Unidentified Aminophospholipid Research Articles

Microbulbifer okhotskensis sp. nov., isolated from a deep bottom sediment of the Okhotsk Sea.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium КMM 9862T was isolated from a deep bottom sediment sample obtained from the Okhotsk Sea, Russia. Based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences analyses the novel strain КMM 9862T fell into the genus Microbulbifer (class Gammaproteobacteria) sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4% to Microbulbifer echini AM134T and Microbulbifer epialgicus F-104T, 97.3% to Microbulbifer pacificus SPO729T, 97.1% to Microbulbifer variabilis ATCC 700307T, and similarity values of < 97.1% to other recognized Microbulbifer species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain КMM 9862T and M. variabilis ATCC 700307T and M. thermotolerans DSM 19189T were 80.34 and 77.72%, and 20.2 and 19.0%, respectively. Strain КMM 9862T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C16:0, C16:1 ω7c, C12:0, and C10:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, phosphatidic acid, and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of 49.8% was calculated from the genome sequence. On the basis of the phylogenetic evidence and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, the marine bacterium KMM 9862T is proposed to be classified as a novel species Microbulbifer okhotskensis sp. nov. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 9862T (= KACC 22804T).

Blastococcus tunisiensis sp. nov., isolated from limestone collected in Tunisia.

A new actinobacterium strain, designated BMG 823T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected in Tunisia. Its taxonomic position was scrutinized using a polyphasic approach. Colonies of strain BMG 823T were pink orange-coloured, regular and had a moist surface. Cells are Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and oxidase-negative. The strain grew at pH 5.5-9, 10-40 °C and in presence of up to 4 % NaCl (w/v). Chemotaxonomically, strain BMG 823T was characterized by cell-wall type III containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid, glucose, ribose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars, MK-9(H4) as predominant menaquinone, and phosphatidylcholine, diphosphadidylglycerol, phosphatidethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified glycolipid, unidentified aminophospholipids and unidentified glycophospholipid as major polar lipids. The fatty acid profile consisted of iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences placed strain BMG 823T within the genus Blastococcus and separated it from all type strains of validly published species. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity indicated that strain BMG 823T was most closely related to Blastococcus litoris DSM 106127T and Blastococcus colisei BMG 822T with pairwise values well below the species differentiation thresholds. The distinct phenotypic and genotypic features of strain BMG 823T (=DSM 46838T=CECT 8881T) within the genus Blastococcus warrant its recognition as the type strain for the new species for which we propose the name Blastococcus tunisiensis sp. nov.

Halomonas faecis sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from human faeces.

A novel moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-sporulating, non-motile rod, designated strain JSM 104105T, was isolated from human faeces. Strain JSM 104105T was able to grow with 0.5-18% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4-9%), at pH 6-10.5 (optimum pH 7-8) and at 10-40°C (optimum 30°C) in complex media. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω7c, C16:0, C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c, C19:0 cyclo ω8c and C12:0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9 and the genomic DNA G + C content was 64.5mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 104105T should be assigned to the genus Halomonas, and was most closely related to Halomonas gudaonensis SL014B-69T (99.0% sequence similarity), followed by Halomonasazerbaijanica TBZ202T (98.6%) and Halomonaslysinitropha3(2)T (97.3%). The whole genomic analysis showed that strain JSM 104105T constituted a different taxon separated from the recognized Halomonas species. Combined data from phenotypic and genotypic studies demonstrated that strain JSM 104105T represents a new species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas faecis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 104105T (= CCTCC AB 2014160T = CGMCC 1.12945T = KCTC 42146T).

