Uniform Shell Research Articles

The effect of mullite coating and microwave sintering on high temperature oxidation resistance of MWCNTs

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are considered as a promising material for nanocomposites fabrication due to their magnificent characteristics. However, challenges including low oxidation resistance (oxidized above 530 °C in the air) and weak interfacial adhesion, etc, restrict their use at high temperatures. Coating the surface of MWCNTs seems a promising way to control its oxidation and to increase interfacial adhesion. To the best of our knowledge, the coating of MWCNTs by mullite has not been reported yet, so that in this paper, mullite-coated MWCNTs (20 wt %) was fabricated by sol-gel method to improved oxidation resistance of MWCNTs. The uniform mullite shell was sintered through two methods of microwave and conventional heating. The effect of sintering temperature and type of heating on mullitization, crystallization and oxidation resistance of MWCNTs were investigated. Microstructural investigations revealed that the surface of MWCNTs is uniformly covered by mullite and TGA results showed the increase in oxidation temperature (≈300 °C). In addition, the obtained results confirm that the microwave method could be a better technique for obtaining a dense, smooth and crystallized coating layer than the conventional one for improving oxidation resistance of MWCNTs.

Elastically isotropic open-cell uniform thickness shell lattices with optimized elastic moduli via shape optimization

Shell lattices are composed of smooth, non-intersecting and periodic thin shells. Their open-cell topology facilitates the manufacturing and multifunctional applications. This work proposes a shape optimization framework to obtain uniform thickness shell lattices with superior elastic moduli and isotropic elasticity. A B-spline parameterized Monge patch model is used to represent the mid-surface within the 1/48 unit cell, which maintains the cubic symmetry and simplifies the sensitivity evaluation. Two groups of elastically isotropic shell lattices are obtained, including Primitive (P) and I-graph-wrapped package (IWP). The highest achievable bulk, Young’s, shear moduli of P/IWP family lattices are nearly 70%/80%, 40%/60%, 40%/60% of the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bounds at 10% relative density. Besides, the Young’s/bulk modulus maximization is further introduced into the optimization to seek potential stiffness improvement, yielding similar optimized lattices with close stiffness for arbitrary initial designs. The highest achievable moduli are slightly improved by 3~5% than those without moduli maximization. In general, P-family lattices possess comparable Young’s, shear and higher bulk moduli to the stiffest truss lattices, while IWP-family lattices possess superior stiffness. This work proposes a systematic design approach to obtain elastically isotropic uniform thickness shell lattices, which can be applied to the other lattice families with Monge patch representations.

Controllable synthesis of a hollow Cr2O3 electrocatalyst for enhanced nitrogen reduction toward ammonia synthesis

A facile template-assisted approach is proposed for the construction of a hollow Cr 2 O 3 catalyst with a small size and ultrathin shell. The as-prepared catalyst displays excellent activity toward nitrogen reduction for ammonia production. As a fascinating alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, the electrochemically-driven N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) utilizing the N 2 and H 2 O for the production of NH 3 has received enormous attention. The development and preparation of promising electrocatalysts are requisite to realize an efficient N 2 conversion for NH 3 production. In this research, we propose a template-assisted strategy to construct the hollow electrocatalyst with controllable morphology. As a paradigm, the hollow Cr 2 O 3 nanocatalyst with a uniform size (∼170 nm), small cavity and ultrathin shell (∼15 nm) is successfully fabricated with this strategy. This promising hollow structure is favourable to trap N 2 into the cavity, provides abundant active sites to accelerate the three-phase interactions, and facilitates the reactant transfer across the shell. Attributed to these synergetic effects, the designed catalyst displays an outstanding behaviour in N 2 fixation for NH 3 production in ambient condition. In the neutral electrolyte of 0.1 mol·L −1 Na 2 SO 4 , an impressive electrocatalytic performance with the NH 3 generation rate of 2.72 μg·h −1 ·cm −2 and a high FE of 5.31% is acquired respectively at −0.85 V with the hollow Cr 2 O 3 catalyst. Inspired by this work, it is highly expected that this approach could be applied as a universal strategy and extended to fabricating other promising electrocatalysts for realizing highly efficient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).

