Time-dependent drives hold promise for realizing non-equilibrium many-body phenomena that are absent in undriven systems1-3. Yet, drive-induced heating normally destabilizes the systems4,5, which can be parametrically suppressed in the high-frequency regime by using periodic (Floquet) drives6,7. It remains largely unknown to what extent highly controllable quantum simulators can suppress heating in non-periodically driven systems. Here, using the 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor, Chuang-tzu 2.0, we report the experimental observation of long-lived prethermal phases in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, characterized by n-multipolar temporal correlations. By measuring both the particle imbalance and subsystem entanglement entropy, we monitor the entire heating process over 1,000 driving cycles and observe the existence of the prethermal plateau. The prethermal lifetime is 'doubly tunable': one way by driving frequency, the other way by multipolar order; it grows algebraically with the frequency with the universal scaling exponent 2n+1. Using quantum-state tomography on different subsystems, we demonstrate a non-uniform spatial entanglement distribution and observe a crossover from area-law to volume-law entanglement scaling. With 78 qubits and 137 couplers in a two-dimensional configuration, the entire far-from-equilibrium heating dynamics are beyond the reach of simulation using tensor-network numerical techniques. Our work highlights superconducting quantum processors as a powerful platform for exploring universal scaling laws and non-equilibrium phases of matter in driven systems in regimes where classical simulation faces formidable challenges.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising next-generation materials for high-performance optoelectronic devices due to their structural tunability and versatile physical properties. In this work, bis(triethylammonium) chlorocuprate(ii), [(C2H5)3NH]2CuCl4 was successfully synthesized via a slow evaporation method. The crystal structure, morphology, and optical and electrical properties of [(C2H5)3NH]2CuCl4 were systematically investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and complex impedance spectroscopy. PXRD analysis reveals that the compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a centrosymmetric P21/c space group at room temperature. SEM observations show uniformly distributed grains with an average size of approximately 17.5 µm, separated by well-defined grain boundaries, while EDS analysis confirms the expected elemental composition, indicating successful synthesis of the hybrid material. Raman spectroscopy confirms the coexistence of vibrational modes characteristic of both the organic and inorganic components. Optical absorption measurements recorded in the 200–800 nm range reveal a wide direct band gap of approximately 2.36 ± 0.004 eV, characteristic of semiconducting hybrid perovskites. Electrical investigations demonstrate that the AC conductivity follows Jonscher's universal power law, indicating a thermally activated charge transport process over the investigated frequency range. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the frequency exponent s reveals that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model governs the electrical conduction mechanism in the studied material. Furthermore, complex modulus analysis provides additional insight into the relaxation behavior and the dominant electrical transport mechanisms.

ABSTRACT Over the past few years, a great deal of research has been dedicated to the development of eco‐friendly advanced materials, which have numerous applications in fields such as multiferroics, sensors, actuators, and transducer devices. This article presents the synthesis and characterization of the structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of a PVDF‐Bi 2 WO 6 composite material over a wide range of frequencies (1 kHz–1 MHz) and temperatures (25°C—125°C). The composite was fabricated by the conventional solution casting method. XRD and FTIR studies confirm that the composite film PVDF‐0.2wt% Bi 2 WO 6 exhibits an approximate 44% β‐phase fraction, indicating that nearly half of the material exists in the electroactive β‐crystalline phase. The surface morphology of the composites was evaluated by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which shows uniform grain distributions in the microstructural image, with grains of different sizes and a few voids. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) studies show that the sample is pure (equivalent weight and atomic percentages). The dielectric composite with εᵣ = 243 and tan δ = 0.08 could be applied to high‐capacitance energy‐storage capacitors and low‐frequency power electronic devices. AC conductivity has shown frequency dependence according to Jonscher's universal power law and is controlled by the correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism. The composites exhibit ferroelectric properties, with a remanent polarization, maximum polarization, coercivity, and maximum electric field for the composite film are 0.003, 0.0124 μC/cm 2 , 9.412, and 30.7176 kV/cm, respectively.

