Underweight Subjects Research Articles

Female reproductive factors and risk of joint replacement arthroplasty of the knee and hip due to osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study of 1.13 million women

Previous studies of the relationships between female reproductive factors and osteoarthritis (OA) have shown conflicting results. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between reproductive factors and joint replacement arthroplasty of the knee (TKRA) and hip (THRA) in a large nationwide population-based cohort of postmenopausal Korean women. We included 1,134,680 subjects who participated in national health examinations in 2009 in the study. The study outcomes were incident THRA or TKRA due to severe hip or knee OA. The relationships between reproductive factors and THRA or TKRA were evaluated using a multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards model. During a mean follow-up duration of 8.2 years, 1,610 incident THRA cases and 60,670 incident TKRA cases were observed. Later age at menarche, longer breastfeeding, HRT and OC use were associated with increased risk of TKRA for severe knee OA, while later age at menopause and longer reproductive span were associated with decreased risk. With regard to THRA for severe hip OA, later menarche, longer breastfeeding, HRT more than 5 years, and OC use more than 1 year were associated with higher risk. The associations between reproductive factors and severe OA were more pronounced in underweight and younger subjects. We found that shorter estrogen exposure was associated with higher risk of TKRA due to severe knee OA, and such associations were more pronounced in underweight and younger subjects. The association between shorter estrogen exposure and THRA was not robust.

Correlation between haematological profile and body mass index in adults

Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of fat in various tissues in the body which causes ill health in the body. The basic cause of obesity is imbalance between calories intake and calories expenditure There is increased intake of calorie rich foods and reduced physical activity due to urbanization all over the world.Body mass index is simple formula to classify obesity in adults. It is defined as person’s weight in kilograms divided by height in meter squares (m).Obesity and elevated BMI are the major causes for development of chronic diseases like stroke, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders.BMI is the modifiable risk factors of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular diseases. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between BMI and haematological profile among young Indian population. This study comprises 200 participants comprising 100 males and 100 females aged between 18 to 30 years. The design for this study was cross-sectional survey. Ethical approval was taken from ethical committee of BMCH, Chitradurga. Under aseptic precaution, 10 ml of venous blood sample collected from antecubital vein and then transfererd to EDTA tube. Then haematological parameters like PCV, Haemoglobin concetration, RBC, WBC count was estimated using sysmex haematology anlyser.Subjects were grouped into underweight, normal, overweight and obese subjects. Stastical significance was determined by ANOVA. Scheffe post-hoc test was used to determine significance while pearson correlation was used to determine relationship between the variables. Data was analysed using SPSS software and presented as mean± standard deviation. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.In our study, PCV is statistically increased in overweight and obese individuals as compared to other BMI groups in both males and females. Total leucocyte count was significantly higher in overweight and obese subjects when compared to normal subjects. We found no change in Haemoglobin concentration and RBC count in all BMI groups.In our study we observed, leucocytosis and higher PCV in overweight and obese individual groups when compared to underweight and normal weight BMI groups. There is direct positive correlation between BMI and total leucocyte count. RBC count and haemoglobin concentration shows no statistical significance among all BMI groups.There is need for promotion of a healthy life style, regular exercise, healthy nutrition, stress free life in young population.

Pediatric Reference Intervals for Thyrotropin, Free Triiodothyronine, and Free Thyroxine and the Relevance of Body Mass Index and Puberty in Measurement Interpretation.