A symplectic analytical approach for free vibration of orthotropic cylindrical shells with stepped thickness under arbitrary boundary conditions

Exact analytical solutions for free vibration of isotropic and orthotropic cylindrical shells with uniform and stepped thickness subject to general boundary conditions are presented by means of a symplectic analytical approach. The Reissner shell theory is adopted to formulate a theoretical model. By introducing a Hamiltonian system, the governing higher order partial differential equation is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations which can be analytically solved by separating the variables. Applying the end boundary and interface continuous conditions, a set of analytical characteristic frequency equations are obtained, and exact solutions can be determined. To ensure accuracy and validity of the symplectic method, the analytical solutions for uniform and stepped cylindrical shells with isotropic or orthotropic material properties and with arbitrary boundary conditions are compared with available published data and FEM solution. A set of comprehensive new result for orthotropic stepped cylindrical shells under classical and elastic restraints are presented. Some typical mode shapes for various examples are illustrated. In addition, the effects of boundary conditions and orthotropic properties on vibration frequency are analyzed. The result shows that the fundamental frequency is higher for a boundary with more constraints.

Effect of boundary condition and variable shell thickness on the vibration behavior of grid-stiffened composite conical shells

In this research, it is aimed to investigate the effect of boundary condition and variable shell thickness on the vibration behavior of grid-stiffened composite conical shells. In order to fabricate the stiffeners and shell for the experimental study, continuous and woven glass fibers have been used during a filament winding process, respectively. Due to the non-uniform distribution of the stiffeners in a stiffened conical shell, the equivalent thickness varies along the longitudinal axis. The stiffener and shell structures have been reduced into an equivalent shell using smeared method. The governing equations have been solved in order to evaluate the natural frequencies of the grid-stiffened conical shell by the use of first-shear deformation theory (FSDT) along with the power series method. In order to validate the analytical solutions, an experimental modal analysis have been carried out on a real grid-stiffened composite conical shell with uniform shell thickness. In addition, the finite element solution has been provided for further validations. Furthermore, the effects of various geometric parameters, variable shell thickness and boundary conditions have been discussed.

Scalable Fabrication and Use of 3D Structured Microparticles Spatially Functionalized with Biomolecules.

Microparticles with defined shapes and spatial chemical modification can interface with cells and tissues at the cellular scale. However, conventional methods to fabricate shaped microparticles have trade-offs between the throughput of manufacture and the precision of particle shape and chemical functionalization. Here, we achieved scalable production of hydrogel microparticles at rates of greater than 40 million/hour with localized surface chemistry using a parallelized step emulsification device and temperature-induced phase-separation. The approach harnesses a polymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) which conditionally phase separates within microfluidically generated droplets. Following droplet formation, phase separation is induced and phase separated droplets are subsequently cross-linked to form uniform crescent and hollow shell particles with gelatin functionalization on the boundary of the cavity. The gelatin localization enabled deterministic cell loading in subnanoliter-sized crescent-shaped particles, which we refer to as nanovials, with cavity dimensions tuned to the size of cells. Loading on nanovials also imparted improved cell viability during analysis and sorting using standard fluorescence activated cell sorters, presumably by protecting cells from shear stress. This localization effect was further exploited to selectively functionalize capture antibodies to nanovial cavities enabling single-cell secretion assays with reduced cross-talk in a simplified format.

Ultra-Fine Control of Silica Shell Thickness on Silver Nanoparticle-Assembled Structures.

To study the distance-dependent electromagnetic field effects related to the enhancement and quenching mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) or fluorescence, it is essential to precisely control the distance from the surface of the metal nanoparticle (NP) to the target molecule by using a dielectric layer (e.g., SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3). However, precisely controlling the thickness of this dielectric layer is challenging. Herein, we present a facile approach to control the thickness of the silica shell on silver nanoparticle-assembled silica nanocomposites, SiO2@Ag NPs, by controlling the number of reacting SiO2@Ag NPs and the silica precursor. Uniform silica shells with thicknesses in the range 5–40 nm were successfully fabricated. The proposed method for creating a homogeneous, precise, and fine silica coating on nanocomposites can potentially contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the distance-dependent electromagnetic field effects and optical properties of metal NPs.

