It is assumed that a useful theory of consciousness (ToC) will explain why consciousness is associated with brains. However, the findings of evolutionary biology, developmental bioelectricity and synthetic bioengineering reveal ancient pre-neural roots of many mechanisms and algorithms occurring in brains: minds may have preceded brains. Most work in the emerging field of diverse intelligence emphasizes externally observable problem-solving competencies in unconventional media, such as cells, tissues and life-technology chimeras. Here, we inquire about the implications of these developments for ToCs. Specifically, we analyse popular current ToCs to ask: What features of each theory specifically pick out brains as a privileged substrate of inner perspective, or do the features emphasized by the theory occur elsewhere? We find that the operations and functional principles of most ToCs are not confined to neural substrates, and that the focus on brains is more driven by convention than by the specific content of existing ToCs. Encouragingly, several contemporary theorists have made explicit efforts to apply their theories to synthetic systems in light of recent technological developments in artificial intelligence and organoid bioengineering. We suggest that the science of consciousness should remain open to minds in unconventional embodiments. This article is part of the theme issue 'World models in natural and artificial intelligence'.

Microalgae offer many advantages, such as rapid growth rates, high adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, and superior carbon dioxide fixation compared to terrestrial plants. However, the high production costs hinder their large-scale industrial application. As such, researchers are exploring ways to reduce costs and enhance productivity. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two unconventional culture media, formulated with Bayfolan fertilizer, on biomass and metabolite productivity of Scenedesmus dimorphus. The two media tested included 1 mL of fertilizer per liter (BM) and BM supplemented with 250 mg NaNO₃/L (EBM), which were compared to the standard Basal Medium of Bold (BBM). Scenedesmus dimorphus was cultivated in 2000 L raceways under greenhouse conditions in a semicontinuous culture system over three cycles. The highest biomass productivity was observed in EBM, at 14.59 ± 3.55 g/m²·d, which was significantly higher than BM (7.82 ± 4.55 g/m²·d) and comparable to BBM. In terms of metabolite productivity, significant differences were observed, with carbohydrates being the predominant metabolites produced under all media conditions. While no significant differences were found in metabolite production between the unconventional media and BBM, the costs of EBM and BM were 74.5% and 36.8% lower, respectively, compared to BBM. These findings suggest that the use of Bayfolan-based media could be a cost-effective alternative for large-scale microalgal cultivation. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of such media on different species and investigate the scalability of these findings for industrial applications.

This study provides one of the first quantitative analyses regarding citizens’ perception of hate speech regulation in Spain, based on the influential, empirical study of the Torre Pacheco case. The research at hand statistically validates the correlation between the consumption of content through unconventional media and a reduced tendency to accept regulatory measures, a significant finding given the current climate of growing disinformation and digital polarization. The results indicate that women are more likely to support regulation, while individuals who are politically more conservative tend to reject such intervention. The conclusions highlight a potential association between political affiliation, trust in state institutions, and resistance to content regulation in the digital environment, which provide key insights into the current challenges facing democratic governance.

Several approaches have been reported that aim to achieve simplified standardizations of the kinetic behavior of immobilized enzymes under specific experimental conditions. We have previously published simplified rate equations based on the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Recently, new experimental results have become available on the kinetics and mechanisms of esterifications catalyzed by immobilized lipase in unconventional media, and consequently, a reformulation of their kinetics is necessary. In this work, we report the development of simplified rate equations relating the aforementioned reaction conditions on a new basis, considering our kinetic and mechanistic results. We provide experimental evidence that two different mechanisms describe the esterifications catalyzed by immobilized lipase, either in anhydrous organic solvent (n-hexane) or under non-solvent conditions. A ping-pong bi–bi mechanism with double dead-end substrate inhibition by both the fatty acid and the alcohol has been found to apply in the former case, while in the latter case the esterification proceeds via an ordered bi–bi mechanism with single dead-end substrate inhibition by ethanol. This study may be biotechnologically useful, as the increased use of immobilized enzymes, whether in academic research or in industry, requires sustainable development of new and environmentally friendly synthetic processes.

DNA computing and DNA data storage are emerging fields that are unlocking new possibilities in information technology and diagnostics. These approaches use DNA molecules as a computing substrate or a storage medium, offering nanoscale compactness and operation in unconventional media (including aqueous solutions, water-in-oil microemulsions and self-assembled membranized compartments) for applications beyond traditional silicon-based computing systems. To build a functional DNA computer that can process and store molecular information necessitates the continued development of strategies for computing and data storage, as well as bridging the gap between these fields. In this Review, we explore how DNA can be leveraged in the context of DNA computing with a focus on neural networks and compartmentalized DNA circuits. We also discuss emerging approaches to the storage of data in DNA and associated topics such as the writing, reading, retrieval and post-synthesis editing of DNA-encoded data. Finally, we provide insights into how DNA computing can be integrated with DNA data storage and explore the use of DNA for near-memory computing for future information technology and health analysis applications.