Background: The present study aimed to establish age- and sex-specific reference intervals for serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) in healthy children and adolescents. Additionally, we investigated the association of TSH, fT3, and fT4 with putative influencing factors, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), and puberty. Methods: A total of 9404 blood serum samples from 3140 children and adolescents without thyroid affecting diseases were included in determining TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels and age- and sex-specific reference ranges. To investigate the association of TSH, fT3, and fT4 with age, sex, weight status, and the role of puberty-based changes, the hormone levels and BMI values were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS). Results: In general, TSH, fT3, and fT4 were found to be age- and sex-dependent. Puberty was accompanied by decreased TSH, decreased fT3 with a temporary peak in males, and a temporary nadir of fT4 in Tanner stage 3 for both sexes. BMI-SDS was positively associated with TSH-SDS (β = 0.081, p < 0.001); the effect was more pronounced in overweight subjects (β = 0.142, p < 0.01) and insignificantly negative in underweight subjects (β = -0.047, p > 0.05). BMI-SDS was positively associated with fT3-SDS (β = 0.066, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with fT4-SDS (β = -0.135, p < 0.001), with the effect insignificantly less negative in overweight children (β = -0.055, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Age- and sex-specific reference intervals are important for the interpretation of measurements of TSH, fT3, and fT4 in children and adolescents. Influencing factors such as BMI and puberty should be taken into consideration when using measurements of TSH and thyroid hormones in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of thyroid diseases. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT02550236.

Nutritional status of children and adolescents in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija

ObjectiveTo evaluate nutritional status of children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija.MethodsWe conducted an observational cross-sectional, population-based study, enrolling children and adolescents who underwent a pediatric screening performed in the three Serbian enclaves of Gračanica, Gornje Kusce and Velika Hoča in Kosovo and Metohija. Children and adolescents (5–19 years) of all ethnic groups were evaluated in one of the three free outpatient medical facilities in rural villages in Kosovo. Body weight and height were measured, height-for-age z- scores (HAZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) indicators were analyzed. The anthropometric indicators HAZ and BAZ distributions were compared between sex and ages using Fisher’s exact test. A two-sample Z-test for proportions was used to detect differences in individual categories of height- and BMI-for-age categories across sexes and age classes.ResultsThree hundred twenty-eight children and adolescents (184 females, 56.1% and 144 males, 43.9%) aged between 5 and 19 years were enrolled in the study. 241/328 participants showed a normal linear growth; with significantly more girls (78.3%) than boys (67.4%) being in the normal category. Similarly, a significant difference in BAZ distribution between sexes was noted, with more females being in the normal BMI category compared to males (63.0% vs 50.0%, respectively). Underweight and severe underweight subjects showed a prevalence of 1.5 and 0.6%, respectively. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 19.5 and 9.1%, respectively, which was comparable to World Health Organization overweight and obesity prevalence data for Serbia.ConclusionsPrevalence of undernutrition and severe undernutrition in children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija is small. By contrast, a tendency to an increase in overweight and obesity, especially in the male population, was noted.

Prevalence, incidence and characteristics of chronic cough among adults from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

The global prevalence of chronic cough is highly variable, ranging from 2% to 18%. There is a lack of data on the prevalence and incidence of chronic cough in the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of chronic cough in a sample of Canadian adults, and how these are influenced by age, sex, smoking, respiratory symptoms, medical comorbidities and lung function.Participants with chronic cough were identified from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) based on self-reported daily cough in the past 12 months. This is a prospective, nationally generalisable, stratified random sample of adults aged 45–85 years at baseline recruited between 2011 and 2015, and followed-up 3 years later. The prevalence and incidence per 100 person-years are described, with adjustments for age, sex and smoking.Of the 30 097 participants, 29 972 completed the chronic cough question at baseline and 26 701 did so at follow-up. The prevalence of chronic cough was 15.8% at baseline and 17.6% at follow-up with 10.4–17.1% variation across seven provinces included in the CLSA comprehensive sample. Prevalence increased with age and current smoking, and was higher in males (15.2%), Caucasians (14%) and those born in North America, Europe or Oceania (14%). The incidence of chronic cough adjusted for age, sex and smoking was higher in males and in underweight and obese subjects. Subjects with respiratory symptoms, airway diseases, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (% predicted), cardiovascular diseases, psychological disorders, diabetes and chronic pain had a higher incidence of chronic cough.The prevalence and incidence of chronic cough is high in the CLSA sample with geographic, ethnic and gender differences, influenced by a number of medical comorbidities.