Morphology Control and Crystalline Quality of p-Type GaN Shells Grown on Coaxial GaInN/GaN Multiple Quantum Shell Nanowires.

The morphology and crystalline quality of p-GaN shells on coaxial GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell (MQS) nanowires (NWs) were investigated using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. By varying the trimethylgallium (TMG) flow rate, Mg doping, and growth temperature, it was verified that the TMG supply and growth temperature were the dominant parameters in the control of the p-GaN shape on NWs. Specifically, a sufficiently high TMG supply enabled the formation of a pyramid-shaped NW structure with a uniform p-GaN shell. The ratio of the growth rate between the c- and m-planes on the NWs was calculated to be approximately 0.4545. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization confirmed that no clear extended defects were present in the n-GaN core and MQS/p-GaN shells on the sidewall. Regarding the p-GaN shell above the c-plane MQS region, only a few screw dislocations and Frank-type partial dislocations appeared at the interface between the serpentine c-plane MQS and the p-GaN shell near the tips. This suggested that the crystalline quality of the MQS structure can trigger the formation of screw dislocations and Frank-type partial dislocations during the p-GaN growth. The growth mechanism of the p-GaN shell on NWs was also discussed. To inspect the electronic properties, a prototype of a micro light-emitting diode (LED) with a chip size of 50 × 50 μm2 was demonstrated in the NWs with optimal growth. By correlating the light output curve with the electroluminescence spectra, three different emission peaks (450, 470, and 510 nm) were assignable to the emission from the m-, r-, and c-planes, respectively.

Elastically-isotropic open-cell minimal surface shell lattices with superior stiffness via variable thickness design

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) shell lattices are attracting increasingly attention due to their unique combination of geometric and mechanical properties, and their open-cell topology. However, uniform thickness TPMS shell lattices are usually anisotropic in stiffness, namely having different Young's moduli along different lattice directions. To reduce the elastic anisotropy, we propose a family of variable thickness TPMS shell lattices with isotropic stiffness designed by a strain energy-based optimization algorithm. The optimization results show that all the six selected types of TPMS lattices can be made to achieve isotropic stiffness by varying the shell thickness, among which N14 can maintain over 90% of the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound of bulk modulus. All the optimized shell lattices exhibit superior stiffness properties and significantly outperform elastically-isotropic truss lattices of equal relative densities. Both uniform and optimized types of N14 shell lattices along [100], [110] and [111] directions are fabricated by the micro laser powder bed fusion techniques with stainless steel 316L and tested under quasi-static compression loads. Experimental results show that the elastic anisotropy of the optimized N14 lattices is reduced compared to that of the uniform ones. Large deformation compression results reveal different failure deformation behaviors along different directions. The [100] direction shows a layer-by-layer plastic buckling failure mode, while the failures along [110] and [111] directions are related to the shear deformation. The optimized N14 lattices possess a reduced anisotropy of plateau stresses and can even attain nearly isotropic energy absorption capacity.

Tailoring Plasmonics of Au@Ag Nanoparticles by Silica Encapsulation

AbstractHybrid metallic nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in oxide shells are currently intensely studied for plasmonic applications in sensing, medicine, catalysis, and photovoltaics. Here, a method for the synthesis of Au@Ag@SiO2 cubes with a uniform silica shell of variable and adjustable thickness in the nanometer range is introduced and their excellent, highly reproducible, and tunable optical response is demonstrated. Varying the silica shell thickness, the excitation energies of the single NP plasmon modes can be tuned in a broad spectral range between 2.55 and 3.25 eV. Most importantly, a strong coherent coupling of the surface plasmons is revealed at the silver–silica interface with Mie resonances at the silica–vacuum interface leading to a significant field enhancement at the encapsulated NP surface in the range of 100% at shell thicknesses t ≃ 20 nm. Consequently, the synthesis method and the field enhancement open pathways to a widespread use of silver NPs in plasmonic applications including photonic crystals and may be transferred to other non‐precious metals.

