Menstrual disorders have long been a subject of significant concern for gynaecologists and physicians, both in ancient and modern times, due to their profound impact on women’s health. Among these, Polymenorrhea represents one of the most prevalent complaints among menstruating women, affecting approximately 5–15% of the adult female population. It adversely influences physical, emotional, and social well-being, thereby diminishing the overall quality of life. Polymenorrhea refers to abnormally frequent or shortened menstrual cycles, which may occur as a physiological variation or as a manifestation of underlying pathological conditions. Under normal circumstances, menstruation follows a cyclical pattern lasting up to seven days; however, deviations in frequency or duration may indicate menstrual dysfunction. In the Unani system of medicine, this condition is referred to as Kathrat-i-Ḥayḍ, denoting excessive menstrual bleeding. When the bleeding persists beyond the normal menstrual period or occurs irregularly on non-menstrual days, it is termed Istiḥaza. The Unani scholars have elaborated extensively on its causes, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies. This paper aims to elucidate the etiological factors and pathogenesis of Kathrat-i-Ḥayḍ as described in classical Unani literature, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its conceptual and clinical significance. Keywords: Polymenorrhea, Kathrat-i-Ḥayd, Unani medicine

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), described as Waja‘al-Mafāṣil in Unani medicine, results from an imbalance between degeneration and regeneration of articular cartilage and bone, where natural repair mechanisms become inadequate. It is a major public health issue and a leading cause of disability in developing countries. Wet cupping, an important Unani therapeutic modality, is explored here for its scientific basis through piezo-channels-mechanosensitive ion channels that convert mechanical pressure stimuli, a key component of wet cupping, into electrochemical signals that may influence joint pathology. Methods: A non-inferiority RCT was conducted on 60 OA patients aged 40-70 years, randomized 1:1 into test (wet cupping) and control (Aceclofenac 100 mg twice daily) groups. The test group received five cupping sessions on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60, and both interventions lasted 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using WOMAC, 100-mm VAS, and active range of motion, along with subjective symptoms. Safety was evaluated through hemogram, LFT, KFT, and urine tests at baseline and week 8. Results: Pre-protocol analysis included 60 patients (30 test, 30 control) who completed the study. Both groups showed significant improvement in objective parameters (VAS, WOMAC, AOR) and subjective measures. However, intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups. Conclusions: Wet cupping’s mechanotransduction effects explain intergroup differences, suggesting it can serve as an effective alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Mizaj (temperament) is a core concept in Unani medicine, reflecting an individual’s constitutional makeup and influencing physical, psychological and behavioral traits. Classical texts suggest that mizaj modulates dream patterns and sleep quality, yet empirical evidence integrating traditional temperament assessment with contemporary dream and sleep metrics is limited. To investigate the association between mizaj, dream characteristics assessed by the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire (MADRE) and sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a community-based adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 adults aged≥18 years in (Location), India. Mizaj was determined using the CCRUM Standardized Mizaj Assessment Proforma. Dream parameters (recall, vividness, valence, lucidity, nightmare frequency) were evaluated using the MADRE and sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis tests and Tukey’s HSD for post-hoc comparisons. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant differences across mizaj types were observed for dream recall (p<0.0001), vividness (p<0.0001), lucidity (p<0.0001), nightmare frequency (p<0.0001) and PSQI global score (p<0.0001), while dream valence showed no significant variation (p=0.910). Safravi participants had the highest recall and vividness scores, Damvi and Safravi showed higher lucidity, Saudavi reported the highest nightmare frequency and poorest sleep quality and Balgami exhibited the best sleep quality. Conclusions: Mizaj is significantly associated with multiple dream parameters and sleep quality, supporting both classical Unani theory and contemporary dream research. Temperament-based screening may offer a culturally relevant, low-cost approach for identifying individuals at risk of sleep disturbances and related psychological distress.

