Universidad Complutense De Madrid Research Articles

European Journal of Geography (Year 2023): Reviewer Appreciation & Publication Recap

European Journal of Geography (Year 2023): Reviewer Appreciation & Publication Recap

The Body Represented

This research proposes the body as a privileged stage for creating possible worlds and the school as a metaphor for its territory. The guiding question is: How do students represent their bodies and the relationships that stem from them? In this way, the study explores the body in the classroom as a site of interaction with the lifeworld, aiming to uncover the invisible learning experiences of students as objects of communication research.
 The work attempts to understand the body as indivisible between its parts and the environment, as a contemporary axis of the notion of humanity, rooted in the core of social and human sciences. The body is seen as substance and action, the metaphor of all metaphors, cutting across various fields of knowledge.
 Currently, the body seems to be reduced to social capital, an object open to commodification. It's a body dedicated to consumption, improvement, fitness, shaving, and stretching, while time contracts it—an advertising subject, a form of advertisement in itself.
 The study seeks answers regarding young people's conceptions and interactions with their bodies by understanding the questions that arise from and about the body and the variations and processes of self-awareness that many young people undergo. This research is pursued through fieldwork on two continents, aiming to understand how these relationships can vary according to the cultural context.
 Based on this background, a questionnaire is constructed. Its primary purpose is to comprehend how students perceive their relationships with their bodies, associating them with feelings, shapes, emotions, beauty, words, and other elements. Additionally, the study attempts to grasp the order in which the body is conceived: as a whole, composed of parts, or as parts? The questionnaire proposes the idea of the multidimensionality of the body, suggesting that the body is more than just its physical form—it traverses, travels, and transforms across different dimensions.
 The questionnaire was administered to university students majoring in communication-related fields. A group of 200 students participated, with 100 from Universidad Sergio Arboleda in Bogotá, Colombia, and 100 from Universidad Complutense de Madrid in Spain. These universities were chosen to diversify the study's participants, encompassing private and public education, ensuring a broader spectrum of responses.
 Studying the body as an object leads to cognition, communication, and information insights. Within its totality and in each of its parts, there is a complex web of cognitive processes intertwined with practices of self-organization, self-affirmation, reproduction, and complexity.
 I have argued that cognitive science is beginning to realize that perception is not about recovering a pre-established world, but rather it is perceptually guided action in a world inseparable from our sensorimotor abilities, and that higher cognitive structures also arise from recurrent patterns of perceptually guided action. Therefore, cognition is not about representations but embodied action. (Varela, 1996, p. 9)
 This exercise encourages students to reflect on bodily experiences, exploring their imaginations and ways of representing the body using focus group methodology. It aims to consider experiences in the educational setting as performances and recognize their potential to transform students' communication skills.

The Identified Skeletal Collection of the School of Legal Medicine: a contemporary osteological collection housed in Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.

Osteological collections are an important resource for the development of methods to assist in the study of skeletal remains in archeological and/or forensic contexts. The aim is to describe the current characteristics of the Identified Skeletal Collection of the School of Legal Medicine and its historical context. The Identified Skeletal Collection of the School of Legal Medicine of the Complutense University of Madrid consists of 138 male and 95 female individuals, born between 1880 and 1980 and deceased between 1970 and 2009. The minimum age of the sample is perinatal and the maximum age is 97years. The collection is an essential tool for forensic research, given that its population characteristics can be extrapolated to those of present-day Spain. Access to this collection offers unique teaching opportunities as well as provides the information necessary to develop various lines of research.

Juan Modolell (1937-2023).

Juan Modolell (1937-2023).

Optometry research in Spain: Topics of interest, institutions and investigators.

To determine the institutions, journals of choice and topics of investigation of the most prolific and highly cited Spanish optometrist researchers. As a primary search strategy, the Scopus database (Elsevier) was queried with the terms (optometr* OR "contact lens*" OR refracti* OR *ocular) and the affiliation country filter "Spain". The list of authors returned by the primary search was used in a secondary manual search based on co-authors and institutions. Authors were included in the analysis if they had an h-index > 10, were of Spanish nationality, were affiliated to Spanish institutions, and possessed an optometry degree. Authors were ranked by h-index, number of publications and number of citations. Topics of research interest and target journals were determined by analyzing the 10 most highly cited papers of each author. A total of 32 authors with an h-index > 10 were identified, of whom 14 (43.7%) were female. Only one author had an h-index > 40, and 7 (21.9%) authors had an h-index over 20. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery was the first journal of choice (19.1% of highest cited papers), followed by Optometry and Vision Science (10.3%). The Universidad Complutense de Madrid hosted the largest percentage of authors (18.7%), followed by the Universitat de València (15.6%). Main topics of research interest were topography (6.5% of papers), cornea (6.2%) and contact lens (5.0%). Optometry in Spain is a fertile field of research, with an increasing number of highly cited authors publishing in high impact journals.