Body Mass Index and Ventilator Dependence in Critically Ill Subjects in Japan: A Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Database.

Body mass index (BMI) can be an important indicator for health outcomes among critically ill patients. However, the association between BMI and ventilator dependence at ICU discharge among these patients remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between BMI at ICU admission and ventilator dependence at the time of ICU discharge. As secondary outcomes, we used ICU mortality, hospital mortality, and implementation of tracheostomy during ICU stay. This is a retrospective cohort study. The data were derived from The Japanese Intensive Care Patient Database, a nationwide ICU database in Japan. We included all patients in the registry who were ≥ 16 y old, received mechanical ventilation, and were admitted to an ICU between April 2018 and March 2019. On the basis of their BMI at ICU admission, subjects were classified as underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2); normal weight (≥ 18.5 kg/m2 to < 23 kg/m2); overweight (≥ 23 kg/m2 to < 27.5 kg/m2); or obese (≥ 27.5 kg/m2). Among 11,801 analyzed subjects, 388 (3.3%) subjects were ventilator-dependent at ICU discharge. Compared with normal-weight subjects, the risk for ventilator dependence at ICU discharge increased among underweight subjects even after adjusting for potential confounders and inter-ICU variance in 2-level multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 1.46 [95% CI 1.18-1.79]). Although obesity was also associated with a higher risk of ventilator dependence, the association was less clear (odds ratio 1.10 [95% CI 0.99-1.22]). The risk of ICU mortality, hospital mortality, and implementation of tracheostomy also increased in underweight subjects. Critically ill underweight subjects had a higher risk of ventilator dependence at ICU discharge compared to normal-weight subjects, even after adjusting for potential confounders and inter-ICU variance. The association between BMI and ventilator dependence should be examined using information on subjects' nutritional status and frailty in further studies.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of atrial fibrillation stratified by body mass index: a nationwide population-based study

We evaluated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and analyzed the impact of NAFLD on AF risk in relation to body mass index (BMI). A total of 8,048,055 subjects without significant liver disease who were available fatty liver index (FLI) values were included. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups based on FLI: < 30, 30 to < 60, and ≥ 60. During a median 8-year of follow-up, 534,442 subjects were newly diagnosed as AF (8.27 per 1000 person-years). Higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.053, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.046–1.060 in 30 ≤ FLI < 60, and HR 1.115, 95% CI 1.106–1.125 in FLI ≥ 60). In underweight subjects (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), higher FLI raised the risk of AF (by 1.6-fold in 30 ≤ FLI < 60 and by twofold in FLI ≥ 60). In normal- and overweight subjects, higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF, but the HRs were attenuated. In obese subjects, higher FLI was not associated with higher risk of AF. NAFLD as assessed by FLI was independently associated with an increased risk of AF in nonobese subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. The impact of NAFLD on AF risk was accentuated in lean subjects with underweight.

Gambaran Kesadaran dan Intensi Remaja Kurus Tentang Latihan Fisik

Underweight is a public health problem and the incidence rate is still increasing worldwide, including in Indonesia. This condition is more common in adolescents due to inadequate food intake and lack of nutritional knowledge. The other factor that determines nutritional status is physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to describe the awarenesss and intentions of underweight adolescents about physical exercise. This research was a quantitative descriptive study. It was conducted at SMA Negeri 5 and 3 in Pekanbaru. Ninety two underweight subjects were obtained by purposive sampling technique. Data collected using questionnaire and then analyzed by univariate analysis. The results of this study found that 63% underweight adolescent were female and they were experiencing mild to severe underweight. Most subjects have moderate awareness (77.2%) and good intention (64.13%) about physical exercise. It can be concluded that underweight adolescents have moderate awareness and good intention about physical exercise, despite they are being underweight.