Halomonas jincaotanensis sp. nov., isolated from the Pamir Plateau degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

A Gram-strain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain TRM 85114T, was isolated from the Jincaotan wetland in the Pamir Plateau of China. This strain grew optimally at 30°C and pH 6.0 in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TRM 85114T was affiliated with the genus Halomonas, and shared high sequence similarity with Halomonas korlensis XK1T (97.3%) and Halomonas tibetensis pyc13T (96.4%). Strain TRM 85114T contained C16:0 and C19:0 cyclo ω8c as primary cellular fatty acids, Q-9 as predominate respiratory quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine, unidentified aminophospholipids, unidentified lipids and three unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. The complete genome of TRM 85114T comprised 3,902 putative genes with a total of 4,126,476bp and a G + C content of 61.6%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TRM 85114T and related type Halomonas strains of H. korlensis XK1T, H. tibetensis pyc13T, Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 6768T, and Halomonas urumqiensis BZ-SZ-XJ27T were 75.4-88.9% and 22.9-39.2%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular features, strain TRM 85114T represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name is proposed as Halomonas jincaotanensis sp. nov.. The type strain is TRM 85114T (CCTCC AB 2021006T = LMG 32311T). The amount of 1-naphthylamine degradation by strain TRM 85114T reached up to 32.0mg/L in 14days.

Roseicella aquatilis sp. nov., isolated from freshwater lake.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, ellipsoidal-shaped, red-pigmented, facultatively aerobic strain designated NE82T was isolated from mud sample from Jiugongli Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Optimal growth occurred at 28-33°C (range 15-42°C) and pH 7.0-7.5 (range 5.5-8.5) with 0% (w/v) NaCl (range 0-1.0%). Cells of strain NE82T were 0.4-0.9μm in diameter, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) in strain NE82T were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and C18:1 ω6c). The polar lipids of strain NE82T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.0mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain NE82T showed the highest similarity (97.2%) to Roseicella frigidaeris DB1506T within the family Acetobacteraceae, thus representing a novel species of the genus Roseicella, for which the name Roseicella aquatilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NE82T (= KCTC 62412T = MCCC 1H00292T).

Hymenobacter cyanobacteriorum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater reservoir during the cyanobacterial bloom period.

A Gram-negative, red-colored, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, DH14T, was isolated from a eutrophic reservoir. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DH14T was most closely related to Hymenobacter terrigena (98.3% similarity) and Hymenobacter terrae (98.1%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain DH14T and its related type strains were below 82.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Strain DH14T contained iso-C15:0 (32.6%), anteiso-C15:0 (14.0%), and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) (25.8%) as major cellular fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and one unidentified lipid. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The genomic DNA G + C content was 62.1%. These evidences support the classification of strain DH14T as a novel species in the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter cyanobacteriorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DH14T (= KCTC 92040T = LMG 32425T).

Arachidicoccus terrestris sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped or occasionally filamentous-shaped bacterial strain, designated 5GH13-10T, was isolated from greenhouse soil sampled in Yeoju-si, Republic of Korea. Colonies were milky-coloured, round and convex, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 5GH13-10T was related to the genus Arachidicoccus and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae Vu-144T (98.4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c). The predominant quinone was menaquinone MK-7, and the polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid and five unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 5GH13-10T was 43.8 mol%. The average nucleotide identity values between strain 5GH13-10T and the closely related species Arachidicoccus ginsenosidivorans Gsoil 809T, Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae Vu-144T and Archidicoccus soli KIS59-12T were 74.86, 74.74 and 69.52 %, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 20.0, 19.8 and 18.6 %, respectively. Combined phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic data demonstrated that strain 5GH13-10T is representative of a novel species of the genus Arachidicoccus, for which we propose the name Arachidicoccus terrestris sp. nov. (type strain 5GH13-10T=KACC 18014T=NBRC 113162T).

Gottfriedia endophyticus sp. nov., a novel indole-acetic acid producing bacterium isolated from the roots of rice plant

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated RG28T, was isolated from the roots of rice plant collected from paddy fields in Ilsan, South Korea. Cells of the strain were oxidase-negative but catalase-positive. Strain RG28T was found to grow at 10-50°C (optimum, 25-30°C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 1.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified aminophosphoglycolipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminoglycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 33.5mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Gottfriedia acidiceleris CBD 119T (98.6%), Gottfriedia solisilvae LMG 18422T (98.5%) and Gottfriedia luciferensis LMG 18422T (98.4%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between strain RG28T and type strains of Gottfriedia species were lower than the cut-offs (≥ 95-96% for ANI and ≥ 70% for is DDH) required to define a bacterial species. Meanwhile, the strain has the ability to produce indole-acetic acid (40.5µg/mL). Phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data suggested that strain RG28T represented a novel species of the genus Gottfriedia, for which the name Gottfriedia endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RG28T (= KCTC 43327T = TBRC 15151T).

