Unique Identity Research Articles

Cultural Branding as a Tool for Enhancing Tourism in Albania

Cultural branding is a powerful tool for tourism promotion especially for countries with rich heritage and diverse cultural traditions. This study is focused on the concept of cultural branding in Albanian tourism and how effective it is in creating an identity that mainly targets international visitors. The research is based on a qualitative methodology using a case study approach to provide an in depth analysis of cultural branding strategies and their impact on tourism. Data was collected through semi structured interviews with key stakeholders, tourism officials and marketing experts and secondary data from official reports and promotional campaigns. Thematic analysis was used to identify major patterns and how cultural elements, storytelling and community engagement have contributed to creating a unique tourism identity for Albania. Key findings show that using UNESCO World Heritage sites, traditional music, local gastronomy and crafts effectively engages tourists and promotes authentic experiences. But challenges like maintaining cultural integrity and avoiding commercialization were noted. The study highlights the need to balance modern marketing techniques with cultural authenticity. Recommendations are to involve local community and invest in digital storytelling to attract broader audiences and sustain visitor interest. Received:19 August 2024 / Accepted: 18 November 2024 / Published: 3 December 2024

Re-Reading Zadia Smith’s White Teeth through the lens of Lacanian Psychoanalysis

Zadie Smith's acclaimed novel White Teeth explores the complexities of identity, belonging, and cultural hybridity in multi-ethnic London. This paper offers a Lacanian psychoanalytic reading of the novel, delving into the ways in which Smith's characters grapple with the fragmented nature of the self and the elusive quest for a stable, unified identity. Lacanian psychoanalysis can provide a distinct and insightful understanding of the intergenerational and cultural conflicts depicted in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth. Therefore, the present study examines how the protagonists navigate the uncanny experience of confronting the inherent split and lack at the core of their being. It also explores how the characters' attempts to construct coherent identities are constantly undermined by the intrusion of the reality, the return of the repressed, and the inescapable influence of the symbolic structures that shape their subjectivities.

Certificateless Public Integrity Checking of Group Shared Data in Cloud Storage

Cloud storage service supplies people with an efficient method to share data within a group. The cloud server is not trustworthy, so lots of remote data possession checking (RDPC) protocols are proposed and thought to be an effective way to ensure the data integrity. However, most of RDPC protocols are based on the mechanism of traditional public key infrastructure (PKI), which has obvious security flaw and bears big burden of certificate management. To avoid this shortcoming, identity-based cryptography (IBC) is often chosen to be the basis of RDPC. Unfortunately, IBC has an inherent drawback of key escrow. To solve these problems, we utilize the technique of certificateless signature to present a new RDPC protocol for checking the integrity of data shared among a group. In our scheme, user's private key includes two parts: a partial key generated by the group manager and a secret value chosen by herself/himself. To ensure the right public keys are chosen during the data integrity checking, the public key of each user is associated with her unique identity, for example the name or telephone number. Thus, the certificate is not needed and the problem of key escrow is eliminated too. Meanwhile, the data integrity can still be audited by public verifier without downloading the whole data. In addition, our scheme also supports efficient user revocation from the group. The security of our scheme is reduced to the assumptions of computational Diffie- Hellman (CDH) and discrete logarithm (DL). Experiment results exhibit that the new protocol is very efficient and feasible

It is not about autonomy: realigning the ethical debate on substitute judgement and AI preference predictors in healthcare

This article challenges two dominant assumptions in the current ethical debate over the use of algorithmic Personalised Patient Preference Predictors (P4) in substitute judgement for incapacitated patients. First, I question...

Preferential motor reinnervation is modulated by both repair site and distal nerve environments