Abstract(2R,4R)‐Pentanediol is an interesting precursor for the synthesis of chiral ligands. A ketoreductase (KRED) was employed for the asymmetric reduction of acetylacetone to this diol. Biocatalysis often suffers from low concentrations of hydrophobic substrates and low stability of the enzyme in unconventional media. Here, we present an engineered KRED variant applicable in a neat substrate system, including upscaling to the multi‐liter scale and downstream processing (DSP). Our engineered KRED applied in a neat substrate system is a powerful technique for the synthesis of chiral diols yielding product concentrations of 208 g L−1.

The relief printmaking process is essentially expressed in woodcut, wood engraving and linocut, as well as some unconventional media. In this process, linocut is the preferred option, especially, by beginners, because linoleum is soft and easy to manipulate. However, the scarcity and high cost of linoleum in Nigeria present difficulties in carrying out exercises in the material. Based on this, it becomes expedient to look for alternatives, and the elastomer comes in handy as a feasible option. This paper is a comprehensive account of the studio experiences. It was an attempt to offer the elastomer as a feasible alternative to linoleum in the relief printmaking process. The objectives were to present the elastomer as a genuine substitute to linoleum, to unearth the weaknesses and strengths of elastomer against linoleum through studio experiments, and to identify the challenges of using elastomers in the relief printmaking process as well as possible ways of surmounting these challenges. The qualitative research method, through the studio experimental procedure was adopted in the investigation. Results showed that elastomers were not only good alternatives to linoleum, but were, indeed, capable of offering finer and more delicate cuttings than were attainable with linoleum.   Key words: Elastomer, linoleum, alternative, relief printmaking, weaknesses, strengths. 

€Zdaily - The Hyperlocal Market and Delivery app is a one-stop shop for customers' desperate needs for food, pharmacy, groceries, and more. The goal of hyperlocal marketing is to organize unconventional media options in a localized environment. The concept of hyperlocal delivery is more long-term and far-reaching, particularly for small-scale retailers and merchants. In this paper, we will discuss the fundamentals of Hyperlocal Market and Delivery App. We will discuss the key aspects of this project, such as what hyperlocal marketing means in marketing, why hyperlocal market and delivery app is important and its acceptance, reliance on this app based on locations and services provided, the driving force, tools, and factors on which hyperlocal marketing app depends which have been discussed further. Keywords—. Hyperlocal, Services, Products, Transactions, Delivery, Communication, Customer.

Education functions to empower human potential to preserve positive cultural values, and create changes in a more innovative direction. Early Childhood Education plays an important role in developing children's creativity and skills. Developing children's creativity, especially painting creativity, children can express their imagination and can also learn to control their hands, coordinate their thoughts, eyes and hands, and express themselves through art. along with the development of the era, painting activities developed using unconventional media, one of which was painting with the technique of tasting with bottles. The research conducted was collaborative class-based Classroom Action Research, which is research that is practical, situational and contextual based on problems that arise in daily learning activities in Kindergarten. The research was conducted in 2 cycles. The subjects of this study were group B students of Pertiwi 1 Bonagung Kindergarten with a total of 31 children consisting of 16 boys and 15 girls. By utilizing used bottles, it is hoped that children will be able to improve their understanding of painting. Based on these data it shows that the activities of each cycle the average percentage obtained by children in 1 class has increased, for this reason researchers have been successful and achieved mutually agreed indicators and it is proven that painting with used bottles can increase the creativity of group B children in Pertiwi 1 Kindergarten Bonagung.

Electrophilic Fluorination of Heterocyclic Compounds with NF Reagents in Unconventional Media

Growth comparisons were made between a microalgal consortium and Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in treated wastewater (TWw) enriched with 1 mL·L–1 Bayfolan Forte fertilizer (BM), TWw enriched with (NH4)2HPO4 (PAM), TWw enriched with NH4HCO3 (BCAM), tap water with piggery wastewater (PEM), tap water with piggery wastewater digestate (PDM), and raw wastewater (Ww). Nitrogen (N) content in the media, except for TWw, was adjusted to 80 mg·L–1 N (NH4+-N and NO3–-N). Unconventional low-cost media with lower nutrient contents (BM and TWw) showed adequate productions of biomass and lipids. PEM was the most advantageous medium, showing the highest biomass productivity with the consortium (191.25 ± 6.25 g·L–1·d–1) and a lipid productivity of 36.75 ± 9.90 mg·L–1·d–1. The fatty acid profile was composed mainly of C16 and C18. PAM, PEM, and PDM showed a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (60%–69%), whereas the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was in the range of 31% to 38%. In PEM and PDM the removal of NH4+ was 100%; however, there were NH4+ losses (as NH3) due to volatilization (46%). Unconventional media, especially Ww, are an option for growing microalgae.