Oxidation of MBE-Grown ZnTe and ZnTe/Zn Nanowires and Their Structural Properties.

Results of comparative structural characterization of bare and Zn-covered ZnTe nanowires (NWs) before and after thermal oxidation at 300 °C are presented. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering not only unambiguously confirm the conversion of the outer layer of the NWs into ZnO, but also demonstrate the influence of the oxidation process on the structure of the inner part of the NWs. Our study shows that the morphology of the resulting ZnO can be improved by the deposition of thin Zn shells on the bare ZnTe NWs prior to the oxidation. The oxidation of bare ZnTe NWs results in the formation of separated ZnO nanocrystals which decorate crystalline Te cores of the NWs. In the case of Zn-covered NWs, uniform ZnO shells are formed, however they are of a fine-crystalline structure or partially amorphous. Our study provides an important insight into the details of the oxidation processes of ZnTe nanostructures, which could be of importance for the preparation and performance of ZnTe based nano-devices operating under normal atmospheric conditions and at elevated temperatures.

Synthesis of Asymmetric One-Dimensional Pd on Au Bimetallic Nanostructures.

Nanostructures composed of a gold nanorod (AuNR) core and a Pd/Pt shell are of great interest due to their potential application as plasmon resonance-enhanced catalysts. However, the synthesis of well-defined one-dimensional bimetallic nanostructures with precise control over shell thickness and length remains a challenge. In this study, we report a detailed and systematic study on the chemical synthesis of a uniform Pd shell on single crystalline and pentahedrally twinned (PHT) AuNRs of various lengths. AuNRs were used as a template, and the slow and controlled reduction of Pd(II) ions on preformed AuNRs was carried out for the formation of rectangular-shaped Au@Pd bimetallic nanorods. The Pd shell thickness around the AuNRs was controlled by the supply of Pd(II) ions in the growth solution. We were able to grow a ∼20 nm uniform Pd shell around the AuNR, keeping the rod-like morphology intact without local nucleation to form irregular shapes and randomly overgrown nanostructures. The formation of bimetallic nanorods was also extended beyond typical single crystalline nanorods to PHT high aspect ratio gold nanorods and nanowires, using them as templates. To our surprise, unusually curved asymmetric nanorods were formed when the Pd deposition was carried out on AuNRs longer than ∼800 nm which could be possibly due to a Pd and Au lattice mismatch at the interface and higher flexibility of the nanorods when they exceeded certain lengths.

A semi-analytical method for the vibration of cylindrical shells with embedded acoustic black holes

Embedding acoustic black holes (ABHs) on beams and plates has revealed as an appealing passive method for noise and vibration reduction. However, most ABH designs to date only concern straight beams and flat plates, while cylindrical structures are commonly found in the aeronautical and naval sectors. In this work, we suggest a semi-analytical method to compute the vibration field of a cylinder with an ABH indentation. We also show the ABH efficiency in terms of shell vibration reduction. It is proposed to resort to Gaussian basis functions in the framework of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, to reproduce the ABH cylinder vibration field. The ABH shell displacements in the three directions are decomposed in terms of Gaussian functions, which can be dilated and translated analogously to what is done with wavelet transforms. The functions are also forced to satisfy the continuity periodic conditions in the shell circumferential direction. The Gaussian expansion method (GEM) results in high precision at a low computational cost. The suggested semi-analytical method is validated against a detailed finite element (FEM) model. Modal frequencies and modal shapes are recovered very accurately. Besides, the mean square velocity of the annular ABH shell under point external excitation is compared to that of a uniform shell, in the 50-1000 Hz frequency range. Noticeable vibration reduction is achieved.

