Unchanged Part Research Articles

Machine Learning Techniques for Gender Recognition and Age Prediction Using Digital Images of Human Dentition

In today's digital age, the utilization of digital medical imagery is on the rise, since the increased computational power that enables the development of more advanced machine learning techniques. We have implemented a system capable of determining the gender and estimating the age of individuals based on digital images of their teeth. Teeth, being a robust and relatively unchanging part of the human body, serve as an ideal source for such analysis. By examining Orthopantomogram images, our system systematically extracts gender and age-related information. Developed using the Python programming language, our application is particularly valuable in forensic contexts, where traditional prediction methods can be time-consuming, often taking days. In contrast, our model delivers results in under a minute. We employed the Random Forest (RF) Classifier algorithm to deploy the prediction model, as it effectively addresses the overfitting issue associated with growing input sample sizes. With this approach, we have achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 94% in gender and age prediction.

Channelling electric current during the field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) to control microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V

Perhaps the most defining feature of field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) is the application of an electric current, in addition to the uniaxial pressure, to create resistive heating in and around the sample region. However, with a few exceptions, most research takes this as an unchangeable part of the process. Here, this current flow has been directed to specific regions within the toolset, using boron nitride as electrically insulating material. This caused the heating to occur in differing regions within the Ti-6Al-4V sample and mould over four insulating configurations, with the shift in current density resulting in an extreme disparity in the final microstructures. The samples were imaged and analysed with deep learning in MIPAR, alongside comparisons with finite element analysis (FEA) models for 20 s and 5 min dwell times, to provide the technique with predictive capabilities for grain size and microstructure. The results gathered imply significant potential for this concept to improve the flexibility of FAST, and reduce negative effects such as undesirable temperature profiles in size scaling sintering for industry.

From church to museum and back again

In the small village of Kinnarumma in western Sweden an old wooden church was replaced by a new church buildning in the early twentieth century. The old church was de-sacralized by being moved to an open-air museum in Borås and used there for exhibitions and the storage of museum objects. The need for more church premises in the city led to the re-sacralization of the old church in 1930. The transition of Kinnarumma’s old wooden church to museum object, its museumification, was an expression of change in religious heritage, and its re-sacralization expressed an unchanged part of the same heritage.

Analysis of Consumer Behavior in the Post-Epidemic Era

Different consumers have different purchasing tendencies. With the advent of the Internet era, new technologies are developing faster and faster, and consumers' preferences and factors in choosing goods have also changed. Enterprises can better meet consumer needs and improve sales profits by studying consumer behavior changes and influencing factors. Through studying the theoretical achievements and data of famous scholars at home and abroad, this paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the changes and unchanged parts of the factors that affect consumers' purchase of goods, and puts forward constructive suggestions for businesses. From the perspective of consumers, it also analyzes their shopping psychology. Consumers understand their psychological activity process, which will help them to spend more rationally, and reduce blind consumption and impulse consumption. Such research can not only help businesses study consumer psychology to promote consumption and promote economic development, but also help consumers have a better understanding of themselves and a more rational and reasonable distribution of property.

Soviet Visual Symbols in Internet Memes

The article analyzes Soviet symbols that are present in Internet memes — an important, developing part of modern communication. Despite the fact that the Internet meme has many definitions, the article presents a clear, heuristic view that considers the Internet meme as an element of the emerging metalanguage. Such an understanding is possible due to the structure of an Internet meme, which contains an unchangeable part (language) and a changing part in every new picture (speech). This optics allows us to consider an Internet meme as a saying available for analysis.Using this provision, the article examines the existence and functioning of Soviet symbols in Internet memes. They are usually the subject of various studies of cultural and historical memory. Despite the great attention paid to the Soviet memory discourse, researchers mainly focus on the confrontation of positive and critical memory about the Soviet experience and on the construction of such memory. The author puts forward the thesis about the presence of Soviet symbols outside this discourse and its consolidation in cultural memory and everyday communication on the Internet. The involvement of Soviet symbols can be found outside the paradigm of memory construction and any explicit political discourses. At the same time, Soviet symbols regularly appear in new Internet memes, acting as a universal, understandable code of culture. Symbols such as the hammer and sickle, the red star, the May Day demonstration, figures of leaders and many others serve as a matrix of understanding for everyday communication, purified from purely historical discourses.Using various examples, the article demonstrates symbols, seemingly irrelevant to a young audience, which are successfully used in Internet memes that play out a variety of situations. This approach makes it possible to implement the interdisciplinary paradigm in the studies of cultural memory in the digital environment, using the methods of cultural theorists and the methods of media researchers.