Review: The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam

Book Review| March 01 2023 Review: The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam Alain George The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus: Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam London: Gingko Library, 2021, 264 pp., 164 illus. $85 (cloth), ISBN 9781909942455 Susana Calvo Capilla Susana Calvo Capilla Universidad Complutense de Madrid Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2023) 82 (1): 84–86. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2023.82.1.84 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Susana Calvo Capilla; Review: The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 March 2023; 82 (1): 84–86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2023.82.1.84 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search The majority of historic buildings preserved today reflect multiple events and vicissitudes that have changed the appearance, the meanings, and even the functions of the structures over time. The centuries have left traces, sometimes wounds, and the unraveling of these effects of time is the task of the art historian. In The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, Alain George seeks to reconstruct the story of the initial stages of the mosque through evidence found in the building itself. In the first chapter, “Palimpsests in Stone and Layered Texts: The Multiple Histories of the Umayyad Mosque,” the author exposes the reality that historians face. Like texts, buildings are complex palimpsests, as multilayered constructions. While successive fires and earthquakes have damaged the Mosque of Damascus, the building has always recovered, retaining many of its distinctive features and identifying elements, including its mural mosaics, transept and crenellated roofline. George explores a varied range... You do not currently have access to this content.

Philip Roth and "My American Gang"

Philip Roth and "My American Gang" Gustavo Sánchez Canales (bio) What does it mean to be a roth scholar in spain? to answer this question, I refer to "my American gang," a term I use among my university colleagues in Spain when I discuss my research. Obviously, this name is inspired by Roth's 1971 satirical novel about President Richard Nixon. However, I hasten to clarify that the similarities between both "gangs" begin and end in the title. Here, I reference my American gang to tell the story of how international scholarly collaborations have advanced Roth Studies, and I reference my work in the context of these collaborations as an example of the archive we have built collectively, internationally, to further an understanding of Roth's work around the globe. I should begin by saying that Jewish American literature has been at the core of my personal interests since the 1989-1990 academic year, a time when I was about to finish English Philology at Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). I had a professor of English and American Literature named Cándido Pérez Gállego who was one of the very few teachers who analyzed the works of writers like Henry Roth and Philip Roth, Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, and Cynthia Ozick, among others. Thanks to him, not only did I then start to delve into their fiction, but it was also clear to me that I would write my dissertation on Bellow. However, I soon realized that exploring the works of such a complex novelist entailed a lot of research in several areas. Bellow's complexity is somehow reflected in the title of my dissertation—"Literary, Philosophical and Religious Influences on Saul Bellow's Novels"—which I defended in June 2001, and obtained cum laude. (My postdoctoral research focused on Bellow.) I do not think I can be accused of revealing a state secret if I say that twenty years ago—let alone during the late 1980s—Jewish American literature was not a "hot topic" in Spain. Despite this—or perhaps because of this—I was determined to publish part of my research in Spain. After all, if Pérez Gállego had succeeded in instilling in me a love for this literature, why could I not try something similar in other forums at a national level? In 2003, Isabel Durán (UCM) and [End Page 95] José Antonio Gurpegui (Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid), as editors of their online Historia crítica de la literatura norteamericana, invited me to contribute an essay for their issue "La tradición judía," which was published the following year. In this essay I examine first- and second-generation writers such as Malamud, Roth, and Bellow. The publication of my first Bellow papers in the early 2000s motivated me to focus part of my research on Bellow. Among others, I would like to highlight "Saul Bellow as a Novelist of Ideas: A Forum" (2016)—a special issue co-edited with fellow Roth Society member, Victoria Aarons—which appeared in Partial Answers (Johns Hopkins UP-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem). There were two other contributions: "A Tale of Two Cities," published in Saul Bellow Journal exactly one decade after "Life, Death" and "Bellow's Cityscapes" included in The Cambridge Companion to Saul Bellow (2017). In both cases, Victoria Aarons, to whom I am deeply grateful for inviting me to participate, was editor. Chronologically speaking, Bernard Malamud is the second writer to whom I am greatly indebted. My first Malamud essays date from 2006. Specifically, "Bernard Malamud's Russian Background" came out in the Spanish journal Mundo eslavo. Two years before, I had been invited to contribute a book chapter ("Racial Tension, Rage and Destruction in Bernard Malamud's The Tenants") for a Festschrift that also appeared in 2006. This special volume was meant to be a tribute to Angela Downing, at the time a recently retired professor from the Department of English Philology (UCM), the same department where I had been working for years. As in the case of "La tradición judía," I thought this Festschrift could be a good venue for continuing to promote Jewish American Studies...