To restore function after nerve injury, axons must regenerate from the injury site to the periphery, then reinnervate appropriate end organs when they arrive. Only 10 % of adults who suffer nerve injury will regain normal function, often because axons regenerate to functionally inappropriate targets (Brushart, 2011). The peripheral destination of these axons is largely determined by the pathways they enter at the site of nerve repair. To improve clinical outcomes, it is thus critical to improve the accuracy of axon pathfinding. In rodents, motor axons regenerating in mixed nerve preferentially reinnervate pathways leading to muscle, a process termed preferential motor reinnervation (PMR). Previous experiments have shown that PMR can be enhanced by predegenerating nerve grafts to enhance growth factor production and remove inhibitory factors (Abdullah et al., 2013). The current experiments explore the relative contributions of motor pathways, sensory pathways, and the repair environment to this enhancement. Sensory and/or motor pathways within rat femoral nerve grafts were predegenerated for 3 weeks to optimize growth factor production (Brushart et al., 2013) or for 12 weeks to deplete it. Optimizing the environment within previously motor Schwann cell tubes promoted PMR, regardless of whether adjacent sensory pathways were optimized or chronically denervated. However, this positive effect was abolished when sensory pathways were undergoing acute Wallerian degeneration immediately after nerve repair. The repair environment thus precluded motor axon pathfinding in spite of an optimized distal motor pathway. When sensory pathways were optimized and motor pathways were chronically denervated, not only was PMR abolished, but motoneurons failed to respond to the greater volume of growth factors in the sensory nerve. Small sensory neurons, however, selectively reinnervated cutaneous nerve under these conditions. These experiments thus strengthen the concept that, in adult rats, sensory and motor pathways have unique identities capable of influencing both sensory and motor axon regeneration. Furthermore, they demonstrate that, in the rat, delaying nerve repair for 3 weeks to enhance growth factor production and clear the products of acute Wallerian degeneration can enhance regeneration specificity without the need for exogenous treatments.

Balancing Tradition and Modernity: The Brand Personality of Santiniketan as a Tourist Destination

The present case study rigorously investigates the brand personality of Santiniketan, a prominent tourism destination in West Bengal, India. This research aims to explore the dominant personality dimensions that define Santiniketan’s identity and to examine potential differences in perceptions between tourists who have visited the town and those who have not. Santiniketan’s unique identity, rooted in its cultural heritage, customs and the legacy of Rabindranath Tagore, is communicated through diverse marketing campaigns and promotions. A strong and positive brand personality can set a destination apart, providing a significant competitive advantage and facilitating increased visitation rates. To evaluate Santiniketan’s brand personality, traditionally associated with peace, tranquillity and spirituality, while exploring additional dimensions such as sustainability and environmental consciousness, this study used the rigorous Destination Personality Scale by Kumar and Nayak (2018, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 42, 1, 3–25). The study employed a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative tools, to gather data from 97 respondents through focus group interviews and surveys. Participants aged 18–70 were divided into those who had visited Santiniketan and those who had not but were knowledgeable about the destination. The findings indicate that courteousness, conformity, creativity and tranquillity significantly influence tourists’ perceptions of Santiniketan, with notable differences between visitors and non-visitors. This research contributes to the literature on destination branding by comprehensively understanding Santiniketan’s brand personality, emphasizing its cultural attributes and rich heritage as critical factors in its success as a popular tourist destination. The insights gained can assist destination marketers in aligning their strategies to enhance tourists’ perceptions and increase visitation rates. This study addresses the gap in academic inquiry into Santiniketan’s brand personality, offering valuable implications for developing and promoting similar cultural heritage destinations.

Blockchain-Based Responsibility Management Framework for Smart City Building Information Modeling Projects Using Non-Fungible Tokens

In the context of digital construction, responsibility management in smart city building information modeling (BIM) projects spans the entire building lifecycle. The involvement of numerous BIM designers in project management and frequent data exchanges pose significant challenges for the traceability, immutability, and responsibility attribution of BIM models. To address these issues, this study proposes a blockchain-based responsibility management and collaboration framework for BIM projects using non-fungible tokens (NFTs), aiming to enhance the management of responsibilities and accountability in BIM projects. This research adopts a design science methodology, strictly adhering to scientific research procedures to ensure rigor. First, NFTs based on blockchain technology were developed to generate corresponding digital signatures for BIM model files. This approach ensures that each BIM model file has a unique digital identity, enhancing transparency and traceability in responsibility management. Next, the interplanetary file system (IPFS) was used to generate digital fingerprints, with the content identifier generated by IPFS uploaded to the blockchain to ensure the immutability of BIM model files. This method guarantees the integrity and security of BIM model files throughout their lifecycle. Finally, the proposed methods were validated through a blockchain network. The experimental results indicate that the proposed framework is theoretically highly feasible and demonstrates good applicability and efficiency in practical production. The constructed blockchain network meets the actual needs of responsibility management in smart city BIM projects, enhancing the transparency and reliability of project management.