THE LIFETIME MORPHOMETRY OF CARDIOESOPHAGEAL TRANSITION IN PATIENTS WITH HIATAL HERNIA

With the development of X-ray technology and the advent of computed tomography, it became possible not only to accurately diagnose hiatal hernia, but also to conduct morphometry of all its constituent anatomical structures in different projections to use the data obtained at the stage of preoperative planning for its surgical treatment. Currently, due to the improvement in the quality of diagnostics, there is an increase in the detection of patients with this pathology, along with this, the question of choosing the most rational method of treatment is acute. The aim of the study was to study the computed tomographic anatomy of the structures of the cardioesophageal junction in patients with hiatal hernia. A retrospective study of a series of computed tomograms in 53 patients with hiatal hernia, performed on a 64-slice Canon Aquilion Prime tomograph, was carried out. An assessment was made of the diameter of the distal esophagus, the size of the hernia orifice, and the deviation of the axis of the esophagus at the level of the hernial orifice relative to the diaphragm in two planes. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in 79% of cases the esophagus was located on the right and behind the hernial sac, in 13% - behind and in the middle, in 8% - on the left and behind. It was revealed that the diameter of the unchanged part of the esophagus above the hernial sac was 20.9±3.71 mm (min – 15.7 mm, max – 30.2 mm). The dimensions of the hernial orifice varied within 31.21±5.23 mm in the frontal plane (min - 24.7 mm, max - 42 mm) and 32.66±4.36 mm in the sagittal plane (min - 26.2 mm, max - 39.1 mm). The deviation of the axis of the esophagus in the frontal plane was 63.53°±16.74 (min - 19.6°, max - 92.3°). The deviation of the axis of the esophagus in the sagittal plane was 74.12°±21.31 (min - 36.3°, max - 118.1°). Thus, due to the variability in the structure and location of the anatomical structures of the cardioesophageal zone in patients with hiatal hernia, it is necessary to take into account all of the above indicators, including the presence or absence of large branches of the greater omentum in the hernial sac, body type, gender, age of patients, which serves an integral part of preoperative planning of surgical treatment, optimization and reduction of complications, as well as determining the safest method of its surgery.

Synthesizing of a sliding control law for a hydraulic automatic stabilization system

The sliding mode control has the property of control independence from the characteristics of the unchangeable part of the automatic stabilization system (ASS). In the article, this mode is proposed to be applied to ASS to stabilize the horizontal working plane using two hydraulic cylinders. A model of this ASS has been developed. The paper synthesizes a sliding control law for ASS and simulates ASS operation on MATLAB-SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate that ASS is a stable system and works quite efficiently.

Context-Aware Code Change Embedding for Better Patch Correctness Assessment

Despite the capability in successfully fixing more and more real-world bugs, existing Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques are still challenged by the long-standing overfitting problem (i.e., a generated patch that passes all tests is actually incorrect). Plenty of approaches have been proposed for automated patch correctness assessment (APCA ). Nonetheless, dynamic ones (i.e., those that needed to execute tests) are time-consuming while static ones (i.e., those built on top of static code features) are less precise. Therefore, embedding techniques have been proposed recently, which assess patch correctness via embedding token sequences extracted from the changed code of a generated patch. However, existing techniques rarely considered the context information and program structures of a generated patch, which are crucial for patch correctness assessment as revealed by existing studies. In this study, we explore the idea of context-aware code change embedding considering program structures for patch correctness assessment. Specifically, given a patch, we not only focus on the changed code but also take the correlated unchanged part into consideration, through which the context information can be extracted and leveraged. We then utilize the AST path technique for representation where the structure information from AST node can be captured. Finally, based on several pre-defined heuristics, we build a deep learning based classifier to predict the correctness of the patch. We implemented this idea as Cache and performed extensive experiments to assess its effectiveness. Our results demonstrate that Cache can (1) perform better than previous representation learning based techniques (e.g., Cache relatively outperforms existing techniques by \( \approx \) 6%, \( \approx \) 3%, and \( \approx \) 16%, respectively under three diverse experiment settings), and (2) achieve overall higher performance than existing APCA techniques while even being more precise than certain dynamic ones including PATCH-SIM (92.9% vs. 83.0%). Further results reveal that the context information and program structures leveraged by Cache contributed significantly to its outstanding performance.