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Internationalisation of Teaching and Learning through Blended Mobility: Potentials of Joint International Blended Courses and Challenges in Their Implementation

Blended Mobility formats such as joint international blended courses have the potential to enable more students at universities and other HEIs to gain international experiences in the course of their studies. They enhance transnational cooperation in the European Higher Education Area by building bridges at the crossroads of education, research, innovation, serving society and economy. In this article, the authors reflect on their experiences in the conception, planning, organisation and implementation of a joint international blended course between Freie Universität Berlin and Universidad Complutense de Madrid in the field of sustainable development in the summer semester of 2022. The course was offered within the framework of the Erasmus+ KA3 project “Online Pedagogical Resources for European Universities” (OpenU project).

Accuracy and Limitations of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients with Positive Nodes.

Background Axillary surgical management in patients with node-positive breast cancer at the time of diagnosis converted to negative nodes through neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains unclear. Removal of more than two sentinel nodes (SLNs) in these patients may decrease the false negative rate (FNR) of sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs). We aim to analyse the detection rate (DR) and the FNR of SLNB assessment according to the number of SLNs removed. Methods A retrospective study was performed from October 2012 to December 2018. Patients with invasive breast cancer who had a clinically node-positive disease at diagnosis and with a complete axillary response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. Patients included underwent SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after NAC. The SLN was considered positive if any residual disease was detected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the clinicopathologic features and the results of SLNB and ALND. The DR of SLNB was defined as the number of patients with successful identification of SLN. Presence of residual disease in ALND and negative SLN was considered false negative. Results A total of 368 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery after complete NAC were studied. Of them, 85 patients met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.8 years. Systematic lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients, with an average of 10 lymph nodes removed. The DR of SLNB was 92.9%, and the FNR was 19.1. The median number of SLNs removed was 3, and at least, three SLNs were obtained in 42 patients (53.2%). When at least three sentinel nodes were removed, the FNR decreased to 8.7%. Conclusions In this cohort, the SLN assessment was associated with an adequate DR and a high FNR. Removing three or more SLNs decreased the FNR from 19.1% to 8.7%. Complementary approaches may be considered for axillary lymph node staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The study was approved by our institution's ethics committee (Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCEI:20/0048).

Klippel-Feil Syndrome: morphological findings in a 19th-century musealized skull from Viana del Bollo (Orense, Spain)

The aim of this study is to show the cranial alterations that Klippel-Feil syndrome produced in a case older than 200 years. Few paleopathological case studies diagnosed as Klippel-Feil Syndrome are focused on cranial abnormalities. A skull numbered 778, belonging to the Federico Olóriz Aguilera collection (Spain, 19th century AD), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, belonging to a young man born in a town in the North of Spain, was investigated. This cranium was visually inspected, hence macroscopically and paleoradiologically studied, using the images obtained through conventional radiology and CT scan imaging. In addition to the vertebral fusion between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2), atlanto-occipital fusion, basilar impression, obliteration of the sagittal suture, enlarged parietal foramina and significant craniofacial asymmetry affecting maxillary bones, sphenoid, orbits, nasal bones and both palatines were observed. Morphological findings make it possible to diagnose a Klippel-Feil syndrome, possibly type-II, although the lack of the rest of the spinal column renders it impossible to verify other spinal anomalies. As a limitation, only the cranium and two cervical vertebrae were preserved, hence the possible involvement of the rest of the skeleton cannot be verified.

Preparedness and satisfaction of European medical students: development and validation of the EUSPSQ.