The article undertakes a detailed examination of the Sōka Gakkai religious movement in relation to its historical origins, underlying motivations, and defining characteristics, and through a comparative analytical framework it demonstrates how the movement’s model of religious education, together with Islamic educational systems, has acquired institutional functionality within modern societies. By investigating the dynamic interplay among ritual practices, institutional structures, and pedagogical principles, the study reveals that despite theological divergences, diverse religious traditions have evolved structurally analogous mechanisms. The findings further establish that such resemblance is not limited to the pedagogical sphere but extends to both the liturgical order and the processes of religious education, which collectively assume a dual role by reinforcing social cohesion while simultaneously cultivating individual spiritual equanimity. Methodologically, the research is situated within a qualitative paradigm, employing literature review and pattern analysis; primary sources consist of the discourse and official publications of Sōka Gakkai, while secondary sources comprise scholarly studies on both Sōka Gakkai and Islamic educational systems. The analysis demonstrates that Sōka Gakkai integrates doctrine and praxis within a distinctive model of religious education. Makiguchi’s pedagogy of value creation is transposed into the learning process through its synthesis with the principle of buppō (the universal law of the Buddha’s teaching), while ritual practices such as gongyō (the daily recitation of selected passages from the Lotus Sūtra) and daimoku (the chanting of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo) are transformed into mechanisms of collective learning through discussion meetings and textual materials. This configuration positions the movement not merely as a religious community but also as a social actor assuming pedagogical and cultural functions. Within the Islamic tradition, a Qur’an-centered liturgical order—including prayer, supplication, the mosque, and formal educational institutions—generates a multilayered learning ecosystem that integrates doctrine, ritual, and institutional structure. In this light, the article undertakes a comparative analysis of these systems, elucidating the functional dimensions that religious education assumes in modern societies and thereby contributes to the literature of both religious education and the history of religions from an interdisciplinary perspective. Accordingly, the study establishes a comprehensive point of reference for scholars investigating the educational frameworks of new religious movements in Japan as well as the institutionalized mechanisms of education within the Islamic tradition.

Contemporary psychology stands at a turning point. During the past century, its subfields—Clinical, Behavioural, Cognitive, Neuroscientific, and Social—have expanded rapidly, yet the discipline itself has become fragmented. Each school illuminates a segment of experience while the indivisible person, who thinks, feels, and acts as one, remains conceptually divided among them. Holistic Psychology emerges as a doctrinal response to this crisis of separation, proposing a unified science grounded in the principle that reality is relational and that awareness is a formative, not derivative, property of life. This paper establishes Holistic Psychology as a new paradigm that integrates consciousness, culture, and ecology within a single ontological framework. It revisits the philosophical foundations of psychology through four converging traditions: phenomenology’s return to lived experience, systems theory’s vision of self-organizing wholes, process philosophy’s dynamic view of interrelated events, and the contemplative psychologies of Asia that study awareness through disciplined observation. From this synthesis arise three first axioms—indivisibility of the person, interdependence as universal law, and analysis as servant of synthesis—which together redefine both knowledge and care as complementary movements of understanding. By linking contemporary research in neuroscience, ecological psychology, and cultural studies with timeless contemplative insight, Holistic Psychology constructs a coherent framework for studying well-being as harmony rather than mere adjustment. It seeks to restore unity between data and meaning, science and ethics, method and compassion. The doctrine thus inaugurates a scientific humanism fit for the complexity of the twenty-first century—a psychology not of fragments but of wholeness, relation, and renewal.

