Unique Identification System Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL GOVERNANCE REFORMS ON PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF AADHAAR

This study examines the impact of digital governance reforms on public service delivery in India, with a specific focus on the Aadhaar program. Aadhaar, a unique biometric identification system, has been at the center of India's efforts to streamline public services and improve the efficiency of welfare programs. By providing a universal identification number to over a billion citizens, Aadhaar aims to eliminate redundancies, reduce corruption, and ensure that benefits reach the intended recipients. This paper analyzes the successes and challenges of Aadhaar in transforming public service delivery, drawing on data from government reports, academic studies, and case analyses. The findings indicate that while Aadhaar has significantly enhanced the efficiency and transparency of public services, it has also raised concerns related to privacy, data security, and exclusion of marginalized groups. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening digital governance in India, emphasizing the need for robust legal frameworks and inclusive policies to maximize the benefits of Aadhaar and similar initiatives.

Heterogeneous features and deep learning networks fusion-based pest detection, prevention and controlling system using IoT and pest sound analytics in a vast agriculture system

Every country's foundation is its agricultural industry, which drives about half of global economic growth. Accurate farming is crucial for crop evaluation and pest control. Old-fashioned pest detection is unstable and gives inaccurate forecasts. These surveillance tactics are intrusive, expensive, and vulnerable to assumptions. Pest sounds can be caught with minimum effort by utilizing IoT networks. Deep learning algorithms, species distribution range assessments, and nature monitoring can automatically identify and categorize pest sounds. The IoT-driven computerized components in this research's unique pest identification system used machine learning on insect sound recordings. The Butterworth filter, Blackman and Flattop window, Ultraspherical Filter, Rife-Vincent Window, Cosine-Tapered Window, FFT, DFT, STFT, PNCC, RASTA-PLPCC, LSFCC, sound detectors, and PID sensors were employed. The intended study used the HFDLNet for training, testing, and validation, examining 7,200 pest sounds from 72 species to determine their unique characteristics and statistical attributes. The proposed model has 99.87 % accuracy, 99.96 % sensitivity, 99.88 % specificity, 99.96 % recall, 99.93 % F1 score, and 99.98 % precision. This study outperforms Inception-ResNet-v2, FRCNN ResNet-50, Fatser-PestNet, MD-YOLO, YOLOv5m, MAM-IncNet, and Xception. The suggested solution uses IoT networks and pest sound analysis to establish a pest preventive and management strategy and a solar-powered generator to power IoT devices across vast agricultural fields.

Preserving soil data privacy with SoilPrint: A unique soil identification system for soil data sharing

Soil is an indispensable resource with critical implications in various fields such as agriculture, environmental science, climate change, hydrology, ecology, and geoscience. Accuracy and accessibility of soil data are crucial for informed decision making. However, the sharing and harmonization of soil data present significant challenges, particularly owing to the lack of a comprehensive identification system that ensures privacy and stewardship in a federated data sharing framework. Moreover, the inherent heterogeneity of soil properties across space and time complicates the establishment of connections between soil profiles and their corresponding properties. To address these challenges, a novel and persistent soil-data identifier, called SoilPrint, akin to a fingerprint, was proposed. SoilPrint utilizes a mathematical algorithm to effectively integrate the properties of soil profile layers (SPLP) with Geohashes, providing an efficient solution. The incorporation of SoilPrint streamlines the data federation process within a secure and distributed ledger, eliminating the need for complex data mapping or alignment. This approach ensures data privacy throughout the sharing process and addresses concerns associated with data management. To demonstrate the practical applications of SoilPrint, a case study using soil data from Ontario, Canada was presented. The results underscored the unique identification capabilities of SoilPrint for soil profiles and their associated properties, establishing it a promising tool for soil data management. SoilPrint facilitates data tracking, reuse, and analysis, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of soil-related research and decision-making processes.

Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Jasa Laundry Pada Rumah Laundry Kendal

Currently it is still done manually and causes difficulties in data retrieval and income capitulation, there are several steps that can be taken to increase efficiency and accuracy in administrative management. Here are some suggestions: Management Information System (MIS) or Laundry Application: Implement a management information system or laundry-specific application that can help automate administrative processes. This application can record laundry receipt transactions, record customer data, and store income information in a more structured manner. Barcode or Unique Identification System: Use a barcode or unique identification system on each laundry receipt. This will make it easier to track and search data. Each customer or order can have a unique code or barcode that can be scanned to identify the transaction. Electronic Logging: Switch from manual logging to electronic logging. Use spreadsheet or database software to store and manage data. Make sure all laundry receipt data, including customer information and type of service, is recorded carefully. Centralized Database System: By implementing these solutions, you can optimize the laundry service administration process, reduce data search time, and increase revenue management efficiency. The aim of creating a Laundry Service Information System is to make it easier for business owners to manage customer transaction data and in preparing financial reports. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews and literature study, while the system development method used is R&D (Research and Development). This system was built using the PHP programming language, Boostrap, and for the database using MySQL. The results of this research are a web-based laundry service information system. This laundry service information system contains 2 access rights, namely Admin and customer. Customers can find out the status of their laundry and payments, while Admins can manage customer data, manage transactions, and view print reports

Implementing unique identification technology: The journey and success story of Aadhaar in India

The Aadhaar number has become a basic identification system for all Indian residents and is used for all purposes from air ticket booking, to ration cards and opening bank accounts. The purpose of Aadhaar in India started with a basic need to provide access to public services and Government benefits. But currently, Aadhaar is considered as a high potential, technology-enabled unique identification system that upholds the financial inclusion agenda for the Government of India. Further, its usage is growing day by day like making UPI transactions with only the Aadhaar number and linking many financial systems with Aadhaar. Implementing Aadhaar in a massive country like India is not an easy task but the Unique Identification Authority of India achieved it effectively with strong backing from the Government. This case discusses the origin, features, penetration and growth of Aadhaar and its role in financial inclusion. It also examines similar identification systems in other countries. The case deliberates the challenges faced in the implementation of Aadhaar in India.

Prediction of face age progression with generative adversarial networks.

Face age progression, goals to alter the individual’s face from a given face image to predict the future appearance of that image. In today’s world that demands more security and a touchless unique identification system, face aging attains tremendous attention. The existing face age progression approaches have the key problem of unnatural modifications of facial attributes due to insufficient prior knowledge of input images and nearly visual artifacts in the generated output. Research has been continuing in face aging to handle the challenge to generate aged faces accurately. So, to solve the issue, the proposed work focuses on the realistic face aging method using AttentionGAN and SRGAN. AttentionGAN uses two separate subnets in a generator. One subnet for generating multiple attention masks and the other for generating multiple content masks. Then attention mask is multiplied with the corresponding content mask along with an input image to finally achieve the desired results. Further, the regex filtering process is performed to separates the synthesized face images from the output of AttentionGAN. Then image sharpening with edge enhancement is done to give high-quality input to SRGAN, which further generates the super-resolution face aged images. Thus, presents more detailed information in an image because of its high quality. Moreover, the experimental results are obtained from five publicly available datasets: UTKFace, CACD, FGNET, IMDB-WIKI, and CelebA. The proposed work is evaluated with quantitative and qualitative methods, produces synthesized face aged images with a 0.001% error rate, and is also evaluated with the comparison to prior methods. The paper focuses on the various practical applications of super-resolution face aging using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).