In Europe, during an era of globalization in which traveling and studying abroad is becoming easier and more affordable, an open question remains on whether different European medical schools educate students with a dissimilar level of preparedness and/or satisfaction. To develop and validate the EUropean Students' Preparedness and Satisfaction Questionnaire (EUSPSQ), a standardized European tool to assess preparedness and satisfaction in medical education. 30 participants belonging to the 5th and 6th year of two different European medical schools (Sapienza University of Rome and Universidad Complutense de Madrid) participated in the validation of the study. A standard validation protocol that included item development, test-retesting, and a series of statistical validation analyses, was used. Feasibility, test-retest reliability, inter-item reliability were assessed quantitatively. Face validity was evaluated qualitatively by an expert professor in the field. Test-retest and inter-item reliability were considered satisfactory for all the parts of the questionnaire. Part III and IV presented lower Cohen's kappa values, probably as a consequence of their inherent subjectivity. When one item in Part III was removed, the Cronbach's alpha values of both initial and 48h answers consider-ably increased (-0.355 to 0.713 and -0.202 to 0.808 respectively). We therefore decided to eliminate the question from the EUSPSQ. Internal and external validity were considered appropriate. The questionnaire was also feasible and viable to complete. Preliminary findings indicate that the EUSPSQ can be a valid, viable and reliable questionnaire to measure preparedness and satisfaction of 5th and 6th year medical students across different European Universities.

Algunos problemas y retos de la Iglesia castellana en los comienzos del siglo XV (1406–1420), by Santiago González Sánchez

At slightly over one hundred pages of text, this is a small book featuring generous print and comfortably sized margins, making for a visually pleasant reading experience. Alongside a minute conclusion and even briefer introduction, it consists of ten short chapters and a fairly comprehensive list of references. It contains no index, maps, charts or figures. True to Spanish scholarly tradition, footnotes are detailed and serve to add morsels of information, which rarely digress and tie in well with the main narrative. The reader is not told that the book is essentially a revised fragment of Santiago González Sánchez’s doctoral thesis on the subject of Castilian political life between 1406 and 1420, researched under the guidance of the distinguished medievalist Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada and presented in 2010 to the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. The book is the second of three instalments of the thesis to have been published as...

A global research trends of neuromarketing: 2015-2020

he growth interesting in discovering the consumers’ behaviours, emotional and cognitive processes in marketing research have led to an increasing number of publications. This paper evaluates the global research trends in the neuromarketing/consumer neuroscience domain based on the most productive journals, countries, institutions, authors, the number of documents and citations. This paper was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework in selecting all relevant documents for this bibliometric study. A total of 119 documents have been extracted and analysed from the Scopus database. The findings revealed that Spain is the leading country in this field of research with 21 publications, and the most productive institution was Universidad Complutense de Madrid, with seven documents. In addition, Ma, Q. is the most prolific author with four publications and 11 citations. Interestingly, although Frontiers in Psychology is the most productive journal with 11 publications, the Comunicar journal has the highest average citation per item. Keywords and citation analysis are highly significant to know the most impactful documents and words in neuromarketing. For example, EEG (18 occurrences and 43 total link strength) mean EEG occurrence 22 times, and total link strength for these occurrences are 43 links with neuromarketing theme. Chew L.H. et al., have published the most cited document with 27 citations. We believe that our study will provide a comprehensive overview of global trends in the neuromarketing domain.

Interview with Professor Paul Preston

Paul Preston (Liverpool, 1946) has been professor in international history at the London School of Economics since 1991 and is the honorary president of the Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies. Renowned for his work on the Spanish Civil War and Francoist dictatorship, Preston’s internationally acclaimed books include A People Betrayed (2020), The Last Days of the Spanish Republic (2016), The Spanish Holocaust (2012), The Spanish Civil War (2006), Doves of War: Four Women of Spain (2002), Comrades! Portraits from the Spanish Civil War (1999) and Franco: A Biography (1993). An English-language edition of his latest work Arquitectos del terror: Franco y los artífices del odio, published in Spanish in 2021, is due for publication in Autumn 2022. Preston was interviewed in January 2021 by Deborah Madden, a Leverhulme Trust research fellow at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Preston offers intriguing insight into his research, discussing the politics of sexual violence, memory politics, research as a form of activism and his main regret as a historian. The following transcript has been edited for length and clarity.

Taylorella asinigenitalis: raising awareness of its importance and presence in equine and asinine populations.

Taylorella equigenitalis has long been recognised as a causative agent of contagious equine metritis, but practitioners may be less familiar with Taylorella asinigenitalis, which has been identified more recently. Here, Abel Dorrego, Consuelo Serres and Fatima Cruz-Lopez of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid describe T asinigenitalis and report the findings of a survey they carried out in donkeys in Spain.

Actitudes de estudiantes universitarios bilingües y de intercambio sobre la competencia global e intercultural

This research investigates bilingual and study abroad college students’ intercultural attitudes on their understanding of global competence at Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain). To achieve this goal, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed based on the OECD framework for global competence. A total of 203 college students (157 females, 46 males) participated in this study. Results suggest that students seek to understand others and demonstrate interest in how people from various cultures see the world, and they are able to explain global issues such as climate change and pandemics. In addition, female college students show a greater predisposition to discuss issues such as gender equality. These results highlight the importance of international mobility programmes to prepare students for an increasingly multicultural, global and interconnected society.