Arsenicicoccus cauae sp. nov., isolated from the blood of a pediatric gastroenteritis patient.

A Gram-stain-positive coccus was isolated from the blood of a paediatric patient suffering from gastroenteritis. The taxonomic position of this catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming facultative anaerobe designated as strain MKL-02T was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Colonies grown on tryptic soy agar with 10 % sheep blood were circular, creamy yellow, and convex. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that this strain was most closely related to Arsenicicoccus bolidensis CCUG 47306T within the cluster of the genus Arsenicicoccus. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MKL-02T and A. bolidensis DSM 15745T, A. dermatophillus DSM 25571T and A. piscis DSM 22760T were 89.5 and 37.0 %, 79.6 and 22.4 %, and 75.9 and 21.0 %, respectively. The genomic size of strain MKL-02T was 3 423 857 bp with a 72.7 mol% G+C content. Growth was observed at 10-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C) and pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Cells of strain MKL-02T were non-motile cocci and 0.50-0.60 µm long, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acid type (>10 % of total) was C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified lipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The strain contained MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic considerations, it is proposed that strain MKL-02T be classified as a new species, named Arsenicicoccus cauae sp. nov. The type strain is MKL-02T (=NCCP 16967T=JCM 34624T).

Fibrella aquatilis sp. nov., Fibrella rubiginis sp. nov. and Fibrella forsythiae sp. nov., isolated from freshwater, rusty iron and forsythia flower.

Three novel strains, designated as HMF5036T, HMF5335T and HMF5405T, were isolated from freshwater, rusty iron and forsythia flower, in Yong-in, Republic of Korea, respectively. They were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, reddish-pigmented and rod-shaped bacteria. The predominant fatty acids of three strains were C16 : 1 ω5c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). They were found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Strains HMF5036T, HMF5335T and HMF5405T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.8, 92.6 and 93.6 % to Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2T and less than 88.7 % to other members of the family Spirosomaceae. Similarity values among the three isolates ranged from 94.9 to 96.6 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three isolates revealed that they formed a distinct clade within the family Spirosomaceae. The genome sizes of strains HMF5036T, HMF5335T and HMF5405T were 6.8, 6.4 and 7.8 Mbp, and their DNA G+C contents were 54.9, 54.0 and 52.1 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and amino acid identity values between three isolates and F. aestuarina BUZ 2T were 73.8-82.2, 19.6-25.4 and 75.0-87.5 %, respectively. These values were lower than the recommended threshold values for species delimitation. Based on the results of the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigations, three novel species, Fibrella aquatilis sp. nov., Fibrella rubiginis sp. nov. and Fibrella forsythiae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF5036T (=KCTC 82476T=NBRC 115092T), HMF5335T (=KCTC 82477T=NBRC 115093T) and HMF5405T (=KCTC 82478T=NBRC 115094T), respectively.

Pinirhizobacter soli gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel low temperature resistant gammaproteobacterium in the family Rhodanobacteraceae isolated from rhizospheric soil of Larix gmelinii.

Three yellow-colored strains, NC2-4-308T, NC3-4-326 and NA3-4-109, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Larix gmelinii in Nanwenghe Nature Reserve, Great Khingan, China. These strains were oxidase- and catalase-positive and Gram-staining-negative. The cells were non-motile short rods that were aerobic and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at pH values of 5.0-8.0 and at 0-4% (w/v) NaCl. The three strains were resistant to low temperature and grew at 2-35°C. The principal fatty acids (> 5%) were summed feature 9, iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The predominant quinone was ubiquinone-8. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G + C content of the type species was 64.0mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities among the three strains are more than 99.9%, indicating they belong to the same species. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, whole-genome sequences, the low ANI (74.2-75.5%) and dDDH (19.3-20.1%) hybridization values enabled differentiation of strains NC2-4-308T, NC3-4-326 and NA3-4-109 from the members of related genera. The combined data from the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests indicate the three strains as a novel genus and a novel species in the family Rhodanobacteraceae. Therefore, we propose a novel genus with the name Pinirhizobacter soli gen. nov., sp. nov., for which the type strain is NC2-4-308T (= CFCC 14693T = KCTC 72394T).

