied significantly. The highest avian diversity and abundance were observed in winter, particularly in January. Species richness and abundance for nine microhabitats showed significant variations where tree was mostly used microhabitat. The avian community of urban settlements and agricultural lands were highly correlated. These urban green spaces support 48 (26.67%) migratory birds in the study area. Pycnonotus cafér had the highest relative abundance (4.28%), Maximum observed bird species as the least concern and five species were threatened according to the national conservation status. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(2): 37-50

Determinants of shared e-scooters usage in the city of Braga: Results from a mobility survey and trip data analysis

Shared mobility services can lead to a transformative impact on many cities around the world by enhancing transport accessibility, and modal shift. Therefore, the present research uses a mobility survey and data analysis from e-scooter trips in Braga, Portugal to acknowledge the determinants of shared e-scooter usage in order to understand how cities can continue promoting a modal shift from cars to more sustainable mobility options. The survey was conducted regarding that heavy e-scooter traffic is estimated to occur in university campus areas, while the trip data analyses compare e-scooter displacement patterns in 2019 and 2021. The results show that e-scooters are a rising actor to enable people's displacement, but improvements to the infrastructure offered for this mode of transport (e.g., parking spots, and traffic calming) are crucial to enable a safe and comfortable journey.

Vegetation and Floristic composition of Dr. Y.S.P. University of Horticulture and Forestry Campus, Solan, Himachal Pradesh

The present study is mainly concerned with the flowering plants and provides a comprehensive information on the vegetation and floristic composition on local flora of the Dr. Y.S.P. University Campus area, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Floristic analysis through intensive plant collection revealed that, it is composed of 113 families (Dicot- 96 and Monocot-17), 402 genera (Dicot-351 and Monocot-51) and 628 species (Dicot-553 and Monocot-75), including infraspecific taxa, ornamental and cultivated species, introduced plant species/weeds among the angiosperms. The proportion of the dicots and monocots is 7.3: 1, where, Asteraceae stands as largest family having 36 genera with 57 species, followed by Fabaceae with 29 genera and 56 species.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Five Different Species of Riccia

Five species of the Riccia genus have been investigated by Rapid Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The species is explained and demonstrated with its genetic diversity based on morphological variations. Samples were collected from different parts of the University of Dhaka growing in different habitats around the University campus area. After the study of its morphology, it has been observed that the population of this taxon shows significant variation in plant size, shape, colour, ventral scales, appendages of scales, rhizoids, and the position of male and female receptacles, etc. The RAPD marker system was employed to estimate the genetic diversity within and between the populations based on such morphological variations. Approximately 82% of the variations have been observed within and between genotypes of Riccia as revealed with both phenotypic and genotypic data. The RAPD markers are being used increasingly to analyse the phylogenetic relationship among the liverworts to give the exact framework of taxonomic identification of naturally occurring liverwort Riccia. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 32(2): 137-144, 2022 (December)

The Study of Biopore Infiltration Holes (BIH) Implementation to Reduce Waterlogging in President University Campus Area

The continuous infrastructure development results in the lack of green open space as water catchment areas into the ground. The reduced water infiltration zona will cause runoff. The soil on President University’s campus is fine-grained, with high plasticity due to clay mineral particles. One factor that affects rainwater utilization is the soil type. Clay types have slower permeability, resulting in reduced rainwater infiltration areas. One of the technologies to reduce water runoff is the Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH). To find out how much water can infiltrate into the soil to reduce waterlogging and to plan the total amount of Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) that can be applied at President University. This study uses quantitative analysis methods to identify the ideal Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) requirement on President University’s campus and determine the BIH. The findings of this study indicate that the total planned implementation of BIH that can be used on the campus of President University is 1711.8 pcs in an open space zona of 13,600 m2 and, based on the annual infiltration calculation, is 0.97 m3/min that significant enough to reduce waterlogging in the President University Campus Area.

Distortions in Spatial Mental Representation Affect Sketch Maps in Young Adults.