Undernutrition and suboptimal growth during the first year are associated with glycemia but not with insulin resistance in adulthood.

This study aimed to assess whether weight, length, and conditional growth during the first year are associated with glycemia and insulin resistance among young adults. A non-concurrent longitudinal design was used in the study. This is a population-based cohort study, composed of people aged from 22 to 28 years. We estimated z-scores from birth to the first year and the infants were classified as stunted, underweight, overweight, obese, wasted, and at risk of wasting, using cut-offs proposed by the World Health Organization (Child Growth Standards, 2006). Conditional weight and length gain variables were estimated. Glycemia, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) were evaluated in adulthood. Multiple linear regressions that includes the variables associated with glycemia and insulin resistance were used. In total, 1,070 subjects were evaluated and glycemia in adulthood was higher among subjects who were wasted or at risk of wasting at 12 months (β coefficient = 2.77; 95%CI: 0.37; 5.21). In relation to normal weight, those subjects who were overweight at 12 months showed the lowest glycemia (β coefficient = -2.39; 95%CI: -4.32; -0.36). Conditional weight gain in the first year was negatively associated with glycemia in adulthood (β coefficient = -0.65; 95%CI: -1.23; -0.08). SPISE was higher among underweight subjects, and negatively associated with conditional relative weight gain and conditional linear growth in the first year. In conclusion, we found that undernutrition and suboptimal growth were associated with higher glycemia.

Influence of 6-Week Pooled Soccer Plyometric and Sprint Training on Speed and Agility amongst Underweight

The objective of this inquiry was to know the impact of pooled soccer, plyometric, and sprint drill on speed and agility among underweight males. 26 underweight male subjects were chosen with a BMI (kg/m2) of less than 18.5. The ages of the subjects ranged from 18-22 years. The physical fitness tests administered before and after the training program was 20m sprint, 40m sprint, and agility. The training plan was engaged for six weeks, 45M per exercise phase, two days per week. The combined worko

Nutritional knowledge among a large cohort of Italian students: a cross-sectional study.

Healthy food behavior among adolescents represents a prevention factor for the onset of chronic diseases in adult life and is influenced by the familiar, socio-cultural and physical environment. Good nutritional knowledge plays a key role in ensuring healthy eating, that is adequate food choice and intake. This study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge of Italian students from three Italian provinces of the Lazio Region (i.e., Rome, Frosinone, Latina) and to investigate its interrelationship with some socio-demographic characteristics (physical activity, parental education, school district city, BMI) of the surveyed subjects. Students (n = 2573) were surveyed for their nutritional knowledge through the Italian version of the Moynihan questionnaire and for their socio-demographic characteristics. The relationship between their nutritional knowledge and their socio-demographic characteristics was investigated by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Most participants displayed a normal weight (84%), followed by overweight (14%) and underweight (2%) subjects. Most students (44%) practiced physical activity at least twice a week. Most students (75%) reported a high family education level. Sixty percent of the subjects showed inadequate knowledge about healthy nutrition. A significant association (p<0.001) was observed between nutritional knowledge and school district city. Educational nutrition programs should be promoted to improve nutritional knowledge among young people and reduce the risk of chronic disease development.