The BRICS grouping functions as a civilizational project that realizes unique strategies of identification, self-identification, and image formation on the geopolitical arena. The topicality of the BRICS’ image study is determined by its growing role in the international setup. The present study seeks to examine the BRICS’ metaphorical modelling in the mass-media discourse of one of its member states, the Republic of South Africa. The research data were collected from the News on the Web Corpus. The illustrative corpus was compiled based on thematic, chronological, and frequency principles with the help of computer-aided and manual processing. A total of 521 metaphors were selected from 1000 texts. The methodological foundation of the study is the theory of image schemas, as proposed by M. Johnson and G. Lakoff. The metaphors were studied through quantitative and qualitative methods: quantitative estimation, metaphorical modelling, cognitive, discursive, linguistic and cultural analysis. The findings of this study suggest that despite a relatively low metaphor density in South African media discourse, the BRICS image is structured by more than 10 source domains. The frequency of similar image schemas (e.g., SOURCE-PATH-GOAL, CONTAINER, CENTRE-PERIPHERY, FORCE, LINK, etc.) underlying the metaphors is linked to their capacity to reflect the fundamental characteristics of the grouping: multipolarity, national sovereignty, equality, and mutual beneficial cooperation. Family, game and sport, body, and animal metaphors, based on social and biological archetypes, were found more culturally marked than those relying on universal physical laws (path, mechanism, architecture, war, celestial body). The research contributes to the development of medialinguistics, which provides a solid theoretical and analytical framework for studying international relations and phenomena from a linguistic perspective.

According to the principles established by the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the revised Code of Canon Law describes the function of ecclesiastical property as an instrument for the sanctification and teaching of the Church. Although the Code of Canon Law upholds the conventional principle that the Church has an inherent right to acquire property by all legitimate means, the legal provisions governing the Church’s material assets are negligible. Tax collection is a peripheral area within this legal framework. The peculiarity of this institution is due to its public law character. Consequently, this area has historically been subject to concurrent state and Church jurisdiction. In this study, the Hungarian Church is used as a model to trace the changes in universal Church law to the present day. This paper highlights the exposure to state systems and the political debates concerning the fiscal aspects of Church support. This work illustrates that the Hungarian system was and is a follower of broader European models. A distinction is made between ecclesiastical and civil law issues, both in terms of terminology and jurisdiction. This research demonstrates a clear difference in mentality between theologically based canon law and modern civil law systems, not only regarding taxation but also tax exemptions.

Based on the anthropological cultural circle theory, this study systematically sorts out the core characteristics of Kinnara/Kinnari in the Theravada Buddhism cultural circle of South and Southeast Asia, as well as their localized evolution path after being introduced to the Dai-inhabited areas of Yunnan, China. Adopting the literature research method, field investigation method, and comparative research method, this study first verifies the cross-regional unity of the Kinnara/Kinnari cultural circle, then analyzes the dual-track localization logic of the “Kinnara Dance” and “Peacock Dance” in the Dai-inhabited areas of China, and finally distinguishes the similarities and differences between the two and the core elements of the Kinnara/Kinnari cultural circle from the dimensions of mythological connotations, artistic forms, and cultural functions. The research results indicate that cultural identity is not a static and fixed entity but a dynamically constructed product in the process of cross-cultural interaction. By transforming and adapting elements of the cultural circle, the Dai people have shaped a unique artistic identity in the dialogue between South and Southeast Asian cultures and local characteristics. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the protection of cross-border cultural heritage and artistic mutual learning in the context of globalization. Highlights Addresses critical gaps in existing scholarship: Fills the research void regarding potential linkages between Kinnara/Kinnari culture—previously examined primarily within core regions of the Theravada Buddhist cultural sphere in South and Southeast Asia—and Chinese Dai culture. It also addresses the insufficient discussion of cross-cultural origins in prior studies on the Chinese Dai Peacock Dance, which have notably focused on single-region case descriptions. Establishes a systematic cross-cultural analytical framework: For the first time, explicitly connects South and Southeast Asian Kinnara/Kinnari culture with the Chinese Dai Peacock Dance, while delineating the complete cultural trajectory of “Indian origin → Southeast Asian dissemination → localization among the Chinese Dai people.” Derives generalizable academic conclusions: Summarizes universal laws governing the localization of South and Southeast Asian cultures through in-depth analysis of specific cultural cases, thereby providing valuable insights for analogous cross-border and cross-ethnic cultural research.