Clostridium weizhouense sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from activated sludge of petroleum wastewater.

A Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped (0.4-0.6 µm×2.5-3.2 µm), flagellated bacterium, designated strain YB-6T, was isolated from activated sludge of an anaerobic tank at Weizhou marine oil mining wastewater treatment plant in Beihai, Guangxi, PR China. The culture conditions were 25-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 4-12 (pH 7.0) and NaCl concentration of 0-7 % w/v (0%). Strain YB-6T grew slowly in petroleum wastewater and removed 68.2 % of the total organic carbon in petroleum wastewater within 10 days. Concentrations of naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene at an initial concentration of 50 mg l-1 were reduced by 32.8, 40.4 and 14.6 %, respectively, after 7 days. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YB-6T belongs to Clostridium cluster I and is most closely related to Clostridium uliginosum CK55T (98.5 % similarity). The genome size of strain YB-6T was 3.96 Mb, and the G+C content was 26.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain YB-6T and C. uliginosum CK55T was 81.9 %. The major fatty acids in strain YB-6T were C14 : 0 FAME, C16 : 0 FAME and summed feature 4 (unknown 14.762 and/or C15 : 2 FAME). The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. Diaminopimelic acid was not detected in the strain YB-6T cell walls. Whole-cell sugars mainly consisted of ribose and galactose. Based on the results of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain YB-6T represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium weizhouense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YB-6T (=GDMCC 1.2529T=JCM 34754T).

Pseudemcibacter aquimaris gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an aquaculture farm.

A rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium, designated strain Y4T, was isolated from an aquaculture farm in Xiamen, PR China. Strain Y4T had 94.8, 93.3 and 91.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Paremcibacter congregatus ZYLT, Emcibacter nanhaiensis HTCJW17T and Luteithermobacter gelatinilyticus MEBiC09520T, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Y4T was 42.7 mol%. The average amino acid identity and percentage of conserved proteins values between strain Y4T and type strains of the family Emcibacteraceae were 57.9-58.6 % and 44.5-47.6 %, respectively. Optimal growth was observed at 28 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain Y4T required Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ ions in addition to NaCl for growth. The dominant fatty acids of strain Y4T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c) and C14 : 0 2-OH. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids and two unidentified lipids. Cells contained exclusively ubiquinone Q-10. On the basis of the polyphasic analysis, strain Y4T (=MCCC 1K06278T=KCTC 82926T) is considered to represent a novel species in a novel genus of the family Emcibacteraceae, for which the name Pseudemcibacter aquimaris gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Paludibacterium denitrificans sp. nov., a Novel Denitrifying Bacterium Isolated from Activated Sludge

A Gram-reaction-negative, facultatively aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and denitrifying bacterium, designated dN18-1T, was isolated from activated sludge, Republic of Korea. This bacterium was investigated via a polyphasic approach to reveal its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain dN18-1T belongs to the genus Paludibacterium and is most closely related to P. purpuratum KCTC 42852T (96.2% sequence similarity), P. yongneupense KACC 11601T (96.1%), and P. paludis BCRC 80514T (95.2%). The average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values calculated between strain dN18-1T and the closely related strains were 72.5-73.1% and 19.0-19.6%. The genome comprises of 3,347,996bp with a G + C content of 57.3mol%. Strain dN18-1T possesses ubiquinone Q-8 as a predominant respiratory quinone, and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c/C18:1 ω7c), C16:0 and C12:0, as its major fatty acids (>5%). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminophospholipids. The results of ANI calculation, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain dN18-1T from rephrase other genus Paludibacterium species with validly published names. Therefore, this isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Paludibacterium denitrificans sp. nov. (type strain dN18-1T = KACC 19537T = CGMCC 1.16961T) is proposed.