Cyperus rotundus L., commonly known as nut grass or purple nutsedge, is a perennial weed of the family Cyperaceae that has gained global recognition for its remarkable pharmacological and therapeutic potential. The plant is traditionally utilized in Ayurvedic, Unani, and Chinese medicine systems to treat fever, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and metabolic dysfunctions. It is a rich reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. Recent pharmacological investigations have revealed multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological properties of C. rotundus based on published literature. Moreover, it highlights recent trends, mechanistic insights, and future research prospects for the development of novel plant-based therapeutics from C. rotundus.

The family Cucurbitaceae, commonly known as the gourd family, comprises a diverse group of medicinally valuable plants. These are mostly annual or perennial herbaceous climbers native to tropical and temperate regions. Well-known members include cucumbers, gourds, melons, squashes, and pumpkins. Due to their high sensitivity to freezing temperatures, their cultivation is restricted to warmer climates. Although cucurbits generally have low nutrient content, various plant parts-fruits, seeds, stems, and leaves-have been widely used for culinary purposes since ancient times. Beyond their culinary value, cucurbits are integral to traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, owing to their rich composition of bioactive metabolites and phytoconstituents. In India, wild fruits from this family significantly contribute to the healthcare, nutrition, and food security of rural and tribal communities. Notably, some wild species possess higher nutritional value than cultivated varieties.This study focuses on the ethnobotanical exploration, identification, and potential utilization of cultivated and wild edible cucurbits consumed by the Kani tribes residing in the forested areas of the Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. A total of 22 genera and 46 species were documented, along with their habitats, medicinal uses, and conservation status. Among them, 31 species were common and 15 were rare. Except for Cucumis callosus (Rottb.) Cogn., a perennial climber, the remaining 45 species were identified as annual climbers. These climbers are traditionally used to treat various chronic and acute ailments, including diabetes, diabetic wounds, skin diseases, inflammation, kidney stones, jaundice, rheumatic pain, ulcers, and migraines. The findings highlight the need for greater research, documentation, and conservation efforts to sustainably manage and promote the medicinal and nutritional potential of edible cucurbits.

Dandruff—referred to as Huzāz, Abriyā, or Bafā’ in classical Unani literature—is among the most prevalent scalp conditions worldwide, affecting more than half of the global population. This review explores the underlying causes, contributing factors, and clinical presentation of dandruff from both modern biomedical and Unani theoretical perspectives. It also discusses the limitations and potential adverse effects associated with the prolonged use of conventional anti-dandruff therapies. The primary focus of this article is to present the preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches in Unani Medicine, including important single drugs, compound formulations, and relevant Ilāj bi’l-Tadbīr (regimenal therapies) used in the management of Huzāz. The review concludes that Unani interventions offer a cost-effective, accessible, and safer alternative, with herbal measures that are generally well-tolerated and associated with minimal or no side effects.

Pteridophytes, one of the ancient plant groups, have been utilized in the ethnic and therapeutic practices of many cultures. They comprise lycophytes and ferns. These primitive "vascular cryptogams" are much more than decorative plants from the evolutionary past; pteridophytes have been used multifariously in customary medications as a valuable constituent of ethnobotany. Apart from therapeutic uses, these plants are used as sacrament plants, foods, homely items, and culturally distinct symbols all through Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. For centuries, species like Adiantum capillus-veneris, Drynaria quercifolia, Pteris multifida, and Selaginella bryopteris have been employed in conventional medical systems like Unani, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Currently, many indigenous peoples still use locally grown species of pteridophytes for daily nutrition and useful remedies. Regardless of their widespread cultural presence, these plants are still less studied in contemporary materia medica. However, an array of bioactive chemicals with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potentials have recently been found. This review reveals the perpetual implication of pteridophytes and gives importance to the need to sustain traditional knowledge, lift the sustainable use, and explore their potential in upcoming drug invention by amalgamating global ethnobotanical acquaintance with modern scientific understandings.