Polycrystalline compounds of lanthanum calcium manganite La1 − xCaxMnO3, (LCMO) are extensively utilized in energy conversion systems because of their low losses and features related to the transfer of electric charges. This work aimed to examine the impact of different levels of Ca2+ replacements (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) on the adjustment of the optical band gap and dielectric losses in La1 − xCaxMnO3 nanoparticles. The synthesized samples underwent structural analysis using X-ray diffraction. All generated samples were proven to have an orthorhombic Rbar{3}c crystal structure. The estimated crystallite size ranged from 25 nm to 32 nm, and other lattice characteristics were also determined. An agglomerated spherical form consisting of nanoparticles with a range of (33–46 nm) can be seen in the scanning electron micrographs of all of the LCMO samples. The nanoparticles had a moderate size distribution and were influenced by narrower grain boundaries. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was utilized to verify the elemental makeup of each chemical, while the infrared spectrum revealed bonding in the fingerprint region. A considerable decrease in the optical band gap was detected through the analysis of UV spectrometer absorption data. The band gap exhibited a reduction from 3.95 eV to 3.74 eV. The decrease was determined to be associated with the disparity in refractive index, which was computed using both Moss and Herve-Vandamme equations. Simultaneously, frequency-dependent dielectric study indicated a direct correlation between frequency and the rise in Ca concentration, resulting in an inverse impact on dielectric loss. In addition, the electrical conductivity of these nano-system that were created design as the Ca content grew. This increase was represented by Johnscher’s universal power law in the high frequency range.

Most people believe that time is continuous, but we assume the opposite is true; moreover, by modelling time as discrete, the rules and laws of nature can be efficiently described in a unitary 4D xyzt space [1,2]. In a previous article entitled 101 Authors Against Einstein [2], we presented scathing critiques of Albert Einstein's theories of relativity, explaining and proving how Einstein's SR and GR theories are fundamentally incomplete and misleading due to a poor understanding of the underlying universal laws of physics. We also assume that the main reason for Einstein's errors in general relativity is that he started from the mathematical Riemann space where time is a continuous scalar and inadequate to demonstrate the physical laws in the unitary 4D xyzt space [3,4]. In this article, we examine the link between the discretization of time, the universal laws of physics, and Einstein's theories of special and general relativity, demonstrating that [3,4,5]:  Special Relativity is a Special Case of General Relativity. Special relativity and general relativity form a single theory.  Einstein's Theory of Gravitation in 1915 Led to the Erroneous Conclusion that Gravity is Not a Force, but a Consequence of the Curvature of Space Time. We show that gravity is a real force that curves space-time, and not the other way around. We also present and define the rules and foundations of discrete time theory. Finally, it should be clarified that this article is not intended to diminish the achievements of the great Einstein, such as the discovery of the laser theory 50 years before its practical application, but rather to dispel any misconceptions about his theories if any.  Note: If you are Not Familiar with the Universal Laws of Physics, Please Stop Reading. This article is not intended for you.

Quantifying space exploration is a central question in random walk theory, with direct applications to animal foraging, diffusion-limited reactions, cell motility, and stock markets. The explored domain of memoryless (Markovian) walkers is well understood, but real systems generally exhibit strong memory effects, complicating analysis. We introduce the flip: in one dimension, where the visited territory is , a flip occurs when, after visiting , the walker next discovers rather than (and vice-versa). Although it coincides with the classical splitting probability for Markovian systems, we show that the flip probability reveals the universal impact of memory, or history dependence, on exploration: obeying the universal law πn∝1/n regardless of the dynamics, Markovian or not. We confirm this behavior in simulations of non-Markovian models and in experimental databanks. We then identify the mechanism behind its universality and extend it to higher-dimensional and fractal domains.