Monodisperse core-shell Li4Ti5O12@C submicron particles as high-rate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Monodisperse spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particles coated with a carbon layer (LTO@C) are prepared by using a solid-phase sintering reaction between pre-synthesized carbon-coated TiO2 particles and lithium carbonate. The core-shell structured LTO@C particles have an average size of about 320 nm, and a carbon shell thickness of about 10 nm. While the TiO2 particles that are pre-coated with a carbon layer generate LTO@C particles with monodisperse un-aggregated morphology, the TiO2 particles without carbon coating eventually lead to aggregated LTO particles with an irregular morphology. Much better rate performances are observed for LTO@C particles than the un-coated LTO particles. The discharge specific capacity of the typical LTO@C sample is about 165.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 147.7 mAh g−1 at 20 C. The discharge specific capacity still keeps at 133.6 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The results demonstrate that the presence of carbon shell on the surface of TiO2 particles can prevent the particle agglomeration and limit the growth of lithium titanate grains within the space of carbon shell, and finally generate monodisperse un-aggregated morphology which can increase the contact area between the active material and the electrolyte. Furthermore, the uniform carbon shell can establish a conductive network to improve the overall electronic conductivity, which is beneficial to the improvement of the rate performances of LTO anodes for the applications of lithium-ion batteries.

Correlation of Secondary Particle Number with the Debye-Hückel Parameter for Thickening Mesoporous Silica Shells Formed on Spherical Cores.

Mesoporous silica shells were formed on nonporous spherical silica cores during the sol–gel reaction to elucidate the mechanism for the generation of secondary particles that disturb the efficient growth of mesoporous shells on the cores. Sodium bromide (NaBr) was used as a typical electrolyte for the sol–gel reaction to increase the ionic strength of the reactant solution, which effectively suppressed the generation of secondary particles during the reaction wherein a uniform mesoporous shell was formed on the spherical core. The number of secondary particles (N2nd) generated at an ethanol/water weight ratio of 0.53 was plotted against the Debye–Hückel parameter κ to quantitatively understand the Debye screening effect on secondary particle generation. Parameter κa, where a is the average radius of the secondary particles finally obtained in the silica coating, expresses the trend in N2nd at different concentrations of ammonia and NaBr. N2nd was much lower than that expected theoretically from the variation of secondary particle sizes at a constant Debye–Hückel parameter. A similar correlation with κa was observed at the high and low ethanol/water weight ratios of 0.63 and 0.53, respectively, with different hydrolysis rate constants. The good correlation between N2nd and κa revealed that controlling the ionic strength of the silica coating is an effective approach to suppress the generation of secondary particles for designing mesoporous shells with thicknesses appropriate for their application as high-performance liquid chromatography column packing materials.

Enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by constructing upconversion-core/semiconductor-shell structured NaYF4:Yb,Er @BiOCl microprisms

Upconversion spectral converters enable the utilization of infrared photons for dye-sensitized solar cells. However, the TiO2 photoanode photoelectron trapping loss caused by defects and ligands on upconversion material surface limits the dye-sensitized solar cells efficiency. Here, we separate spatially TiO2 particles and upconverters through crafting an uniform semiconductor BiOCl shell onto NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconverters surface by a hydrothermal method. Unlike common insulate SiO2 shells, the BiOCl shell decreases little the upconversion luminescence intensity from the upconversion core, but it can inhibit the photoelectron transfer from TiO2 to upconversion particles due to its higher conduction band position than that of TiO2, which eliminates the photoelectron trapping loss. In addition, the BiOCl shell can harvest 408 nm photons from upconversion cores to generate additional photoelectrons into TiO2 photoanode film. Consequently, the incorporation of upconversion-core/semiconductor-shell structured particles into TiO2 photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells achieves 29.8% increase of power conversion efficiency, whereas bare upconversion particles only get 11.9% increase as compared with dye-sensitized solar cells with pure TiO2 photoanodes. We quantify that among the relative efficiency increase by the incorporation of upconversion-core/semiconductor-shell particles: 17.2% from the reduced photoelectron trapping and the harvest of upconversion 408 nm photons by BiOCl shell, 4.9% from the green and red upconversion of near infrared photons, and 7.7% from the scattering effect of the designed spectral upconverters.

Optimization of surface-profile of orthotropic cylindrical shell for maximizing its ultimate strength

An optimization strategy has been developed to determine the optimal surface-profile of a uniform thickness orthotropic shell for maximizing its ultimate load-carrying capacity. Ultimate load is obtained by considering both buckling and Tsai-Wu failure criteria. A parametric model of the laminated cylindrical shell is created in ANSYS to compute the ultimate load. Later, this finite element computation is coupled with MATLAB to obtain the optimal design parameters. It is shown that the optimal shapes, obtained for several loading conditions, can result in remarkable improvement in the ultimate strength in comparison to the base model of a circular cylindrical shell.