The morphology, pharmacological activity, and phytochemical screening of Erythrina variegata are the briefly outline in the study. A substitute term for E. variegata is also known as Erythrina indica. The plant is capable of reaching an average height of between fifty and sixty feet. Many phytoconstituents, which includes alkaloid substance, tannins, flavonoids, and other resin, protein, saponins and glycosides, have been identified. Terpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and phenols are a few examples of secondary metabolites. According to Soxhlet techniques, there are five unique solvent system: methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, and aqueous solution. Various parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicinal for their analgesic, nervine-calming, antiseptic, antacid antiepileptic, anti-asthmatic, and anti-inflammatory properties. E. variegata plant parts of leaves are used to treat infections produced by bacteria that inhibit or eradicate Pseudomonas and Escherichia (E. coli) bacteria. Its further block both grammeme-positive and grammeme- negative bacteria. E. variegata leaf bark is the main treatment for various diseases in medical systems like siddha (Ayurveda), Unani medicine, and Homoeopathy.

Background: Melasma is an acquired dyschromia present mostly on the sun-exposed areas of the skin. The etiology for melasma is not clear, various factors like genetic or hormonal influences the cause. The aim was to understand the demographical distribution and epidemiological pattern of hyper pigmentation in melasma patients. Methods: A total of 36 patients participated in the present study at the OPD of Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, Kashmir for a period of one year. Results: In the present study, the mean age of patients with melasma was found to be 30.75±6.74 years, with the age distribution and age of onset ranging between 26 and 36 years. A female preponderance was observed, comprising 29 females and 7 males. Out of the total 36 patients, 21 were married, while 15 were unmarried. The maximum numbers of participants were housewives, and the majority belonged to the upper middle class. Furthermore, 10 patients reported a family history of melasma, whereas 26 patients had no such history. Conclusions: The present observations demonstrate that the melasma has female predominant, affecting reproductive age group mostly found in upper middle class and housewives.

Introduction: Safoof-i Sawda (SS) is a traditional Unani medicine which is used for the treatment of neurological disorders. The study has been performed to evaluate the antidepressant & anxiolytic activity of SS in animals. Method: Anti-depressant activity of SS was evaluated using FST and TST. NISFL test, OFE, and LD test were performed to study the anxiolytic activity. Imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) & Diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) were given as comparator. One way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used. Results: Immobility time is reduced in two lower dose group in both FST and TST model. Feeding latency was reduced in all SS treated groups (P<0.05; P<0.01). In LD test model, SS reduced latency to enter light compartment at 1000 & 1500 mg/kg. Statistical evaluation of frequency to transfers between dark to light chamber showed that diazepam, SS 1000 mg/kg & SS 1500 mg/kg caused a significantly higher transfer frequency. Time spent in light chamber was significantly increased in diazepam group (P<0.05), SS 1000 mg/kg (P<0.05) & SS 1500 mg/kg (P<0.01). Conclusions: SS showed significant anti-depressant activity at two lower tested doses in FST & TST. Anxiolytic effect of the SS was observed at all three tested doses in NISFL test model, while in LD test model, two higher doses of SS showed a significant anxiolytic effect. In OFE test model, despite the increase in parameters in SS group in comparison with vehicle control, none of the three tested dose of SS showed statistically significant effect.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the metabolic conditions that contribute to chronic liver illnesses, and about 25% of the world's general population is estimated to be affected with this condition. If it is not effectively delayed or reversed, 20% of the patients may develop cirrhosis or carcinoma of the liver or both. Despite the high prevalence and severity associated with NAFLD, there is a lack of efficient diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to perform a thorough and systematic assessment of NAFLD and its status quo, ongoing and published research studies on different traditional medicinal systems in India, viz. Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha for NAFLD management, and to explore the potentials and possible avenues for managing NAFLD. This review systematically searched databases, viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, AYUSH portals, Clinical trial registry-India, and a few classical Unani texts to identify evidence on NAFLD and its herbal management in Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha. After screening, 58 key studies and 12 clinical trials were synthesized, comparing traditional concepts with modern diagnostics and highlighting therapeutic insights. There are several herbal drugs and Indian traditional formulations that can be used to prevent and reverse NAFLD. Herbal extracts and natural products are currently the subject of an increasing number of research studies, many of which have been found effective with appreciable benefits against NAFLD. Herbal remedies comprise a promising class of prospective medications for the treatment of NAFLD. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, quantitative ultrasonography, herbal medicine, Unani medicine, narrative review.