The reversible hydrolytic property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) as well as their acceptance of aglycones other than water has provided the abilities of GHs in synthesizing glycosides. Together with desirable physiochemical properties of glycosides and their high commercial values, research interests have been aroused to investigate the synthetic other than the hydrolytic properties of GHs. On the other hand, just like the esterification processes catalyzed by lipases, GH synthetic effectiveness is strongly obstructed by water both thermodynamically and kinetically. Medium engineering by involving organic solvents can be a viable approach to alleviate the obstacles caused by water. However, as native hydrolyases function in water-enriched environments, most GHs display poor catalytic performance in the presence of organic solvents. Some GHs from thermophiles are more tolerant to organic solvents due to their robust folded structures with strong residue interactions. Other than native sources, immobilization, protein engineering, employment of surfactant, and lyophilization have been proved to enhance the GH stability from the native state, which opens up the possibilities for GHs to be employed in unconventional media as synthases. KEY POINTS: • Unconventional media enhance the synthetic ability but destabilize GHs. • Viable approaches are discussed to improve GH stability from the native state. • GHs robust in unconventional media can be valuable industrial synthases.

This research puspose was to know the concrete management education marketing strategies in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam. This study used qualitative method to observe and analyze the education marketing service and the applied management in the school. The data was collected from the interview results, documentation and study on the observation subjects. Then it was processed with the descriptive analytic approach and presented in narration. The research results was show that: (1) Education marketing strategies by promoting the school model/concept was considered to be good; the segmentation that being targeted are the middle and high level education persons. (2) The effectiveness of promotion media such as conventional and unconventional media; included the word of mouth technique (gethok tular, Javanese language); (3) Marketing strategies management during the initial stages are making banners, presentation to the pre-school institution, and so on; in the next stage are depend on the internet based media; and in the next phase are set to make sustainable promotion media like a merchandise.

The essay claims that a substantial part of contemporary drawing research has worked on the conceptual boundaries of what drawing is or when it takes place. It reports on a piece of public art on the limits of drawing that illustrates contemporary research issues based on drawings as elements or substantial parts of installations, public art, urban interventions, performances, unconventional media and materials. The piece – Arachne’s Loom – was an installation of 1500 m of black fibre-optic cable displayed across an artificial lake connecting a public library building to five computer heads. It was paired with a wind turbine blade placed in a public square – The Children of Eos – and the two together were presented under the title Hard Design. Curating this intervention was an opportunity to explore in a practical way issues that interweave the materiality/immateriality of graphic elements and that have been an important part of the author’s previous work. The wind turbine blade and cables installed in public spaces set up a number of polarities, two of which are relevant for drawing research: monuments vs. festivals and shapes vs. shapeless. Within the first polarity, a symbolic foundation for public art rooted in ancient myths is discussed. Particular attention is given to the power of Arachne’s myth as a cautionary narrative connected to the origins of both figurative and abstract drawing. Within the second polarity, in opposition to the wind blade’s distinct, ‘pure’ form, the rhizomatic structure of a web-like network of fibre-optic cables is explored in the context of drawing research. The text links philosophical rhizomes, real rhizomes, representations of rhizomes and visual allusions to rhizomes with public art, drawing, drawing as process, the World Wide Web and its extensions. The epilogue frames the piece within Nelson Goodman’s aesthetics, suggesting that further research into the work of this philosopher may open interesting paths for drawing theory.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se realiza un análisis minucioso de la comunicación integral y como esta puede servir para que los emprendimientos logren posicionar su marca en el mercado, el desarrollo teórico se fundamentó acorde a las variables de estudio y otros parámetros técnicos claves y necesarios, haciendo énfasis en las etapas o proceso a seguir de un plan de comunicación integral. Se realizó varios estudios como la aplicación de entrevistas y encuestas a la población de la ciudad de Riobamba, obteniendo datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Para el análisis situacional de los emprendimientos se aplicaron herramientas como las 5 fuerzas de Michael Porter direccionado al ámbito interno conjuntamente con la matriz PEST y para el ámbito externo el perfil competitivo. Los resultados muestran la dificultad que tienen estos negocios para posicionar su marca en el mercado, es más algunos de ellos desconocen técnicamente la importancia de esta herramienta para la gestión empresarial. Además, es necesario concientizar a cada una de las unidades de emprendimientos que los medios de comunicación no convencionales que engloban las redes sociales requieren efectivamente la aplicación de una comunicación integral, es decir una conjugación entre el marketing, publicidad y relaciones públicas; caso contrario los productos comunicacionales no serían eficientes y de hacerlo no tendrían ningún impacto positivo en los emprendimientos.