Unveiling impact measurement: navigating the evolving landscape in France

Purpose This article aims to explore the growing adoption of social impact measurement (SIM) among French Social and Solidarity Economy Organizations (SSEOs) in the context of a global drive for accountability. It examines the evolution of SIM, its implications, risks and methodological challenges. Key themes include the transition from “social utility” to “social impact,” the emergence of an impact-driven market, and concerns about the limitations of standardized measurement models. The paper calls for a diverse approach to evaluation, aiming to preserve the unique identities of SSEOs and promote innovation. Design/methodology/approach This comprehensive literature review, covering both academic and grey literature, explores the evolution of SIM in French SSEOs. It focuses on regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagement and methodological principles to provide a thorough understanding of the implications and potential risks. Findings The findings highlight a major shift in public policy instruments, driven by the growing adoption of SIM within French SSEOs. While SIM methods offer opportunities, they also pose risks, such as the commodification of social impact, the rise of isomorphic practices and an overemphasis on performativity. Research limitations/implications The research implications emphasize the need to recognize how SIM affects the organizational identity of SSEOs and to foster discussions on alternative evaluation methods. A limitation of the study is its focus on French SSEOs, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other contexts within the broader social economy sector. Practical implications The article provides valuable insights for policymakers, SSEOs and stakeholders on the role of SIM in the French social economy. It advocates for critical evaluation and policy alignment to improve the sector’s overall effectiveness. Social implications The social implications involve gaining a deeper understanding of how SIM practices affect the identity and operations of French SSEOs. By emphasizing risks such as commodification and isomorphic trends, the article encourages reflection on the broader societal impacts. Originality/value The article’s originality stems from its thorough exploration of SIM’s evolution within French SSEOs. Its value lies in shedding light on the complex relationship between SIM adoption, organizational identity and societal values, thereby encouraging informed decision-making and deeper discourse within the SSEOs landscape.

Digital Marketing Strategies for Enhancing Branding in Islamic Boarding Schools: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study examines various digital marketing strategies that can improve branding efforts in pesantren. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze digital marketing strategies in improving branding in pesantren. The findings show that integrating traditional values with modern digital innovations can significantly increase the effectiveness of branding efforts in pesantren. In addition, community engagement through various outreach programs increases the social impact of these institutions and strengthens their position as significant contributors to local economic development. The discussion highlighted five key strategies: strengthening a unique identity, leveraging digital media, developing flagship programs, building strategic partnerships, and engaging the community in social initiatives. Each strategy is critical to strengthening the educational mission of pesantren while fostering a deeper relationship with the surrounding community. This study concludes that pesantren equipped with a solid digital marketing approach and a clear strategic direction can improve their branding and educational effectiveness. Future research is recommended to investigate the specific impact of community empowerment programs and the utilization of digital technology on the quality of education in pesantren, as well as longitudinal studies to assess the long-term success of the strategic partnerships formed by these institutions.

Exploring emoji usage in intercultural CMC: Insights from Colombian and Argentinian learners of German

Abstract This study investigates the use of emojis in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) among Colombian and Argentinian learners of German. Recent research demonstrates that emojis serve multiple functions, including expressing reactions to previous statements and modulating the tone of assertions. Beyond the illocutionary domain, where they help articulate speech acts, emojis facilitate discourse by managing conversation openings and closings. They also signify informality in the stylistic domain and guide the social intent of conversations. While these findings are insightful, they primarily reflect interactions among speakers sharing the same first language (L1) and cultural background. The dynamics of emoji use in a second language (L2) and intercultural settings remain underexplored. To address this gap, this study analyzed a corpus of WhatsApp messages exchanged during a virtual interaction between 24 Colombian and Argentinian learners of German. The results reveal that the use of emojis among L2 speakers largely mirrors their use in L1 contexts, suggesting a strong transferability of their pragmatic, discursive, and stylistic functions. Additionally, this study identifies an extra function in the illocutionary domain, where emojis help signal sociality rights and obligations, thereby maintaining positive interpersonal rapport. Furthermore, the performance of national identities emerged as a unique function of emojis in intercultural communication, supporting the idea of a universal component in emoji use. These findings contribute to our understanding of how emojis operate in L2 and intercultural settings, highlighting their role in facilitating effective digital communication across linguistic and cultural boundaries. The consistent use of emojis by participants from different cultural backgrounds suggests that emojis can act as universal symbols, bridging cultural and linguistic gaps while also allowing for the expression of unique social identities.