Terminalia chebula is a member of the Combretaceae family. Known as the "king of medicines," Harad is among the oldest medicinal plants. Various medical systems, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and traditional Chinese medicine, have highlighted its therapeutic benefits. The goal of the current study is to conduct a thorough evaluation of the traditional uses of Terminalia Chebula, as well as the phytoconstituents of Haritaki. Vijya, Roheni, Putna, Amreeta, Abhya, Jeevanti, and Chettaki are the seven varieties of Haritaki that are described in Bhavprakash Nighantu.Chetaki is further divided into two types based on color.1. Shveta 2. Krishna. This present review has been collecting information about them from various classical literatures and data bases. This study will update the verities on fruit of Terminalia Chebula of the plant, classical review, chemical constituents, Pharmacological study, Traditional use. This review will be more useful for further student research.

Background: Makran is a semi-desert coastal strip that extends from southeastern Iran to Baluchestan, Pakistan, on the coast of the Oman Sea. This region has a special place in the country and enjoys the cultural diversity of the Baluch people. Aim: As no specific ethnopharmacological data are available for the Makran coastline, the present work was undertaken to document and analyze traditional knowledge of medicinal approaches used by Baluch communities (Chabahar and Konarak counties) during 2021-2023 in the Sistan and Baluchestan province. Methods: Data were collected through direct observations during comprehensive field surveys, comprehensive questionnaires, and interviews with local traditional practitioners, herbal healers, and grocery and itinerant sellers of medicinal plants and minerals. Results: Because of its strategic location, ethnomedicine knowledge of this area has been influenced by Indian and Pakistani medicine and has been endowed with a marvelous diversity of therapeutic approaches, such as Unani or Ayurvedic systems of traditional medication for the treatment of different diseases. Herbal integration, mineral (kushtas), mud, and music and heat therapy are examples of medicinal approaches utilized in the study area. A total of 74 potential medicinal plants belonging to 41 families and 6 mineral drugs have been identified to be traditionally used for remedial measures against special diseases. The inventory of medicinal plants showed that Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae dominated other plant families. Out of the total documented species in this area, some species were used as medicine in at least two or further forms in the local communities. The results have shown that musculoskeletal (SKE-L), digestive (GAS-D), and respiratory (RES-R) diseases have high ICF (>0.90). In terms of temperament, 37% of the medicinal plants used in this region have been found to be hot and dry, 28% hot and moist, and 25% cold and dry. Also, 77% of the medicinal plants have been found to have two degrees of toxicity. Spearman's correlation showed a moderate correlation between temperament and phytochemical compounds (r=0.31). Comparing our data with ethnopharmacological references in Iran revealed that applications of minerals (kushtas) have not been investigated in other provinces and are significant in this region. Conclusion: The culture of the coast of Makran is rich in the local knowledge of traditional medicine. In addition to herbal medicines, mineral substances are also used in this area, which are a good source for the treatment of various ailments. The Unani medical system and the composition of herbal medicine (multi-ingredients) are the main features of medicinal methods used at the Makran coastline. The variety of treatment methods used by the Baluch people can suggest a suitable candidate for finding drugs.

Background: South Asia has been identified as the region with the highest unmet surgical need globally. Surgical disease in this region is often characterized by delayed presentation, advanced disease stage, and coexisting malnutrition, which collectively complicate treatment outcomes. Aim: This study aims to analyze and document the patterns, frequencies, and types of surgical procedures performed at the National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) Hospital. Introduction: Approximately 11% of the global burden of disease requires surgical intervention. Worldwide, an estimated 310 million surgical procedures are performed annually. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the surgical burden within a defined hospital population. Materials Methods: A three-year retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at NIUM Hospital, Bangalore. Data from all patients who underwent elective surgical procedures during this period were analyzed. Results: During the three-year study period, a total of 2,123 patients were admitted to the Department of Surgery. Out of 2,123 patients, 1,420 (66.9%) underwent elective surgical procedures. Out of these, 45.9% were males (653) and 54% were females (767). Conclusion: Hernioplasty emerged as the most commonly performed surgery in the Department of Surgery, with inguinal hernia repair being predominant. The study also observed a higher proportion of surgeries performed on female patients.