A burning droplet in normal gravity inevitably encounters buoyant convection set up by the flame, which can significantly impact its shrinkage kinetics traditionally described by the D 2 -law. However, the detailed mechanism governing droplet vapourisation under such self-generated flame-driven buoyant convection remains elusive. Here, we present both experimental and theoretical evidence highlighting the critical role of buoyant convection in droplet combustion. Experimentally, we precisely measure the values of the shrinkage exponent n for various liquid fuels, revealing a significant departure from the D 2 -law. While the measured n values consistently fall within the narrow range 2.6–2.7, they exhibit a slight increase with the fuel’s boiling point. A more general and in-depth theory is also developed to explain such small but systematic variations, revealing that differences in flow and thermal boundary layer structures – arising from varying combustion intensities – may account for the observed trends. Our theory predicts three distinct values of n , namely 2.6, 8/3 ≈ 2.67 and 35/13 ≈ 2.69, successfully capturing slight differences in n among various fuels. This is the first study demonstrating that the shrinkage kinetics in droplet vapourisation driven by flame-induced buoyant convection is nearly universal, determined solely by the underlying transport mechanisms, although these can be significantly altered due to their high susceptibility to detailed fuel chemistry and combustion kinetics. The present theoretical framework not only enables accurate prediction and control of burning droplet behaviour, but also is extendable to analyse more complex combustion processes involving a broader range of fuel types and flow conditions.

We glue together two copies of pure anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetime along their conformal boundaries creating a manifold without boundaries. The resulting space, which in dimension d + 2 we denote by A d S ± d + 2 , has the topology of S 2 × Σ d , where Σ d is a d manifold without boundary. Acting with Z n on the S 2 factor amounts to coupling a pair of membranes at the north and south poles of the two-sphere. Moreover, extending the domain of the two-sphere polar coordinate from [ 0 , π ] to the interval [ 0 , ( 2 N − 1 ) π ] , where N > 1 , enables the coupling of one stack of N coincident membranes at each pole of the two-sphere ( 2 N membranes in total). Assuming the existence of a quantum gravity theory on the glued spacetime, we compute the classical approximation of the entanglement entropy across an entangling surface consisting of the two antipodal stacks of membranes. We find that the resulting entropy exhibits a boundary cutoff divergence that can be canceled by taking the limit of an infinite number of membranes. This large- N cancelation—possible only in the doubled, extended geometry without boundaries—yields a finite, universal quarter-area law. The calculation does not require details of the quantum theory other than its infrared limit, which we assume to be Einstein gravity.

The article is devoted to a relevant issue in philology and philosophy- the principle of speech economy, also referred to as the economy of linguistic effort, speech effort economy, conservation of effort, conservation of linguistic resources, or economy of linguistic means, which influences the development of language. The essence of the phenomenon lies in the fact that during communication, multiple words are often replaced by a single one. It is shown that this principle is a specific instance of the global principle of least effort, as well as Mach’s principle of the economy of thought. The ontology of the phenomenon is examined, and it is demonstrated that speech economy occurs in light of the laws of dialectics and is connected to them. It is established that the principle of speech economy is a fundamental law and even a driving force behind the development of all languages. It is shown that this problem is being considered for the first time specifically through the lens of dialectical laws. It is shown that, from a philosophical point of view, speech is the externalization of a product of thought, which is born and developed on the basis of sensations, perceptions, and representations arising in the course of any activity. Thus, we come to the conclusion that, philosophically speaking, if language is a tool for the externalization of consciousness and thoughts, then speech is a tool for their materialization- and not only in humans. It is established that in both written and oral communication, simplification should be recognized as a crucial aspect and the very essence of the principle of speech economy- provided that semantic integrity and value are preserved. It is proposed that the law of speech economy should not be regarded as a fully universal law. There may be cases where, on the contrary, an increase in speech effort is necessary- that is, the phenomenon of speech dissipation or the dissipation of speech effort is also possible.