Sphingomonas radiodurans sp. nov., a novel radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from the north slope of Mount Everest.

A bacterial strain, designated S9-5T, was isolated from moraine samples collected from the north slope of Mount Everest at an altitude of 5 500 m above sea level. A polyphasic study confirmed the affiliation of the strain with the genus Sphingomonas. Strain S9-5T was an aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium that could grow at 10-40 °C, pH 5-8 and with 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl. Q-10 was its predominant respiratory menaquinone. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and eight unidentified lipids comprised the polar lipids of strain S9-5T. Its major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and C16 : 0. The G+C content was 65.75mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that strain S9-5T was phylogenetically closely related to Sphingomonas panaciterrae DCY91T (98.17 %), Sphingomonas olei K-1-16T (98.11 %) and Sphingomonas mucosissima DSM 17494T (97.39 %). The average nucleotide identity values among strain S9-5T and Sphingomonas panaciterrae DCY91T, Sphingomonas olei K-1-16T and Sphingomonas mucosissima DSM 17494T were 78.82, 78.87 and 78.29 %, respectively. Based on the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain S9-5T (=JCM 34750T=GDMCC 1.2714T) should represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which we propose the name Sphingomonas radiodurans sp. nov.

Description and genome analysis of Luteimonas viscosa sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil of a sunflower field.

Strain XBU10T was isolated from a soil sample of a sunflower plot in Inner Mongolia, China. The isolate was a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, and its colonies were bright yellow in colour. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XBU10T belonged to the genus Luteimonas of the family Lysobacteraceae and was most closely related to Luteimonas panaciterrae Gsoil 068T (97.8%), Luteimonas marina FR1330T (97.6%), Luteimonas aquatica RIB1-20T (97.4%) and Luteimonas huabeiensis HB2T (97.2%). Growth occurred at 4-40°C (optimum, 28-30°C), with 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0 - 8.0). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain XBU10T, which had Q-8 as its predominant quinone and iso-C17:1 ω9c, iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 as its major fatty acids, were consistent with classification in the genus Luteimonas. The polar lipid profile of strain XBU10T comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The genome of strain XBU10T was 4.17 Mbp with a G + C content of 69.9%. Its genome sequence showed genes encoding alkaline phosphatase and catalase. Protein-coding genes related to carbohydrate-active enzymes were also observed. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between XBU10T and other species of the genus Luteimonas were found to be low (ANIm < 88.0%, ANIb < 85.0% and OrthoANIu < 85.0%). Furthermore, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between strain XBU10T and the closely related species ranged from 20.3 to 28.9% and from 64.2 to 82.3%, respectively. Based on the results of our phylogenetic, phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, it is concluded that strain XBU10T represents a novel species within the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas viscosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XBU10T (= CGMCC 1.12158T = KCTC 23878T).

Spirosoma rhododendri sp. nov., isolated from a flower of royal azalea (Rhododendron schlippenbachii).

A Gram-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic and rod- or filamentous-shaped strain, CJU-R4T, was isolated from a flower of royal azalea (Rhododendron schlippenbachii) collected in the Republic of Korea. Strain CJU-R4T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and grew at 15-33 °C (optimum, 28-20 °C), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0), and in the presence of 0-1 % NaCl (w/v; optimum, 0 %). Strain CJU-R4T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Spirosoma oryzae RHs22T (96.6 %), revealing less than 93 % sequence similarity to other type strains. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analysis also revealed strain CJU-R4T formed a robust cluster with S. oryzae RHs22T. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 33.0 %), C16 : 1 ω5c (22.1 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.6 %) and C16 : 0 (10.7 %). The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. Menaquinone-7 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 55.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CJU-R4T and Spirosoma oryzae DSM 28354T were 81.5 and 23.9 %, respectively. Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain CJU-R4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma rhododendri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJU-R4T (=KACC 21264T=NBRC 114513T).