It is widely cultivated for its leaves and essential oil, which are rich in menthol and used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery.In Ayurveda, mint is prescribed for digestive problems, respiratory ailments, and skin disorders. In Unani medicine, it is valued as a cooling and refreshing herb that balances the body's humors. Traditional Chinese medicine uses mint to relieve sore throat, fever, and headaches.Water requirement of mints is very high. Depending on soil and climatic conditions the crop is irrigated 6-9 times before the first monsoon.Essential oil from Mentha spicata (spearmint) has demonstrated potential in reducing the severity of IBS symptoms, particularly abdominal pain and bloating. Mint contains phenolic acids and flavonoids that contribute to its strong antioxidant activity, which helps neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress. Mixed cultivation with mintAlthough mint is said to repel cabbage white butterflies and Colorado potato beetles, it is generally not advisable to plant this proliferating herb in vegetable beds. Once the cutting develops roots (this can take about a week in water), it's ready to be planted in a pot.

Aims and objective: Khulanjan (Alpinia galanga) is a rhizomatous Zingiberaceae herb long used in Unani medicine. Classical texts ascribe to Khulanjan a warm, dry temperament (Unani mizāj) and describe it as a carminative digestive stimulant and tonic (e.g. Mufarreh, Muqawwi-e-Meda, Muqawwi-e-Qalb), with expectorant and cardiac tonic actions. The objectives of this review are to examine and correlate these traditional Unani uses of khulanjan with modern pharmacological findings; to bridge classical knowledge and contemporary science; and to identify potential therapeutic applications of its bioactive constituents. These traditional uses for indigestion, flatulence, respiratory complaints and weakness reflect its characterization as an aromatic, stimulant herb. Modern phytochemical analyses identify key bioactive constituents in Khulanjan rhizome, including the flavonoid galangin and volatile oils rich in 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, methyl cinnamate, borneol and related terpenes. Such compounds confer demonstrable bioactivities: experimental studies report strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects of A. galanga extracts. For example, high phenolic/flavonoid content in the rhizome correlates with potent radical‐scavenging and antibacterial activity in vitro. Thus, contemporary research largely validates classical claims: Khulanjan’s traditional designation as a digestive/carminative tonic and healer of ‘phlegm’ and inflammation finds support in its phytochemistry and observed pharmacology. This synthesis of Unani doctrine and modern evidence underscores that the age-old uses of Khulanjan have a rational basis, illustrating how classical herbal wisdom aligns with scientific pharmacological validation. Keywords: Alpinia galanga; Khulanjan; Unani medicine; Mizaj; phytochemicals; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial.

Amla (Emblica officinalis), also called Indian gooseberry, is an important plant in Ayurveda and Unani medicine. It is rich in natural vitamin C, and also contains fiber, iron, and many antioxidants like gallic acid and quercetin. Amla is used in famous Ayurvedic products such as Triphala and Chyavanprash. Because of its strong nutrients and healing properties, it helps in improving health and treating many diseases. It helps slow down aging by protecting the skin and boosting collagen. Amla is also good for hair, making it strong, shiny, and preventing early greying. It shows anti-diabetic activity by lowering blood sugar and improving insulin function. In addition, Amla has anti-cancer properties that help stop the growth of harmful cells. Overall, Amla is a natural and powerful remedy for health, beauty, and disease prevention.Amla (Emblica officinalis), also called Indian gooseberry, is an important plant in Ayurveda and Unani medicine. It is rich in natural vitamin C, and also contains fiber, iron, and many antioxidants like gallic acid and quercetin. Amla is used in famous Ayurvedic products such as Triphala and Chyavanprash. Because of its strong nutrients and healing properties, it helps in improving health and treating many diseases.It helps slow down aging by protecting the skin and boosting collagen. Amla is also good for hair, making it strong, shiny, and preventing early greying. It shows anti-diabetic activity by lowering blood sugar and improving insulin function. In addition, Amla has anti-cancer properties that help stop the growth of harmful cells. Overall, Amla is a natural and powerful remedy for health, beauty, and disease prevention. Amla promotes hair growth, prevents dandruff, and protects hair from sun damage. For the skin, it boosts collagen, reduces wrinkles, and protects against UV damage. Medicinally, Amla helps manage diabetes, exhibits strong anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and gastroprotective effects, and is even used to relieve migraine. Its diverse benefits make it a highly valued natural remedy in both ancient and modern medicine.

Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder with few targeted, tolerable, and effective treatments. It is characterized by acute headaches that substantially impair patients' quality of life and work performance. Migraine patients frequently require long-term treatment due to frequent attacks or a chronic course of the condition. Many people still suffer from side effects or insufficient alleviation despite advances in mainstream treatment, which has led to interest in alternative remedies. This case series evaluates the efficacy of Itrifal-e-Ustukhuddus (an herbal Unani formulation) in chronic migraine. Four cases of diagnosed migraine patients were treated with the Unani formulation, Itrifal-e-Ustukhuddus, for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measures included improvements in pain intensity (VAS), migraine disability assessment (MIDAS), and migraine-specific quality of life (MSQOL). All the patients showed notable improvement in symptoms and quality of life. VAS scores reduced from 9/10 to 3/10, 8/10 to 2/10, 8/10 to 3/10, and 9/10 to 2/10, indicating pain relief. Additionally, more than 50% improvement was observed in MIDAS and MSQOL scores, reflecting a reduction in migraine-associated disability and improved quality of life, respectively. With no side effects noted, the Unani formulation showed encouraging effectiveness in treating chronic migraine. However, thorough prospective clinical studies are recommended to confirm its scientific validity and possible incorporation into standard medical practice. chronic migraine, Itrifal-e-Ustukhuddus, Unani medicine, alternative therapy, case series, quality of life.

Traditional medicinal plants have long played a central role in the management of respiratory ailments such as cold, cough, bronchitis, and sore throat. Numerous indigenous systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, utilize a variety of herbs with expectorant, mucolytic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The present review compiles and analyzes current pharmacological and phytochemical evidence supporting these ethnomedicinal uses. Key plant species—Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Adhatoda vasica (Vasaka), Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Piper longum (Long pepper), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), and Justicia adhatoda—are discussed for their bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects. This review aims to integrate traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacological validation, thereby providing a scientific basis for the continued and safe use of these plants in modern herbal formulations.

Background: Acacia arabica Willd. (syn. Acacia nilotica), commonly known as Babula, is a well-documented medicinal plant used in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicine for treating various conditions including inflammation, infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and bone-related ailments. However, scientific validation through standardized analytical studies is essential for quality assurance and pharmacological relevance. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties, phytochemical constituents, and HPTLC fingerprint profile of Babula (Acacia arabica Willd.) fruit to support its traditional use and ensure quality control. Methods: Physicochemical parameters (pH, loss on drying, ash values, and extractives) were evaluated as per standard protocols. Methanolic extract was used for preliminary phytochemical screening and was tested for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. HPTLC was performed using methanol extract with a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (7:3:0.3 v/v) and visualized at 254 nm, 366 nm, and 540 nm. Results: Physicochemical analysis showed pH 4.57, loss on drying 7.62%, ash value 10.53%, acid insoluble ash 1.25%, alcohol soluble extractive 20.39%, and water-soluble extractive 15.78%. Phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins; alkaloids were absent. HPTLC revealed 4, 12, and 4 distinct peaks at 254 nm, 366 nm, and 540 nm respectively, providing a characteristic fingerprint of the plant material. Conclusion: The combined physicochemical, phytochemical, and HPTLC tests of Babula (Acacia arabica Willd.) fruit confirm its traditional uses and help ensure its quality. These results support using Acacia arabica in herbal medicine and help develop it into reliable herbal products.