RetIS: Unique Identification System of Goats through Retinal Analysis

Developing an accurate, reliable and tamper-proof unique identification system for identifying individual animals is one of the most important but challenging tasks in intelligent livestock management. Currently, unique identification for animals is done using methods like stenciling, ear tagging, ear notching, branding, etc. which create opportunities for the poachers, middle men and animal thieves to manipulate the tags and transfer animals across international borders, claim false insurance, poach for their meat, bones, etc. illegally. This becomes a huge headache for the livestock owners. In this paper, a novel biometric unique identification system called “RetIS” has been developed based on goat retinal image which is unique, tamper-proof, reliable and accurate. The identification system has been developed based on the origination and distribution pattern of the blood vessels through a circular ring around the optic disc, which remains constant for the entire lifetime of the goat. Goat retinal images have been captured using a handheld fundus camera. The captured images are then segmented, normalized and encoded for the creation of templates, which are eventually stored in a database for matching with query templates based on hamming distance criteria. In matching, it has been observed that if the hamming distance between stored and query template is less than equal to 0.37 (matching >= 63%), it can be confirmed that the stored and query template belongs to the same individual goat providing its unique identification, otherwise the templates belong to two separate individual goats. This model has been tested with more than 200 retinal images obtained from twelve different goats producing 99% accuracy. The performance of this proposed model has been compared with other animal identification technologies and is found to be the most accurate and precise.

A Unique Data Identification System for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Enhanced Arithmetic Coding

A Unique Data Identification System for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Enhanced Arithmetic Coding

An extensive survey on finger and palm vein recognition system

The evolution of the internet drastically increases the utilization of online data, which needs security using unique identification. The traditional methods of security, such as password, personal identification number (PIN), could not reach the user-friendly requirement of the users. There is a necessity to provide high security for the data by using a unique identification system. Today, in many situations, biometrics plays a crucial role in today’s authentication and recognition. Biometrics deals with unique physical and behavioral characteristics. Fingerprint, face recognition, iris/retinal recognition, voice recognition and vein recognition are some of the biometrics which is used for authentication purpose. In this paper, we highlight different processes that involve finger veins and palm veins recognition and authentication. These finger and palm vein is identified as one of the important unique identifications that can be used for the authentication which provide the security for the important personal data. In this study, we noticed that the advantage of using a vein for the authentication process is that it provides high security because it can be detected even when a finger or palm got injured, and it works only when the person is alive otherwise the authentication fails.

The Myths and Moral Economies of Digital ID and Mobile Money in India and Myanmar

The diffusion of major new technologies in society is often accompanied by a set of myths that tell us how these technologies will change, clearly for the better, the social and economic fabric of a community. Digital technologies are associated with myths such as the death of distance and of mediators, the end of history and of politics (Brown and Duguid 2000; Mosco 2004). We build on Mosco’s idea of myth as a force shaping discourses around the introduction of new technologies in the context of the deployment of digital artifacts such as digital ID systems and mobile money platforms in the Global South (Mosco 2004). Using the examples of the Unique Identification system (Aadhaar) in India and mobile money in Myanmar, we show how these myths persist long after technologies are in common use. We also examine how, in practice, the use of these technologies seldom aligns with the mythology surrounding them, and it is, instead the moral economy of the communities where they are deployed that mediates their use (Thompson 1971). We argue that local histories of state-making and the larger political economy of technology design can help explain the persistence of the mythology around digital technologies despite the disconnect between myths and reality.

CULTURE USE PROBLEMS IN SELECTION OF ISOLATED MICROSPORES IN GRAIN

Production of haploid plants by culture of isolated microspores is a quick way of obtaining homozygous crop lines. Recessive features of mutant homozygous plants are also possible to determine by this biotechnology. Contrary from anthers culture, in which the presence of anther walls can lead to the development of diploid somatic calli and plants, the microspore culture produces only haploid or dihaploid lines. Isolated microspores culture in addition represents and has a unique identification system for studying the mechanisms of embryogenesis in in vitro culture. The usage of haploid technology extends the genetic basis of wheat breeding, since it allows increasing the frequency of new gene combinations. This technology significantly increases the efficiency of breeding new highly productive varieties of crops. On this basis, it becomes possible to quickly assess the prospects of dihaploids, which significantly improves the efficiency of the selection process. DH plants are completely fertile and, if necessary, may be used as parents or processed as a cultivar. DHs have been widely used for cultivar development, genetic mapping, mutagenesis, and the study of gene functions.