Hymenobacter siberiensis sp. nov., isolated from a marine sediment of the East Siberian Sea and Hymenobacter psoromatis sp. nov., isolated from an Antarctic lichen.

Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, red-pink-coloured, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 were isolated from marine surface sediment sampled in the East Siberian Sea and strains PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T were obtained from an Antarctic lichen. Strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 were closely related to Hymenobacter artigasi (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter antarcticus (97.3 %) and Hymenobacter glaciei (96.9 %), and PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T showed high similarity to Hymenobacter ginsengisoli (97.0 %), Hymenobacter rivuli (96.1 %) and Hymenobacter setariae (95.9 %). Genomic relatedness analyses showed that strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 could be distinguished from H. artigasi by average nucleotide identity (ANI; 93.1-93.2 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; 50.3-51.0 %) values. Strains PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T could be clearly distinguished from H. ginsengisoli with ANI values <79.8 % and dDDH values <23.3 %. The major fatty acids of strains PAMC 29290, PAMC 29294T and PAMC 29296 were C15 : 0 iso (21.0-26.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 17.4-18.2 %), C15 : 0 anteiso (12.7-19.1 %) and summed feature 4 (C17 : 1 iso I and/or anteiso B; 8.6-16.1 %) and those of strains PAMC 26553 and PAMC 26554T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 20.7-22.2 %), C15 : 0 anteiso (17.5-19.7 %) and summed feature 4 (C17 : 1 iso I and/or anteiso B; 15.5-18.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 60.6-60.8 mol%. The polar lipids of PAMC 29294T were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids; those of PAMC 26554T were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids, four unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The distinct phylogenetic position and some physiological characteristics distinguished the novel strains from closely related type strains in the genus Hymenobacter. Thus, two novel species are proposed, with the names Hymenobacter siberiensis sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 29294T=KCTC 82466T=JCM 34574T) and Hymenobacter psoromatis sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 26554T=KCTC 82464T=JCM 34572T), respectively.

Flavobacterium selenitireducens sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of ancient mulberry.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, yellow, convex, rod-shaped mesophilic bacterial strain, designated strain D33T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of ancient mulberry in Dezhou city, Shandong province, PR China. The strain grew at 8-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 4-9 (optimum, pH 7) and growth occurred at 0.5-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 1 %). The results of the phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences indicated that D33T was closely related to members of the genus Flavobacterium and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with 'Flavobacterium agri' KACC 19300 (95.4 %), Flavobacterium ichthyis NST-5T (94.6 %), Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae KCTC 32467T (93.6 %) and Flavobacterium longum JCM 19141T (93.6 %). The genome size of D33T was 3.8 Mb and the DNA G+C content was 48.0 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values among D33T and reference strains were lower than the threshold values for species delineation. The only respiratory quinone of D33T was menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were C15:0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, iso-C15:0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 9 . The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that D33T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium selenitireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D33T (=GDMCC 1.1946T=KACC 22131T).

Maritimibacter dapengensis sp. nov., a poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates-producing bacterium isolated from sediment of the Dapeng peninsula (Guangdong, China).

A Gram-negative, obligate aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium lacking a flagellum, was isolated from sediment sampled at the Dapeng peninsula of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, and designated strain DP4N28-5T. Growth of strain DP4N28-5T occurred at 15-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 6.0) and in 2.0-10.0 % NaCl (w/v; optimum at 2.0-3.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DP4N28-5T was most closely related to Maritimibacter alkaliphilus DSM 100037T (97.6 %; sequence similarity). The strain synthesized a trace amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C16 : 0, 11-mehtyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0 2-OH. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 62.0 mol% and the estimated genome size was 3.9 Mbp. The calculated average nucleotide value between strain DP4N28-5T and M. alkaliphilus DSM 100037T was 78.1 %. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between strain DP4N28-5T and its phylogenetic relatives indicate that DP4N28-5T represents a novel species in the genus Maritimibacter, for which the name Maritimibacter dapengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DP4N28-5T (=MCCC 1K05640T=KCTC 82805T). The description of genus Maritimibacter was emended to include this new species.