Eating Habits during COVID-19 Quarantine

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected billions of people worldwide. We are facing a critical situation with various challenges. Many countries have imposed restrictions in daily life activities to control the spread of virus. This caused change in working patterns and living conditions like staying indoors 1. This forced staying indoors for long time can cause stress conditions that directly affect eating habits. Prolonged stress triggers the release of cortisol that produce hunger sensation 2. In some people it also leads to binge eating disorder (BED). In BED there is regular and frequent intake of large quantities of food and no control over eating. Studies indicate that stress induces changes in our food preferences from low fat diet to high fat diet 3. Thus stress causes unhealthy food addiction that leads to obesity. Obesity boost the production of adipokines and other cytokines that eventually cause low grade inflammation, and affect the development of other metabolic conditions like diabetes and arterial hypertension 4.&#x0D; Data from different studies have shown high intake of food during quarantine in adults. A study was conducted in Poland to evaluate nutritional habits in adult during quarantine. About 50% people reported more eating and 43% stated weight gain. Weight loss was observed only in 18% of individuals. An increase in body mass index (BMI) was associated with high intake of fast-food, dairy and meat and, relatively less consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes during quarantine. This weight gain tendency was observed in older, overweight and obese subjects while underweight subjects showed a tendency towards weight loss 1. So, this study highlights a change in eating habits during quarantine and, obese and overweight people are more vulnerable.&#x0D; Thus, staying healthy during this period of confinement is challenging. Healthy eating habits during this time is important to enhance our immune system as virus is continuously spreading. It is important to remain physical active to control weight and eat balanced diet containing all essential nutrients. It is recommended to avoid high glycemic index carbohydrates like sweets, sugar or bread. Instead low glycemic index carbohydrates like brown rice, whole grain, legumes, vegetables and fruits should be used. Proteins are an important part of diet, so food rich in protein but with low percentage of fat should be included in diet 5. A balanced diet also helps in normal functioning of immune system.&#x0D;

Exposure to phthalates is associated with grip strength in US adults

The potential association of exposure to phthalates with muscle strength was reported in previous animal experiments. However, their association was rarely directly investigated in general populations. Thus, we aimed to ascertain the association of exposure to phthalates with grip strength using cross-sectional analysis which included 2436 individuals aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011–2014. The multivariable linear regression models were performed with the adjustment of related covariates. The results suggested that a one-unit increase in log-transformed phthalate metabolites (μg/g creatinine) was inversely associated with grip strength, including Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (β: −2.727 kg, 95% CI: −3.452, −2.002), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (β: −3.721 kg, 95% CI: −4.836, −2.607), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexl) phthalate (β: −4.669 kg, 95% CI: −5.761, −3.577), Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (β: −4.756 kg, 95% CI: −5.957, −3.554), Mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (β: −1.324 kg, 95% CI: −2.412, −0.235), Mono-carboxynonyl phthalate (β: −2.036 kg, 95% CI: −3.185, −0.886), Mono-benzyl phthalate (β: −2.940 kg, 95% CI: −3.853, −2.026), Mono-n-butyl phthalate (β: −2.100 kg, 95% CI: −3.474, −0.726), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (β: −2.982 kg, 95% CI: −4.331, −1.633), and Mono-ethyl phthalate (β: −1.709 kg, 95% CI: −2.368, −1.050). In subgroup analyses, the associations remained largely unchanged when the samples were stratified by gender and age; However they became ambiguous among underweight subjects when the samples were stratified by BMI status. Overall, exposure to phthalates was inversely associated with grip strength among US adults, regardless of their genders and ages. The suggestive potential BMI status-specific effects of phthalates on grip strength were observed.

Socio-Demographic Factors Affect the Prevalence of Hematuria and Proteinuria Among School Children in Hualien, Taiwan: A Longitudinal Localization-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Child hematuria/proteinuria is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in later life, and mass urinary screening could detect asymptomatic glomerulonephritis at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal prevalence of hematuria/proteinuria and its association with socio-demographic factors among school children in Hualien, Taiwan.Methods: The study cohort consisted of first and fourth graders enrolled from 2008 to 2015 in Hualien. We combined the data from two consecutive health examinations to ensure the validity of the body mass index (BMI), urbanization, proteinuria, and hematuria grouping. Prevalence and health status differences between sex, age, BMI, and urbanization level were examined.Results: A total of 16,990 students within the same BMI and urbanization categories were included during the study interval. The prevalence of persistent hematuria was 1.0%. Fourth graders (odds ratio OR: 1.68, p = 0.002), girls (OR: 1.48, p = 0.014), and students from suburban/rural areas (OR: 1.99, and OR: 4.93, respectively; both p < 0.001) demonstrated higher hematuria risk. The prevalence of proteinuria was 0.2%. Fourth graders (OR: 4.44, p < 0.001) and students in suburban areas (OR: 0.27, p = 0.031) were associated with persistent proteinuria. After stratifying by age, the significant association remained. A higher risk of proteinuria was noted in underweight subjects (OR: 2.52, p = 0.023) among the fourth-grade students.Conclusion: The prevalence of hematuria/proteinuria in Hualien was higher than the average reported for Taiwan. Hematuria/proteinuria was significantly associated with sex, age, BMI, and urbanization. Our longitudinal results can provide information for future pediatric CKD prevention in Taiwan.