Feasibility and acceptability of an iris biometric system for unique patient identification in routine HIV services in Kenya

BackgroundUse of routine HIV programme data for surveillance is often limited due to inaccuracies associated with patient misclassification which can be addressed by unique patient identification.We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of integrating an iris recognition biometric identification system into routine HIV care services at 4 sites in Kenya. MethodsPatients who had recently tested HIV-positive or were engaged in care were enrolled. Images of the iris were captured using a dual-iris camera connected to a laptop. A prototype iris biometric identification system networked across the sites, analysed the iris patterns; created a template from those patterns; and generated a 12-digit ID number based on the template. During subsequent visits, the patients’ irises were re-scanned, and the pattern was matched to stored templates to retrieve the ID number. ResultsOver 55 weeks 8,614 (98%) of 8,794 new patients were assigned a unique ID on their first visit. Among 6,078 return visits, the system correctly re-identified patients’ IDs 5,234 times (86%). The false match rate (a new patient given the ID of another patient) was 0·5% while the generalized false reject rate (re-scans assigned a new ID) was 4·7%. Overall, 9 (0·1%) agreed to enrol but declined to have an iris scan. The most common reasons cited for declining an iris scan were concerns about privacy and confidentiality. ConclusionImplementation of an iris recognition system in routine health information systems is feasible and highly acceptable as part of routine care in Kenya. Scale-up could improve unique patient identification and tracking, enhancing disease surveillance activities.

Data Management & Unique Identification System by Using NFC

NFC is short range communication technology which provides two-way interaction between devices. In a Health care sector, NFC is not only used to reduce the health care costs but also provide automatic and streamlining patient identification system. NFC technology can be available in any form such as NFC tags which stores short information in it as a unique identification system.

Leveraging the Road to Health booklet as a unique patient identifier to monitor the prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme.

Currently there is no unique patient identification system in the South African public health sector. Therefore, routine laboratory data cannot effectively be de-duplicated, thereby hampering surveillance of laboratory-diagnosed diseases such as mother-to-child transmission of HIV. To determine the uptake of Road to Health booklet (RTHB) identifiers at HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) birth test and describe their performance in linking follow-up test results in the early infant diagnosis programme. Between May 2016 and May 2017, Tshwane District Clinical Services implemented a unique patient identifier pilot project in which a sticker-page of unique, readable, barcoded patient identifiers was incorporated in the patient-retained immunisation record (the RTHB) before distribution. Uptake of RTHB identifiers at birth was calculated as the proportion of HIV PCR tests in infants aged <6 days registered with an RTHB identifier over the total number of registered HIV PCR tests. Descriptive analysis of demographic details was performed among infants with two registered HIV PCR tests linked by the RTHB identifier, and performance of the National Health Laboratory Service Corporate Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW)-linking algorithm in matching RTHB-linked results was calculated using a 2 × 2 table. A total of 5 309 HIV PCR birth tests registered with an RTHB identifier were extracted from the NHLS CDW over the 13-month period of the pilot project. The number of registered RTHB identifiers increased from 24 (2% of birth PCR tests) in May 2016, peaking at 728 (56% of birth PCR tests) in May 2017. Among infants with a registered RTHB identifier at birth, 635 (12%) had a subsequent linked HIV PCR test, as indicated by the same RTHB number registered for a later specimen. Demographic details at the time of birth and subsequent PCR test were compared, demonstrating that <4% of infants had exact matches for name, surname, date of birth and sex; 74% of birth tests had variations such as 'born to' or 'baby of ' in place of a first name; surnames matched exactly in 61% of cases; 18% (n=116) of infants had both tests performed at the same facility, of which only 27% (n=31) had the same patient folder number on both test results. Leveraging RTHBs as unique patient identifiers, even if used temporarily until linkage to other future national unique identifiers, promises to be an effective scalable approach to laboratory-based surveillance, facilitating healthcare provider access to all test results from birth.