This article aims to further Alfred Gell’s assertion (‘Vogel’s net: Traps as artworks and artworks as traps’, Journal of Material Culture, 1996) that traps be considered as functional artworks and vice versa, and builds on this foundation for an even bolder approach to practical exchange between art and anthropology. The trap is explored as a particular kind of technology that enables analytical play between species perspectives and disciplines which might at first appear to be ontologically distinct from one another, but are in fact recursively shaped and shape one another. Particular emphasis is placed on the ‘craftiness’ of animal traps as adaptable structures with a playful (if combative) propensity, by way of parallel examples of artistic forms and engagements that are ‘tricky’ in relation to existing norms of consumption and production – or even in regards to the label of Art itself. Gell’s initial comparison is used as a means by which traps and artworks might bear more integrally upon one another to suggest not only certain structural similarities (as Gell suggested), but further co-generative potential for new frames of anthropological engagement and more-than-human artistic production. The trap emerges as a ‘diagram of practice’ that enables visual art to locate itself in an ecologically recursive relationship with a given environment. Just as Gell suggested, the trap takes art beyond existing art-historical frameworks and aesthetic conventions. As a method for anthropology, trapping suggests an experimental approach to fieldwork that adopts unconventional media from a given context to playfully draw from its more-than-human object of study. It is for both art and anthropology alike to conjure up the question – like a well-set trap – what is it like to ‘be’ and draw into being that which one is not?

Diamond synthesis from organic materials under high pressure performed for the first time more than half a century ago is now in high demand to fit the needs of nanoelectronics and biomedicine due to the possibility of obtaining nanodiamonds of high structural perfection. The Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, being a pioneer in diamond synthesis in metallic solutions and unconventional media, is a recognized leader in the promotion of new trends in the synthesis of nanodiamonds free from metallic impurities. In this short review, we consider the most likely scenario of hydrocarbon carbonization with the formation of nano- and microcrystal diamonds.

Guerrilla marketing is an innovative approach to communicate with customers and to capture their attention essentially due to its inherent creativity, unconventional media, and low cost. Despite the interesting contributions in the literature on this topic, most of what is known about guerrilla marketing is confined to its use and impact on consumers. This study aims to fill a gap identified in the guerrilla marketing literature by conducting an exploratory research study on the propensity of performing guerrilla marketing campaigns in a Business-to-Business (B2B) context. The research objectives of this paper are (i) identifying the perceptions of B2B managers on guerrilla marketing campaigns and (ii) exploring determinants of the adoption of guerrilla marketing campaigns targeted at corporate customers.We present the results of a qualitative research study comprising 12 semi-structured interviews with managers of different business areas. A content analysis was performed using Nvivo software.Participants in this study demonstrated that B2B managers recognize and value the advantages associated with guerrilla communication, which is in many instances seen as useful and viable for the B2B sector. The propensity for adoption is dependent on internal factors such as corporate culture, managers’ and collaborators’ profiles, risk-proneness, market share, and product innovativeness, but also on the sector’s usual practices of innovation and communication. Guerrilla marketing campaigns are more appropriate for attracting new B2B customers and need to be carefully adapted to the targets' profiles and preferences.

Simple and green synthetic procedures constitute an important goal in organic synthesis. The combination of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and unconventional solvents has become a new research direction, which enables simultaneous growth of both MCRs and green solvents toward ideal organic synthesis. In this paper, we have summarized recent results of MCRs obtained in unconventional media using water and β-cyclodextrin, as supramolecular catalyst, for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]-pyrimidinone (4a–q) derivatives. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 4h, 4m and 4p exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than ciprofloxacin used as the reference drug. Most of the synthesized compounds have good to excellent antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, \ molecular docking study was performed to help understand binding interactions of the most active analogs with C30 carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase enzyme.

This review summarizes recent advances in starch etherification and esterification in unconventional media and by unconventional technologies.