Unsupervised Change Detection From Heterogeneous Data Based on Image Translation

It is quite an important and challenging problem for change detection (CD) from heterogeneous remote sensing images. The images obtained from different sensors (i.e., synthetic aperture radar (SAR) & optical camera) characterize the distinct properties of objects. Thus, it is impossible to detect changes by direct comparison of heterogeneous images. In this article, a new unsupervised change detection (USCD) method is proposed based on image translation. The cycle-consistent adversarial networks (CycleGANs) are employed to learn the subimage to subimage mapping relation using the given pair (i.e., before and after the event) of heterogeneous images from which the changes will be detected. Then, we can translate one image (e.g., SAR) from its original feature space (e.g., SAR) to another space (e.g., optical). By doing this, the pair of images can be represented in a common feature space (e.g., optical). The pixels with close pattern values in the before-event image may have quite different values in the after-event image if the change happens on some ones. Thus, we can generate the difference map between the translated before-event image and the original after-event image. Then, the difference map is divided into changed and unchanged parts. However, these detection results are not very reliable. We will select some significantly changed and unchanged pixel pairs from the two parts with the clustering technique (i.e., <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -means). These selected pixel pairs are used to learn a binary classifier, and the other pixel pairs will be classified by this classifier to obtain the final CD results. Experimental results on different real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed USCD method compared with several other related methods.

DNA Polymerase Delta 1 Catalytic Subunit (POLD1) as a Prognostic Factor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

DNA polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit (POLD1 or POLD1/p125) plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and proofreading during the semiconservative genome replication. Mutations of POLD1 are associated with abnormal cell division in various human tumors. However, the significance of altered POLD1 expression in malignant diseases and its usefulness as a prognostic factor is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine POLD1 immunoexpression levels in paired sections of tumor and normal kidney derived from 56 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and evaluate the significance of POLD1 protein as a potential prognostic factor in ccRCC. Tissue samples were collected from 56 patients (27 females and 29 males, mean age 62.6, range=27-83 years) who underwent nephrectomy due to ccRCC. Paired tissue samples were obtained from the tumor and unchanged part of the kidney. The expression of POLD1 protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Clinical and pathological data of patients were also collected. Patients were followed-up and the median time of observation period was 39.3 months. The study revealed a significantly higher POLD1 nuclear expression in ccRCC tumor tissue samples and this was correlated with longer survival rates (better prognosis) of ccRCC patients. POLD1 immunoreactivity in ccRCC postoperative material could be helpful as a prognostic marker in the ccRCC patient group.

Квазиперманентное движение сложной механической системы

The motion of a mechanical system with a variable mass composition and variable geometric configuration is studied, continuously changing in time according to a given deterministic program. A free mechanical system moves relative to the center of mass under the influence of reactive, variational, coriolis and linear dissipative forces so that its center of mass does not move relative to the unchanging basis of the system (the carrier body). The motion of the particles of the changeable part of the system (attached masses – the working body) relative to the carrier is continuous in time and has a shock-free character determined by a given control program. We consider the problem of finding the necessary conditions for the existence of the system under which one of the components of the absolute angular velocity of the unchanging part of the sys-tem is constant (quasipermanent motion). These conditions are interpreted as control relations imposed on the mechanical system, realizing quasipermanent motion. This problem is solved using the integral manifold method of the system of equations of motion of the object under study.

Enhancing Coherence Images for Coherent Change Detection: An Example on Vehicle Tracks in Airborne SAR Images

In Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, one of the most widely used measures for the quality of the interferometric phase is coherence. However, in favorable conditions coherence can also be used to detect subtle changes on the ground, which are not visible in the amplitude images. For such applications, i.e., coherent change detection, it is important to have a good contrast between the unchanged (high-coherence) parts of the scene and the changed (low-coherence) parts. In this paper, an algorithm is introduced that aims at enhancing this contrast. The enhancement is achieved by a combination of careful filtering of the amplitude images and the interferometric phase image. The algorithm is applied to an airborne interferometric SAR image pair recorded by the SmartRadar experimental sensor of Hensoldt Sensors GmbH. The data were recorded during a measurement campaign over the Bann B installations of POLYGONE Range in southern Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany), with a time gap of approximately four hours between the overflights. In-between the overflights, several vehicles were moved on the site and the goal of this work is to enhance the coherence image such that the tracks of these vehicles can be detected as completely as possible in an automated way. Several coherence estimation schemes found in the literature are explored for the enhancement, as well as several commonly used speckle filters. The results of these filtering steps are evaluated visually and quantitatively, showing that the mean gray-level difference between the low-coherence tracks and their high-coherence surroundings could be enhanced by at least 28%. Line extraction is then applied to the best enhancement. The results show that the tracks can be detected much more completely using the coherence contrast enhancement scheme proposed in this paper.