Doppler Radar Techniques for Accurate Respiration Characterization and Subject Identification

A low distortion dc coupled CW radar system with high signal to noise ratio is capable of accurate representation of respiration in human subjects. We propose to test the hypothesis that a non-contact physiological radar monitoring system which measures and characterizes subtle body kinematics, can be made to resolve patterns accurately enough to recognize an individual's identity. This paper investigates a technique to attain the requisite signal to noise ratio by dc offset management. Detailed exploration of the unique features in respiration signals using noncontact CW Doppler radar are presented. A proposed dynamic segmentation technique allowed detection of various unique features and patterns. KMN nearest neighbor and majority vote algorithms were implemented in software for this radar-based unique identification system. The system was tested and validated for six test subjects with 95% success rate. Fractal analysis of minor components of linearly demodulated radar signal was also presented for additional improvement in accuracy. This paper is believed to be significant as radar unique identification of human subjects has many potential applications, including security, health monitoring, IoT applications, and virtual reality.

Secure Object Tracking Protocol for the Internet of Things

In this paper, we propose a secure object tracking protocol to ensure the visibility and traceability of an object along the travel path to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed protocol is based on radio frequency identification system for global unique identification of IoT objects. For ensuring secure object tracking, lightweight cryptographic primitives and physically unclonable function are used by the proposed protocol in tags. We evaluated the proposed protocol both quantitatively and qualitatively. In our experiment, we modeled the protocol using security protocol description language (SPDL) and simulated SPDL model using automated claim verification tool Scyther. The results show that the proposed protocol is more secure and requires less computation compared to existing similar protocols.

Rediscovering 15 + 2 years of discoveries in language resources and evaluation

This paper analyzes the content of the proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) over the past 17 years (1998---2014), with the goal of gaining a picture of the LREC community and the topics that are most relevant to the field. We follow the methodology used in similar studies, including the survey of the IEEE ICASSP conference proceedings from 1976 to 1990, the survey of the Association of Computational Linguistics conference proceedings over 50 years, and the survey of the proceedings of the conferences contained in the ISCA Archive over 25 years (1987---2012). We expand on results originally presented at LREC 2014, but include the proceedings of LREC 2014 itself in the study together with an analysis of various citation graphs. We show the evolution over time of the number of papers and authors, including their distribution by gender and affiliation, as well as collaborations and citation patterns among authors and papers, funding sources for reported research, and plagiarism and reuse in LREC papers; results for LREC are compared with similar results for major conferences in related fields. We also consider the evolution of research topics over time and identify the authors who introduced key terms. Finally, we propose and apply a measure of a researcher's notability and provide the results for LREC authors. The study uses NLP methods that have been published in the corpus considered in the study. In addition to providing a revealing characterization of the LRE community, the study also demonstrates the need for establishing a system for unique identification of authors, papers and other sources to facilitate this type of analysis.