B-Comet Assay (Comet Assay on Buccal Cells) for the Evaluation of Primary DNA Damage in Human Biomonitoring Studies

Many subjects perceive venous blood collection as too invasive, and thus moving to better-accepted procedures for leukocytes collection might be crucial in human biomonitoring studies (e.g., biomonitoring of occupational or residential exposure to genotoxins) management. In this context, primary DNA damage was assessed in buccal lymphocytes (BLs), fresh whole venous, and capillary blood leukocytes, and compared with that in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs)—the most frequently used cells—in 15 young subjects. Mouthwashes were collected after the volunteers rinsed their mouths with normal saline, and BLs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture or by lancet. Anthropometric and lifestyle information was obtained by the administration of a structured questionnaire. As shown in the Bland-Altman plots, the level of agreement between BLs and PBLs lied within the accepted range, we thus enrolled a wider population (n = 54) to assess baseline DNA damage in BLs. In these cells, mean values of tail length (µm), tail intensity (%), and tail moment were 25.7 ± 0.9, 6.7 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.1, respectively. No significant association was observed between sex and smoking habit with any of the DNA damage parameters. Conversely, underweight subjects displayed significantly higher genomic instability compared with normal weight group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we successfully managed to set up and update a non-invasive and well-accepted procedure for the isolation of BLs from saliva that could be useful in upcoming biomonitoring studies.

Weight change and the incidence of heart failure in the Korean population: data from the National Health Insurance Health checkup 2005-2015.

Heart failure (HF) is associated with obesity, but the relationship between weight change and HF is inconsistent. We examined the relationship between weight change and the incidence of HF in the Korean population. Retrospective cohort study design. A total of 11 210 394 subjects (6 198 542 men and 5 011 852 women) >20 years of age were enrolled in this study. Weight change over 4 years divided into seven categories from weight loss ≥15% to weight gain ≥15%. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of HF were analysed. The HR of HF showed a slightly reverse J-shaped curve by increasing weight change in total and >15% weight loss shows the highest HR (HR 1.647) followed by -15 to -10% weight loss (HR = 1.444). When using normal body mass index with stable weight group as a reference, HR of HF decreased as weight increased in underweight subjects and weight gain ≥15% in obesity Stage II showed the highest HR (HR = 2.97). Sustained weight for 4 years in the underweight and obesity Stages I and II increased the incidence of HF (HR = 1.402, 1.092, and 1.566, respectively). Both weight loss and weight gain increased HR for HF. Sustained weight in the obesity or underweight categories increased the incidence of HF.

Association between Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and Anthropometric Measurements in Children and Adolescents: The Weight Disorders Survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study.