Significance of value dynamics of the 20th-century Russian constitutionalism

The article presents the author’s vision of the process of politicallegal and constitutional development of Russia during the twentieth century, features of the dynamics of the values of society enshrined in the constitutions. The fruitfulness of the application of the civilizational approach to the assessment of the lessons of the constitutional development of Russia, the key role of the spiritual and moral values of society, especially the Orthodox tradition, is argued. The constitutional reform of 2020 in our country put an end to the undivided rule of neoliberalism in the state development of our Fatherland, but did not solve all the constitutional and legal issues. An unchangeable part of the Russian constitution, it enshrines not only the foundations of the Russian state system, human rights and freedoms, but also our civilizational capitulation. It is impossible to say otherwise, seeing the regulated inferiority of sovereignty and the constitutional triumph of nihilism, embodied in the prohibition of any state or mandatory ideology, in the equality of all ideologies, that there is an equalization of good and evil.

A parametric approach of partial eigenstructure assignment for high-order linear systems via proportional plus derivative state feedback

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this paper, a partial eigenstructure assignment problem for the high-order linear time-invariant (LTI) systems via proportional plus derivative (PD) state feedback is considered. By partitioning the open-loop system into two parts (the altered part and the unchanged part) and utilizing the solutions to the high-order generalized Sylvester equation (HGSE), complete parametric expressions of the feedback gain matrices of the closed-loop system are established. Meanwhile, a group of arbitrary parameters representing the degrees of freedom of the proposed method is provided and optimized to satisfy the stability of the system and robustness criteria. Finally, a numerical example and a three-axis dynamic flight motion simulator system example with the simulation results are offered to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

Синтаксические средства выражения возможности в тувинском языке

Tuvan biverbal analytical constructions are fixed verb combinations characterized by specific morphosyntactic and semantic properties. They consist of a lexical verb in the form of a participle or participle and an auxiliary verb. This is an unchangeable part of the construction, - a constant. The paper discusses the syntactic means of expressing modal meanings in the functional block of possibilities in the Tuvan language in comparison with the Altaic and Khakass languages. One of these tools is analytical verbal constructions. The author characterizes these constructions with modal semantics of the possibility/impossibility to perform an action. The second component of such constructions can be expressed by grammatical and lexical means. Lexical means are modal words, particles. The grammatical means include infinite forms, modal verbs, and mood and voice forms. The function of the constructions under consideration is a verb predicate. With varying degrees of grammaticalization, they are included in the range of analytical constructions with a wide range of semantics, being a wide-spread, universal, flexible means of conveying the meanings of possibility/impossibility in the modern Tuvan language. Structurally, analytical constructions are a compact way of representing modal meanings, combining several meanings in one structure.

A Novel Change Detection Method for Natural Disaster Detection and Segmentation from Video Sequence.

Change detection (CD) is critical for natural disaster detection, monitoring and evaluation. Video satellites, new types of satellites being launched recently, are able to record the motion change during natural disasters. This raises a new problem for traditional CD methods, as they can only detect areas with highly changed radiometric and geometric information. Optical flow-based methods are able to detect the pixel-based motion tracking at fast speed; however, they are difficult to determine an optimal threshold for separating the changed from the unchanged part for CD problems. To overcome the above problems, this paper proposed a novel automatic change detection framework: OFATS (optical flow-based adaptive thresholding segmentation). Combining the characteristics of optical flow data, a new objective function based on the ratio of maximum between-class variance and minimum within-class variance has been constructed and two key steps are motion detection based on optical flow estimation using deep learning (DL) method and changed area segmentation based on an adaptive threshold selection. Experiments are carried out using two groups of video sequences, which demonstrated that the proposed method is able to achieve high accuracy with F1 value of 0.98 and 0.94, respectively.