Risk, Data and the Bar Codes of Finance

Global interest in creating a unique, unambiguous and universal identification system for all financial market participants and the instruments and contracts they manufacture, trade, own and process has met with universal acceptance. For regulators these ‘Barcodes of Finance’ (the unique transaction identifier – UTI; unique product identifier – UPI; and the legal entity identifier – LEI) are expected to provide an automated means to observe enterprise risk across silos of businesses within each financial institution and systemic risk across the global financial system. For financial industry members it is expected to allow for straight-though-processing (STP) as the barcodes of commerce has done for the global supply chain of commercial and consumer trade.However, there is much to be learned from the first instances of implementations of financial barcodes occurring in the swaps markets. Billions of transactions are sitting in swaps data repositories (SDRs) with no computerized means of accessing them for risk aggregation, this being the first objective for their use. Praised initially by global standards setters as a transforming pillar of financial reform, regulators are already issuing a new set of public consultations on the financial barcode to reassess the starting point of the journey and the understanding that set regulatory compulsion as a necessary enabler. Regulators who are living through the first implementations of these identification schemes are expressing caution as documented in this paper. Other regulators are moving ahead, possibly unaware of difficulties that have arisen. The intent of this research paper is to assess the current state of the design and implementation of the Barcodes of Finance, now in its sixth year, and to propose solutions for the known issues that have arisen. Also, by examining similar programs of global identification standards successfully implemented in other industries, the known issues may be resolved and yet unknown issues prevented.Toward this end the authors propose improvements that include an emphasis on creation and validation of unique identifying information at-source along with self-assignment and self-registration of codes directly by legal entity registrants and product manufacturers. These are the methods successfully used in the barcodes found in global commerce and in the domain names of email and Web services. This approach contrasts with the after-the-fact methods financial supply chain data intermediaries now use to validate data and assign codes and associated reference data. To assure uniqueness and the highest levels of data quality, trusted third party oversight of UTI construction algorithms and at-source “second eyes” certification of the legal entity identifier (LEI) and its associated reference data is recommended. The authors propose using auditors’ already existing third party assurance services toward this end. Further, auditors’ participation would add knowledge and professional judgment to facilitate the legal entities’ placement in their organizational hierarchy as trade counterparties and in their relationship as product manufacturers. These later requirements are the subject of two separate public consultations published in late summer, 2015 for consolidating legal entities based upon public company financial statement consolidation principles and for designing the UTI.Critically, the LEI is now exclusively being assigned to swaps market participants, realizing only one tenth of the potential in support of all financial participants in all markets. The LEI system also lacks real-time updating and maintenance in an era where financial transactions are increasingly processed in real-time. To this end the authors make the case for real-time processing and virtual linkages of LEI registries as is the case with the Internet’s underlying technology architecture. Also the authors make the case for automating data aggregation by using the consolidating parent LEI as a prefix for all legal entities; for generating UTIs; and for designing the UPI. This approach had been proposed before for the LEI by regulators and industry, and is now included as an approach in a new proposal by regulators for the UTI. Finally, the LEI is in need of evaluation for fitness of purpose as it is proposed to be used as the linchpin for the construction of the UTI and possibly the UPI while already falling short on its earliest objectives for use in data aggregation.

Unique grid cell identification of Croatian official map grids

The Unique Grid Cell Identification (UGCI) system was created using the Croatian cartographic map grid system as a basis for development. A short description of the Croatian map grid system is therefore provided. Cartographic map nomenclature is used to uniquely identify map sheets; e.g. grid cells. Nonetheless, because such nomenclature uses alpha-numeric and special characters and complex coding/decoding systems, it is not well suited for use with GIS, databases, internet services and other Information and Communications Technologies applications. UGCI has been developed to uniquely identify all spatial grid cells, no matter their scale. It should enable easy connections with spatial grid cell identifier systems of other Spatial Data Infrastructure communities, such as ecology, geology, meteorology, etc. Easier identification and use of spatial grid cells contributes to the interoperability of maps and other spatial data. Map is cowering Croatian grid area in the scale 1:1 800,000. It is representing grids scales from 1:250,000 to 1:5000.

Eye Banking and Corneal Transplantation Communicable Adverse Incidents

Evidence of the transmission of disease via donor ocular tissue has been demonstrated for adenocarcinoma, rabies, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and a variety of bacterial and fungal infections. Although there is no evidence to date of disease transmission for HIV infection, syphilis, hepatitis C, hepatitis A, tuberculosis, HTLV-1 and -2 infection, active leprosy, active typhoid, smallpox, and active malaria, these entities remain contraindications for transplantation for all eye banks nationally and internationally. The potential sources of contamination include infected donors, during the process of removing tissue from cadaveric donors, the processing environment, and contaminated supplies and reagents used during processing. The transmissions of Herpes simplex virus and HSV via corneal graft have been shown to be responsible for primary graft failure. HSV-1 may also be an important cause of PFG. The long latency period of some diseases, the emergence of new infectious disease, and the reemergence of others emphasize the need for long-term record maintenance and effective tracing capabilities. The standardization of definitions for adverse events and reactions will be necessary to support the prevention and transmission of disease. International classification of a unique identification system for donors will be increasingly important for vigilance and traceability in cross-national exportation of human cells, tissues, and cellular- and tissue-based products. Opportunities for continuous improvement exist as does the need for constant vigilance and surveillance.