Finally, a Researcher Development and Education Skills Framework for an Open University

While there is an ongoing advocacy for transformative higher education through a collaborative research culture in a national university system (Almores, 2024; Cubillan, 2024), there lacks an explicit and unified framework for researcher development of valuable skills and competencies to inform its typology of research training, supervision and mentoring (Villanueva, 2024). We propose a researcher development and education framework to benefit open and distance elearning programs, or ODeL programs situated in the national university’s Open University constituent unit with a wide reach of students locally and in Southeast Asia (Alfonso, 2019). The framework is a by-product of our sustained intellectual and intertextual networking, engagements with an international network of researchers in doctoral education and consultations with teacher-researchers and other stakeholders in an open university. The framework is underpinned by the identity-trajectory theory, self-determination theory and the community of inquiry for learning community building in harnessing positive research student experiences (Villanueva & Eacersall, 2024). Key areas of the framework are namely, research as a personal and scholarly practice, a reflective practice, a collaborative practice and a technology-enabled practice. Surrounding these key areas are shared values of: (i) excellence, rigor and creativity; (ii) agency and wellbeing; (iii) sense of community, social responsibility and service to others; and, (iv) integrity, agency and future-ready. Further validation of the framework was conducted through focused group discussions across three faculties of study. Collaborative reflections among faculty members and research students were undertaken to further define specific research competencies as well as mindsets. A natural outcome was the conceptualization of three courses pilot-test the application of the framework in varied learning spaces for a range of learners within the Open University unit. MyPORTAL Course 1 is a formal course for graduate-level students crafting their personalized learning plans for selected research-related outputs while ASCEND Course 2 is non-formal short course for professional research staff and students to navigate their academic writing and research with the use of Generative AIs. WORKSPACE Course 3 is a self-paced micro-course as an opportunity for faculty members to spend dedicated sensemaking on current practices in mentoring and research supervision. These courses are meant to operationalize intentional learning alliance and community building to harness researcher identity development and sense of agency among research students in ODeL programs. Further research is recommended in launching these courses and towards the creation of graduate research support teams with researcher development specialists and volunteer research trainers and learning designers. The teams are meant to go beyond administerial functions to ensure exemplary pedagogy and practices, benefiting both research supervisors and their students. The study all the more highlights the Open University’s unique identity as a progressive driver of innovation and within a dominant residential-based university system’s seeking to translate the transformative education rhetoric into actual practice at the program and course levels. Finally, we lay our claim of an ODeL research culture that is truly open, collaborative and future-ready.

THE NON-VERBAL CONTEXT AND ITS THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS - Review of the book "Theory of Music Therapy: contribution to the knowledge of the non-verbal context"

The non-verbal context includes acoustic, sonic, vibrational, and movement phenomena that are uniquely experienced by each human being from the gestational stage onward. By connecting with the unique sonic identity of each individual, one can engage with the non-verbal context through the human body and its extensions. This work aims to analyze the book "Theory of Music Therapy: a contribution to the understanding of the non-verbal context" (Teoria da Musicoterapia: contribuição ao conhecimento do contexto não verbal)" by Rolando Benenzon, which resulted in the development of this review. Through this study, it was possible to understand the variety of aspects that can be addressed therapeutically within the field of Music Therapy, whose primary purpose is to open channels of communication through non-verbal techniques.

Bicultural bilinguals: Juggling languages, shifting ‘personalities’, destroying barriers

Purpose and research questions: Despite the amount of existing work about bilingualism and some interesting studies about biculturalism, research somehow lacks interest in considering these two aspects as one big reality, bicultural bilingualism. The aim of this article is to bridge the gap between the linguistic and the cultural components that build bicultural bilinguals and to show the importance of taking into account these two components together to have a complete understanding of the mechanisms that underlie bicultural bilinguals. Key concepts such as the Foreign Language Effect and Bicultural Identity Integration are explored to highlight how language and culture interplay in shaping identity and behaviour. Methodology: By examining the literature on language-dependent frame-switching and the integration of cultural identities, this article highlights the unique characteristics of bicultural bilinguals that differentiate them from both monocultural bilinguals and monolingual biculturalsFindings and conclusions: Bicultural bilinguals are not merely the aggregation of different languages and different cultures. They possess a unique identity that sets them apart from monocultural bilinguals and monolingual biculturals. Significance:This article is among the first to analyse bicultural bilingualism as a unified phenomenon, emphasizing the need to consider both linguistic and cultural dimensions. The findings of this analysis have broader implications for psychology, sociolinguistics, and cultural studies.