The role of long non-coding RNAs and downstream signaling pathways in leukemia progression.

The study of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) is a newly established field and our knowledge about them is rapidly growing. These kinds of RNAs are unchanged parts of the genome throughout evolution, that modulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis during diverse physiological and pathological processes including leukemia development. They have the capability to be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, clinical typing, prognosis, as well as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we summarized the role of lncRNAs in the expression and function of white blood cells and oncogenic transformation into four main types of leukemia.

A Test Case Prioritization Genetic Algorithm Guided by the Hypervolume Indicator

Regression testing is performed during maintenance activities to assess whether the unchanged parts of a software behave as intended. To reduce its cost, test case prioritization techniques can be used to schedule the execution of the available test cases to increase their ability to reveal regression faults earlier. Optimal test ordering can be determined using various techniques, such as greedy algorithms and meta-heuristics, and optimizing multiple fitness functions, such as the average percentage of statement and branch coverage. These fitness functions condense the cumulative coverage scores achieved when incrementally running test cases in a given ordering using Area Under Curve (AUC) metrics. In this paper, we notice that AUC metrics represent a bi-dimensional (simplified) version of the hypervolume metric, which is widely used in many-objective optimization. Thus, we propose a Hypervolume-based Genetic Algorithm, namely HGA, to solve the Test Case Prioritization problem when using multiple test coverage criteria. An empirical study conducted with respect to five state-of-the-art techniques shows that (i) HGA is more cost-effective, (ii) HGA improves the efficiency of Test Case Prioritization, (iii) HGA has a stronger selective pressure when dealing with more than three criteria.

Implementation of the Program for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Introduction:There are many cervical cancer screening programs in the world. Germany, as well as a number of other countries in the world, carry out its national cervical cancer screening program.Aim:In order to improve screening results, new guidelines for cervical cancer screening are in force in Germany.Methods:Auhors used descriptive-analytical method to described advantages and disadvantages of new adopted Guidelines for screnning program according eperiences of used previous program in Germany.Discussion:These guidelines have been adopted and approved by the competent Federal Committee for the implementation of cervical cancer screening in Germany. The committee is under the independent management of doctors and health insurance companies. The Committee is also under the legal control of the German Federal Ministry of Health.Conclusion:New Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening in Germany has an unchanged part relating to cervical cytodiagnostics. In addition, HPV typizatiion has been integrated in the new screening guidelines to further improve the quality of cervical cancer screening in Germany.

The content of chemical elements in the blood and lung tissue in pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Objective — to learn the content of certain micro­and macro elements in serum and erythrocytes of blood, as well as in the affected and unchanged parts of the removed lung preparation in the first diagnosed TB patients.Materials and methods. 61 patients with the first diagnosed infiltrative (45 persons) and disseminated (16 persons) pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. The control group consisted of 50 healthy, similar in age and gender.The content of chemical elements in erythrocytes (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, calcium, potassium and sodium), blood serum (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium) and in the preparation of the removed lung tissue (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, calcium, potassium and sodium) were determined on a C 115 atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results and discussion. The content of zinc and calcium in serum, as well as iron, magnesium, calcium and potassium in erythrocytes of tuberculosis patients is significantly lower than in the control group, while the content of copper, manganese and sodium in erythrocytes of patients was higher compared with healthy persons. Changes in the content of chemical elements in preparations of the affected areas of the lungs, mainly, correlate with the content of chemical elements in the blood of TB patients. All this indicates the presence of metabolic disturbances in patients, dysmicroelementosis syndrome and associated hypoxia as a result of tuberculosis intoxication.Conclusions. In patients with first diagnosed infiltrative and disseminated pulmonary TB in serum and erythrocytes with a specific affected process of the lung tissue, pronounced dysmicroelementosis was observed, both in the direction of decreasing and increasing the content of chemical elements in serum and erythrocytes in the preparations of the affected lung region, which affects the course of a specific process. A decrease in the iron content in erythrocytes is, to some extent, the cause of hypoxia, which is characteris­tic of these forms of TB, and an increase in the content of copper and manganese in erythrocytes (hemo­globin synthesis) is a compensatory reaction. The results of the study provide a basis for a more adequate approach to pathogenetic therapy, both due to a selected diet and microelement preparations. However, despite all this, the issue of chemical elements in the blood of patients with tuberculosis requires further careful study.