Atomistic insights into the nucleation and growth of platinum on palladium nanocrystals

Despite the large number of reports on colloidal nanocrystals, very little is known about the mechanistic details in terms of nucleation and growth at the atomistic level. Taking bimetallic core-shell nanocrystals as an example, here we integrate in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy with first-principles calculations to shed light on the atomistic details involved in the nucleation and growth of Pt on Pd cubic seeds. We elucidate the roles played by key synthesis parameters, including capping agent and precursor concentration, in controlling the nucleation site, diffusion path, and growth pattern of the Pt atoms. When the faces of a cubic seed are capped by Br−, Pt atoms preferentially nucleate from corners and then diffuse to edges and faces for the creation of a uniform shell. The diffusion does not occur until the Pt deposited at the corner has reached a threshold thickness. At a high concentration of the precursor, self-nucleation takes place and the Pt clusters then randomly attach to the surface of a seed for the formation of a non-uniform shell. These atomistic insights offer a general guideline for the rational synthesis of nanocrystals with diverse compositions, structures, shapes, and related properties.

Enhanced aromatic selectivity using the core–shell synergistic effects of HZSM-5/SAPO-5 zeolites in isobutane conversion

HZSM-5 molecular sieves are efficient catalysts in the aromatization of light hydrocarbons and the fabrication of HZSM-5-based core–shell composites has become an important strategy to improve their catalytic performance due to the simultaneous modification of the acidity and pore structures in the catalyst. In this paper, HZSM-5/SAPO-5 (CSZP and CSZC) were synthesized via a two-stage crystallization process using PDDA and CTAB as modifiers of HZSM-5, respectively. The structure, acidity, and the weight of carbon deposition of the resulting molecular sieves catalysts were characterized using various methods and their catalytic behavior in isobutane aromatization investigated. The results show that CSZP exhibits a perfect core–shell structure with a uniform and thin shell composed of nano-SAPO-5, while CSZC has an irregular coat configuration with HZSM-5 covered by a rough and thick shell consisting of flaky micro-SAPO-5 crystals. The introduction of SAPO-5 via an in-situ synthesis decreases the Brønsted acidity of the catalysts to different extents and provides a large number of intergranular mesopores due to the stacking of SAPO-5 on the surface of HZSM-5, which is favorable toward improving the BTEX selectivity (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) and catalytic stability over CSZP and CSZC. Meanwhile, CSZP has more competitive advantages than CSZC in promoting the mass transfer efficiency due to its significantly thinner shell than CSZC, which combined with its moderate acidity and appropriate mesopore structure result in its excellent selectivity and stability during the aromatization of isobutane.

Highly robust, transparent, and conductive films based on AgNW-C nanowires for flexible smart windows

Flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs) have attracted tremendous concern because it is a key component of next generation electronics and optoelectronic devices. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) random networks have become the most promising candidates for FTCFs, with high transmittance, low sheet resistance, and excellent mechanical flexibility. However, there are many barriers to the application of FTCFs based on AgNWs, such as easy oxidization and weak adhesion to the substrates. Here, we developed a facile approach to fabricate AgNW-C core–shell nanowires derived from the carbonization of glucose by a one-pot solvothermal method. A uniform amorphous carbon shell coating improves the chemical stability of AgNWs and the hydroxyls on the surface of the nanowires enhance the adhesion to the substrate. The AgNW-C/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) transparent conductive film shows excellent robustness when subjected to bending (ΔR/R0 ≈ 2.8% after bending 2000 times). Besides, the conductivity of AgNW-C/PET film remains relatively stable after 100 peeling-off cycles by a 3 M tape test. A flexible electrochromic device (FCD) has also been constructed based on the AgNW-C/PET film, which shows promising stability and mechanical flexibility due to the remarkable electrochemical stability and mechanical strength of the AgNW-C/PET films. The results present the significant potential applications of the flexible transparent device based on AgNW-C/PET film for many fields in the future.