The Landscape as a Pillar of the Metropolis of Tomorrow: Sustainable Strategies for Better Integration in Annaba, Algeria

Objectives: This study aims to address the urban and landscape challenges faced by Annaba, a city in Algeria, due to environmental degradation resulting from rapid urbanisation and rural-to-urban migration. Once celebrated for its natural beauty, Annaba now seeks to restore its appeal and improve the quality of life for its residents. The objective is to demonstrate how integrating the landscape into urban planning can play a crucial role in sustainable development, preserving the city's unique identity, and enhancing its social, ecological, and aesthetic environment. Methods: Our approach involves a thorough analysis of Annaba’s landscape characteristics and biodiversity, exploring strategies for reintegration into urban planning frameworks. We focus on the coastal landscape as a primary asset in planning recommendations. This study reviews existing literature on sustainable urban planning, biodiversity conservation, and landscape integration in cities experiencing similar environmental and demographic shifts. Results: The findings suggest that integrating landscape elements into urban planning in Annaba would significantly enhance its ecological and aesthetic appeal. A sustainable development approach that prioritises the landscape can help to combat environmental degradation, improve the quality of urban life, and strengthen the city’s identity. Specific recommendations emphasize preserving coastal and natural features to support biodiversity and attract residents and tourists alike. Conclusion: Reintegrating landscape considerations into Annaba’s urban development strategy is essential for addressing present and future challenges. This approach would not only protect the city's natural assets but also promote a sustainable and appealing urban environment. By focusing on the landscape as a foundation of urban planning, Annaba can redefine its developmental path, offering a model of sustainable growth for other Mediterranean cities facing similar issues.

TEACHING POLYPHONIC TECHNIQUES TO CHINESE STUDENTS USING PIANO ENSEMBLES OF CHINESE COMPOSERS

Chinese piano music is a unique phenomenon. Developing under the influence of Western European culture, it has not lost its uniqueness and national identity. Polyphony as a structure of multi-voice music is not characteristic of Chinese piano music, however, elements of polyphonic artistic expressiveness are present in composers’ works quite often. Their use is connected with the solution of a specific artistic problem in each individual work, form- building, as well as with the effective emphasis on the features of intonation, rhythm, and national colour of Chinese music. In musicology, the concept of “Chinese style” appeared, which synthesised the components of national, regional, genre style and even the style of an era into one musical system. The “Chinese style” has become a label for the national cultural identity of Chinese piano music in the world music art. Piano ensemble is a genre that occupies a significant place in the work of Chinese composers. It reflected the traditions and innovations of the “Chinese style”, including in the aspect of the use of polyphonic techniques.

Narrative Coherence and Relational Agency: Unraveling Transitions Into and Out of Alberta Correctional Facilities for People Living With HIV.

Incarcerated populations in Canada face significant health and social challenges during transitions into and out of correctional facilities. These transitions around facilities pose disproportionate barriers to care for people living with HIV. Further research is crucial to comprehend these challenges and reimagine care concepts for people who experience structural marginalization. In this article, experiences of transitions into and out of Alberta correctional facilities for people living with HIV are explored using narrative inquiry. Conducted in a Western Canadian city from 2021 to 2022, the inquiry revolved around two men living with HIV and a history of incarceration. Through co-creating field texts and narrative accounts, their unique experiences of transitions were explored through a collaborative process of analysis. Narrative threads from Bruce and Kyle showcased a lack of narrative coherence and the presence of tensions in their lives, while also emphasizing relational agency. The findings provide avenues for health, social, and justice practitioners who support and care for individuals living with HIV and a history of incarceration to think differently about transitions. By highlighting the importance of attending to the unique identities of individuals and relationships from a position of relational agency, the study advances our understanding of transitions. Recommendations for practice and policy include (a) fostering relational agency among practitioners; (b) challenging conventional views of transitions around correctional settings; (c) incorporating peer-based programming into support services; and (d) reconsidering health, justice, and social systems to better support communities disproportionately affected by high rates of incarceration and HIV.