Editorial introductions.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology was launched in 2001. It is one of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The fields of allergy and clinical immunology are divided into 14 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Journal's Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS M. Teresa (Maite) de la MorenaM. Teresa (Maite) de la MorenaM. Teresa (Maite) de la Morena is Professor of Pediatrics in the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology at University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, USA. She graduated from medical school at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. This was followed by residency and fellowships training in pediatrics, allergy and immunology, and laboratory immunology at the University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA. Dr de La Morena has a clinical interest in allergy and immunology, clinical immunology with particular focus on the primary immunodeficiency diseases. Her research interests include long term clinical outcomes of patients with X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome and microRNAs in primary immunodeficiency disorders, including their role in thymic development. Stephen JollesStephen JollesDr Jolles is a Consultant Clinical Immunologist and Honorary Professor at the University Hospital of Wales, UK. He is Clinical Lead in the Immunodeficiency Centre of Wales and Co-Director of the Hub Immunology Diagnostic Laboratory of Wales. Dr Jolles trained in immunology and allergy, and obtained his PhD on Langerhans cell migration at the National Institute for Medical Research, London. He has a particular interest in the clinical use of immunoglobulin and its mechanism of action and research interests include development of new therapeutic products, new screening strategies to improve the laboratory diagnosis of primary and secondary immunodeficiency and allergy, and better ways to monitor primary immunodeficiency disease and the impact of treatments. Giovanni PassalacquaGiovanni PassalacquaProf. Giovanni Passalacqua was born in Genoa in 1964, graduated in 1990 from the Genoa University Medical School, Italy, and was appointed by the specialty degrees in Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Medicine in 1994 and 2002. He is the Co-Chairman of the Immunotherapy Scientific Committee of the WAO and member of the ARIA editorial board. Prof. Passalacqua serves as a section editor for Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and also as a reviewer for Allergy, JACI, Clin Exp Allergy and ERJ. Prof. Passalacqua is the co-author of several international position papers, including ARIA guidelines, WAO Pos pap on SLIT, EAACI Pos Pap on local immunotherapy. His main fields of research are sublingual immunotherapy, mechanisms of allergic inflammation, antihistamines, corticosteroids, respiratory allergy, hymenoptera venom allergy. Under the chairmanship of Professor Canonica, he developed and investigated sublingual immunotherapy in the last 20 years. He has had 450 full articles published in peer reviewed journals indexed in MedLine plus 15 chapters in international handbooks. He currently heads the Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Department, and chairs the Specialty School in Respiratory Diseases, University of Genoa, Italy. Robert BushRobert BushDr Robert Bush received his MD degree from West Virginia University, USA. After completing his residency in internal medicine and fellowship in allergy and immunology at the University of Wisconsin – Madison, USA, he joined the faculty. He is currently Professor (Emeritus) of Medicine and was the former Chief of Allergy at the William S Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. His research interests include sublingual immunotherapy, allergen characterization, fungal allergy, food allergy, and occupational asthma.

Action and seduction

Action and seduction

Tribunal Theatre in Spain: Jauría and the La Manada Gang Rape

Jauría (2019) was the first tribunal verbatim play in Spain and it had a great impact on audiences in the context of heated debate about how national legislation had a long-standing legacy of sexism. Based on the transcripts of the legal proceedings of the La Manada gang-rape case, Jauría not only clarifies this controversial case for different types of audiences, but it also poses very important questions concerning the nature of rape and how the judicial system treats the victims of rape. This article studies the performative force of tribunal verbatim in shaping the audience’s understanding of an actual gang-rape case and indicates how a feedback loop is created in the performance itself, transforming the spectators’ attitudes. Svetlana Antropova is a lecturer at Villanueva University in Madrid. Her recent publications include ‘Filming Trauma: Bodiless Voice and Voiceless Bodies in Beckett’s Eh Joe’, in Elspeth McInnes and Danielle Schaub, eds., What Happened? Re-presenting Traumas, Uncovering Recoveries (Brill/Rodopi 2019), and ‘De/Construction of Visual Stage Image in Samuel Beckett’s Play’ (Anagnórisis: Revista de Investigación Teatral, XXII, 2020). Elisa García Mingo is an associate professor in Sociology at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and is an associate member of the Centre for Transforming Sexualities and Gender at the University of Brighton.