Limited experience exists on the relationship between anthropometric measures and dietary antioxidant intake in the pediatric age group. We aimed to investigate the association of dietary antioxidants intake and anthropometric measurement in children and adolescents. This nationwide study was conducted in 4270 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years. Demographic and anthropometric data were assessed. Children and adolescents were classified as underweight, healthy weight or overweight/obese based on body mass index percentiles. Dietary intake was obtained by a 168-item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Energy and nutrients intake was estimated using the Nutritionist IV software. Dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) was calculated based on the daily dietary intake of selenium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E compared with daily recommended intake. After adjustment for age, gender, living area (rural or urban), energy intake and physical activity level, DAQS was positively associated with waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in under-weight children and adolescents (B = 1.614, 1.634 and 0.01, respectively; all ps < 0.05). Increased DAQS was significantly associated with higher WC and WHtR in normal-weight children and adolescents (B = 0.536 and 0.003, respectively; all ps <0.05). Dietary intakes of some antioxidants were higher in children and adolescents with excess weight. DAQS was correlated with some anthropometric measurements in under-weight and normal-weight subjects. It can provide a novel approach to assess the role of antioxidant intake on health promotion and diet-based therapies in under-weight and normal-weight children and adolescents.

Does underweight amplify the relationship between short-term particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study in a metropolis of China.

Overweight/obesity modified the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure on blood pressure (BP). This study aims to assess whether interaction of underweight and short-term PM exposure on BP exists in Chinese children. A cross-sectional analysis including 144,513 children aged 6 to 17years in 2016 Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents of Suzhou, China, was performed. Daily concentrations of inhalable PM (PM10) and fine PM (PM2.5) were extracted from air monitoring stations close to students' schools. We applied generalized linear mixed-effects models to estimate the interactions. Estimated changes (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) for prevalence of HBP were calculated. Significant interactions between PM and underweight on BP and prevalence of high BP (HBP) were observed. For example, at lag 6, the ORs (95% CIs) for HBP by each 10μg/m3 changes of PM2.5 were 1.066 (1.039, 1.093) and 1.036 (1.028, 1.043) among underweight and normal weight subjects, respectively; these values for PM10 were 1.048 (1.031, 1.065) and 1.025 (1.021, 1.030). At lag 5, the increases of SBP for PM2.5 were 0.32 (95% CI 0.22, 0.43) mmHg and 0.23 (95% CI 0.29, 0.26) mmHg, while changes of DBP were 0.27 (95% CI 0.18, 0.35) mmHg and 0.19 (95% CI 0.16, 0.21) mmHg among underweight and normal weight subjects, respectively. Stratified analyses demonstrated that these interactions were only obtained in males. Effects of short-term PM exposure on BP and prevalence of HBP are enhanced in underweight children and adolescents.

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index of Acting 1st Semester Stkip Mbb with Overweight

The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between body mass index and body weight. The relationship between habits or lifestyle with weight is very influential. This happens because the average research subject does not regulate a healthy lifestyle. In this study, 54 students were selected as research subjects consisting of 42 male subjects and 12 female subjects. Most of the subjects in this study had nutritional status that showed a body mass index in the normal weight category of 25 people, overweight subjects as much as 8 people, underweight subjects as many as 6 people, and obese weight subjects as many as 6 people.

Limitations of serum albumin level as a marker of nutritional status in hemodialysis patients

Introduction. Albumin is widely used to evaluate nutritional status. However, its usage on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study was conducted to determine whether serum albumin levels can be used indicator of nutritional status in end-stage CKD patients undergoing routine hemodialysis.Methods. This cross-sectional study included 535 subjects who underwent hemodialysis twice per week in 2017 from three hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected from the medical records of the subjects and analysed using descriptive statistics and mean comparisons of independent samples.Results. Based on body mass index as a marker of nutritional status, the majority (85.9%) of subjects were not underweight. Almost an equal proportion of underweight subjects had normal serum albumin (15.1%) compared with hypoalbuminemia (14.4%). Hypoalbuminemia was found in 29.7% and 28.6% of non-underweight and underweight subjects, respectively. Moreover, there was no significant difference in serum albumin levels between underweight and non-underweight patients (p = 0.886, Mann-Whitney test).Conclusions. Our data do not support a role for serum albumin level as a marker for nutritional status in CKD patients.