In order to scientifically judge the quality status and management effect of stand, the multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method of stand quality was studied. Based on the principles of comprehensiveness, scientificity and operability, this research selected nine evaluation contents from two aspects of stand structure and stand vitality, including vertical structure, horizontal structure, age structure, tree species composition, stand density, stand growth, stand regeneration, large-diameter tree and tree health. Firstly, the specific evaluation indicators were given to each content to form the stand quality evaluation system, and then a bran-new stand quality comprehensive evaluation index (FQ) was constructed based on the unit circle method. By comparing the stand quality of typical forest types in 27 plots of 7 regions in China, the validity, scientificity and accuracy of the index were demonstrated. The results were as follows: (1) The stand quality of natural mixed forests was significantly better than that of natural pure forests, and the stand quality of artificial mixed forests was generally better than that of artificial pure forests; (2) The stand quality grades of natural mixed forests were all ≥ grade II, among which the stand quality grades of some natural mixed forests were grade I; (3) The stand quality grades of artificial mixed forests mainly were grade III, the stand quality of natural mixed forests was significantly better than that of artificial mixed forests; (4) In pure forests, only part of the natural pure forest stand quality grades were grade III, the quality grades of other pure forests were grade IV, especially the quality grades of artificial pure forests were grade IV. In comparison, the stand quality of artificial pure forests was the worst. The evaluation results obtained by the index constructed in this research were intuitive and reliable, which were in line with the objective reality and universal law of the actual stands. It could be seen that the multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method of stand quality proposed in this research could scientifically and fairly evaluate the stand quality of different forest types in different regions. At the same time, it also provided an important theoretical basis and analysis tool for the problem diagnosis of stand quality, the accurate improvement of stand quality and the decision-making of forest management.

Using video microscopy and computer simulations, we study the diffusion dynamics of colloidal particles in continuous potential energy landscapes at quasi-two-dimensions. The potential energy landscapes are constructed using scanning optical tweezers in the experiments, and the diffusion coefficients are extracted from the long-time mean squared displacements of tracer particles. We discover a universal relation that quantitatively determines the normalized long-time diffusion coefficient of a colloidal particle from the shape of the potential energy landscape, characterized by the Shannon information entropy S_{N} and a generalized packing fraction ϕ. This relation is validated in a wide range of potential distributions, and over a large dynamic range. As all elemental diffusions can be considered as a dynamical process of exploring an external potential energy landscape by a diffusing particle, this universal law, which reduces multidimensional potential distributions to two dimensionless numbers, provides a quantitative tool to study dynamical phenomena in a wide range of complex environments, where general analytical or empirical models are lacking.

A universal scaling law in complex systems

Universal law for how objects shatter

This article discusses Muhammad Syahrur's hermeneutical approach in understanding hadith and its implications for the position of the Prophet Muhammad in the Islamic legal system. Syahrur, as a contemporary Syrian thinker, offers a rational and contextual approach to religious texts, including hadith, which have been positioned as the main source of law after the Qur'an. In his hermeneutical framework, Syahrur distinguishes between “nusus” (text) and “fahm” (understanding), and emphasizes the importance of contextual reading of hadith by considering the times and social realities. He views that the authority of the Prophet as the bearer of revelation is limited in a particular historical context, so that not all actions of the Prophet are automatically binding as the basis of universal law. This view raises a critical discourse on the authority of hadith in the construction of Islamic law and opens a wider space for ijtihad for Muslims today. The article also examines the responses to Shahrur's ideas, both from supporters of Islamic thought reform and from those who maintain the traditional approach. In doing so, it seeks to contribute to the contemporary discourse on the methodology of understanding hadith and the role of the Prophet in the modern Islamic legal system.

This paper examines hatred and rehumanization through the perspectives of Hannah Arendt and Simone Weil, both of whom were profoundly influenced by 20th-century totalitarianism. Arendt examines hatred through its political and systemic expressions, notably her concept of the banality of evil, which links widespread complicity to thoughtlessness—a failure of critical and empathetic engagement. She presents peace as an active, public state that requires plurality, political action, and ongoing judgment to oppose ideological suppression. Conversely, Weil investigates the metaphysical and spiritual aspects of hatred, viewing it as a "fundamental distortion of the human spirit" connected to the dehumanizing effects of force. Her approach to peace involves inner spiritual liberation achieved through attention (a selfless openness to reality), decreation (the dissolution of the ego), and acceptance of necessity (surrender to universal laws). Together, Arendt's call for vigilant public engagement and Weil's focus on deep inner transformation provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and overcoming hatred, indicating that true rehumanization requires both external political action and profound internal change.