Humans tend to misrepresent spatial information which leads to systematic errors due to distorted organizational processes regarding metric and positional judgments. This study is aimed at analyzing metric and positional distortions in cognitive maps by using external representations, namely sketch maps, in two experiments with young participants. In the first experiment, we use the sketching area of Northern Europe. In the second experiment, the University campus area was used. The first aim was to test the hypothesis that the presence of the sea between the triplet of landmarks generates an overestimation of the distances between them in the case of Northern Europe; and to test the hypothesis that the number of turns in a route influences the overestimation of the distance between landmarks in the case of the campus area. The second aim was to investigate alignment and rotation errors using the same maps. Concerning metric errors, the results showed the overestimation of distances with a geographical gap between the cities (the sea in the Northern European Area), and those with more turns between landmarks (the campus area). The results concerning rotations and alignments were in line with the previous research about positional errors. The present study extended findings on distortions in spatial mental representation as emerging from verbal judgments, to sketch maps: direct visuospatial external representations eluding the conversion into verbal coding of spatial information. The presence of distortions in cognitive maps could be considered the consequence of the encoding of spatial information.

Urban thermal environment effects based on visual indices: A case study in Xuzhou City, China

Urban thermal environments are closely related to habitats, citizens' health, and sustainable development. Based on green view index (GVI), we proposed two new visual indices, construction view index (CVI) and imperious surface view index (R&PVI). Mobile observation was used to obtain urban thermal environment data, images and coordinates synchronously in Xuzhou City in late summer, including urban area (U), scenic area (S), exterior of university campus (E), and university campus inside (CUMT). We analyzed the impacts of the urban composition represented by the visual index on the urban thermal environment. The results showed that, along the sampling line, mean air temperature (Ta) was highest (30.42 ℃) and mean relative humidity (RH) was lowest (40.7%) in urban area, while mean Ta was lowest (29.35 ℃) and mean RH was highest (48.4%) in scenic area. The situation of mean wind-chill temperature (TaW) was the highest (32.95 ℃) in the urban area and the lowest (31.93 ℃) in the scenic area. As for CVI, urban area, university campus inside, exterior of university campus and scenic area ranked in descending order, while GVI showed an opposite pattern. CVI was significantly positively correlated to Ta and TaW, but negatively to RH. GVI was significantly negatively correlated to Ta and TaW, but positively to RH. R&PVI was significantly positively correlated to Ta and TaW, but not correlated to RH. CVI and GVI influenced Ta significantly, with the independent effects being 10.4% and 18.9%, and joint effects being 7.8% and 11.3%, respectively. As for RH, CVI and GVI contributed significantly as well, independent effects were 37.5% and 15.7%, and joint effects were 51.4% and 30.2%, respectively. As for TaW, the three visual indices contributed significantly, but independent and joint effects were lower than those on Ta. Moreover, visual indices contributed more on RH than Ta or TaW. The results could provide ideas for optimizing urban thermal environments and mitigating urban heat island effects, and have practical implications for urban renewal and improvement of the quality of human living environment.

GNSS Tekniği ile Düşey Yöndeki Deformasyonların Araştırılması

Monitoring and analysis of deformations in the earth's crust and engineering structures are among the important issues of geodesy. In order to monitor the deformations, a geodetic network consisting of reference and object points is created in general. Deformation research is carried out by analyzing the movements at the network points. Measurements for the determination of these movements can be made with classical techniques as well as with GNSS techniques. The static relative positioning is a widely used method in such precise geodetic applications. In this study; the capacity of the GNSS technique to detect vertical deformations was investigated. For this purpose, a micro geodetic network was designed in the Selcuk University Campus area. A mechanism to create virtual deformations was placed on the object point in the designed network and periodic measurements were carried out by creating virtual deformations in the vertical direction. Measurements were processed with the Bernese v5.2 scientific GNSS software, analyzed by Iterative Weighted Similarity Transformation Method using the software developed to perform deformation analysis in GNSS networks, and the determined deformations were compared with the real deformation value, considering the ionospheric activities on the measurement days. As a result of the analyses, vectorial deformation amounts compatible with the real deformation value were obtained and it was seen that the motion amounts in the direction of the coordinate components were also compatible with the virtual deformation amount given on the mechanism.