To Conceal or to Reveal? Antecedents of Ethnic Minority Family Businesses’ Use of Ethnic Branding

The family business branding literature identifies numerous benefits to communicating family ownership. However, existing studies have omitted ethnic minority family businesses (EMFB), which present unique identity and cultural considerations. We examine potential antecedents to EMFB use of ethnic branding, which features their ethnicity within marketing communications. The study establishes a significant positive relationship between EMFB owners’ ethnic identification and socioemotional wealth (SEW), and between EMFB owners’ SEW and ethnic branding usage. Product ethnicity moderates the latter relationship such that a match between product ethnicity and EMFB ethnicity increases the likelihood of ethnic branding. Managerial and theoretical implications are further discussed.

Social And Cultural Identity Of Traditional Gringsing And Bantenan Weaving Cloth

The research conducted by Merdeka and Merdeka Belajar Campus (MBKM) focuses on the socio-cultural identity of Gringsing of Bali and Bantenan of Minahasa traditional woven cloth. The unique patterns, motifs, and identities of these traditional woven cloths within Balinese and Minahasa cultures are explored. The research aims to identify and describe these fabrics' social and cultural identity through an explanatory, descriptive, qualitative approach. Drawing on the sociological theory of fashion and clothing by Diana Crane and Laura Bovone, the research seeks to highlight the distinctive styles and motifs of Gringsing and Bantenan woven fabrics. Additionally, the study aims to uncover the evolving philosophical significance of Gringsing and Bantenan woven cloth. These fabrics have transitioned from solely used in traditional and religious activities to now being incorporated into everyday attire, including office uniforms and other social engagements. Gringsing and Bantenan woven fabrics showcase a variety of motifs, colors, and patterns, such as flora and fauna designs. The use of these traditional woven cloths from Gringsing and Bantenan serves as a means to express individual and collective social and regional identities. Moreover, given their significant domestic and international demand, these fabrics can serve as communication tools in cultural exchanges, thereby embodying the social identity of the Indonesia]

Nilai Kearifan Lokal pada Kesenian Budaya Ondel-ondel di Tanah Betawi (Studi Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta)

This study discusses the local wisdom values contained in the ondel-ondel art as part of the Betawi community culture in Jakarta. Ondel-ondel, which originally had a sacred function as a medium to ward off evil spirits, has undergone a transformation in function into a cultural icon and a means of entertainment, especially in the context of tourism and communal celebrations in Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the local wisdom values in the ondel-ondel art and to understand how the Betawi community interprets and preserves this art in the midst of modernization. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. The results of the study show that ondel-ondel contains spiritual, social, and cultural values that reflect the identity of the Betawi community. Spiritual values are seen in the role of ondel-ondel as a symbol of protection; social values are reflected through togetherness and mutual cooperation in making and presenting ondel-ondel; while cultural values are reflected in the use of ondel-ondel as an expression of unique Betawi identity. However, commercialization and changes in the function of ondel-ondel in the modern era have obscured its original meaning, so that preservation efforts are needed so that local wisdom values are maintained. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of the role of communities and governments in preserving ondel-ondel art through educational programs and cultural promotions that maintain its traditional values.

The evolution of theChinese painting genre "Zhen-wu" in the XXth century

This article examines the development of Chinese figurative Zhen-wu painting in the 20th century, its transformation under the influence of both external factors and internal cultural and political changes. The object of the study is the painting of the Zhen-wu of the 20th century. Zhen-wu is one of the oldest genres of Chinese painting, which has undergone significant changes due to the reforms, cultural movements and political events of the 20th century. The subject of the study is the evolutionary processes that took place with Zhen-wu painting in China in the twentieth century. This study identifies three stages: from 1900 to 1949, from 1949 to 1978, and from 1978 to 2000. The revolution in the country and art led to the fact that the Zhen-wu genre expanded its visual and content framework, integrating elements of Western realism and modernism. Since the beginning of the century, artists have explored new forms and methods, combining Western styles and techniques with Chinese traditions, which allowed the genre to gain a unique identity connecting the past and the present. In the second half of the century, figurative painting in China acquired a social orientation, especially within the framework of socialist realism, when workers and peasants became the main characters of the works. Realism also began to play an important role in the depiction of human figures. At the end of the 20th century, thanks to the policy of reforms, the genre of Zhen-wu again became more diverse and free from ideological restrictions. As a result, Zhen-wu was enriched with elements of Western painting, such as chiaroscuro, volume, linear composition, realism and became more pronounced in terms of psychologism. Thus, the study of the Zhen-wu genre century allows a deeper understanding of how China's cultural heritage.