Unambiguous Understanding Research Articles

The Comparative Analysis of the Correlation of the Criminal Procedural Concepts of “Prerequisite” and “Cause” in Criminal Procedure

Introduction: an unambiguous understanding of certain terms and provisions of criminal procedure law; their semantic certainty is caused by a correct understanding of the correlation of conceptual interaction, the need to resolve contradictions in criminal procedure, ensuring the rights of parties to a criminal proceeding, and the legality and validity of making procedural decisions in a criminal case. A term in the form of a word or phrase is necessary to express a specific concept and distinguish it from a concept that is close in meaning, which accurately denotes its essence in a special field of human knowledge. An important part of the study is to consider the prerequisites and causes for observing and implementing the principle of legality. The aim is distinguishing between concepts in criminal procedure such as prerequisite and cause. Methods: the methodological framework for the research consists of the general scientific methods (dialectical, systematic, structural-functional, logical, etc.) and specific scientific methods (formal legal, comparative law, etc.). As a result of the study, the conclusion is substantiated that the cause is a factor determining the outcome of any event. To find its original source, you need to ask the question, “Why?”. The answer found will be the cause. Whereas prerequisites are the conditions (factors) that generate legal relations.

Implementation of the burden of proof in criminal proceedings by the victim and their representative

The article analyses the provisions of criminal procedure legislation with a view to defining the role of the victim and their representative (attorney-at-law) in proving the circumstances specified in Article 91 and Part 2 of Article 92 of the CPC of Ukraine. It is argued that the legislator, when defining the information which constitutes the victim's burden of proof, used the wording which does not give an unambiguous understanding of the totality of the circumstances which the victim and his/her legal representative are obliged to prove. Based on the results of the textual analysis of the provisions of current legislation, and on the basis of the generalisation of court practice, it is proposed that the circumstances which should be proved by the victim (his/her representative) include the following: the amount of procedural costs incurred by the victim; circumstances characterising the personality of the accused, as indicated by the injured party; arguments and evidence confirming the circumstances set out in the petitions and complaints filed by the injured party; circumstances related to non-pecuniary damage caused to the victim; circumstances underlying the claims set out in a civil action. It is established that a representative engaged by the victim plays a significant role in collecting evidence which forms the basis of the claims set out in a civil action. This includes, in particular, requesting copies of documents certifying the costs incurred by the victim and obtaining an expert opinion based on the results of a psychological examination. It is determined that in order to clarify such circumstances, the victim’s representative may resort to a number of measures, including: 1) submission of lawyer’s requests; 2) conducting surveys of citizens; 3) obtaining an expert opinion on a contractual basis; 4) obtaining temporary access to things and documents on the basis of a decision of the investigating judge; 5) initiating procedural actions in the form of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions, etc.

«Басня о пчелах» Бернарда Мандевиля, или Гимн экономической свободе

Institutions (norms and rules) play an important role in the development of any socio-economic system, and largely determine its direction and speed. Economic freedom is one of the most important ‘products’ generated by the institutional environment. Strictly speaking, there is no unambiguous understanding of this phenomenon, but there is an almost universally accepted opinion that without freedom it’s difficult to achieve success in economic development and thereby ensure the growth of public welfare. The degree of freedom determines the extent and forms in which the interests of economic agents, related to the desire to obtain private benefits, which ultimately benefits the whole society, can manifest themselves. Bernard Mandeville, who can be considered the “petrel of economic freedom” almost the first among scientists and philosophers of Modern times, addressed this issue long before the founders of classical political economy and presented his judgments in allegorical form in “The Fable of the Bees”. Mandeville’s understanding of economic freedom as an opportunity for the manifestation of socially useful ‘private vices’ differs markedly from the interpretations of economic freedom that currently prevail and on the basis of which the relevant international indices are built. Nevertheless, Mandeville’s views, which were frank and devoid of any hypocrisy, served as the ideological foundation of modern views on economic freedom as an extremely useful, but very contradictory phenomenon in people’s lives.

The importance of monitoring neurological manifestations in rehabilitation after radical hysterectomy

Background. Hysterectomy is currently one of the most frequently performed surgical operations in obstetrics and gynecology, second only to cesarean section. However, such intervention is often associated with the risk of complications, including neurological ones. Neurological consequences, due to their characteristics, go beyond physical manifestations and exert psycho-emotional pressure on patients.Objective: to determine the need for monitoring neurological manifestations in women undergoing rehabilitation after hysterectomy.Material and methods. The search and selection of studies in Russian and English languages were conducted according to PRISMA recommendations in scientific databases and electronic libraries: PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, DOAJ, eLibrary, CiberLeninka. In total, 2569 publications were revealed; after subsequent screening 57 articles were selected, which were devoted to the study of neurological adverse effects of hysterectomy and met all the screening criteria.Results. Among all the neurological complications mentioned, the most common is chronic postoperative pain. It is detected in 30% of cases. At the same time, in the vast majority of cases, such pains are rare and are tolerated as mild discomfort. However, there is no unambiguous understanding of the nature of this complication. There is a theory about the essential role of estrogen production and substance P ratio in pain manifestations. Thus, a decrease in estrogen production with unchanged synthesis of substance P significantly reduces the pain threshold in patients, which is the cause of the observed chronic pain. A certain contribution to the formation of this neurological complication is made by residual ovarian syndrome, which is associated with incomplete removal of the ovaries during ovariectomy, traumatic neuroma and mononervopathy. Damage to the nerves or their plexuses in the pelvic area can cause intestinal and urinary disorders, leading to a decrease in the quality of life of patients. Excessive anxiety and depression are additional risk factors for the development of chronic pain after hysterectomy, and the accompanying postoperative changes often have a physical manifestation, for example, in the form of insomnia, restless legs syndrome and sexual dysfunction.Conclusion. Hysterectomy is certainly an effective way to treat a number of gynecological diseases, but it often causes complications that require correction of the rehabilitation program. Neurological negative manifestations need special monitoring, since the depressive state of patients may lead to chronicity of pathological processes.

A forest companies typology regarding their contribution to circular economy: a sustainability reporting-based analysis

Relatively recently, the residuals of forest industry have been considered very important and useful to be reused through bioeconomy and circular economy practices in order to reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources. The majority of current studies have been based on interview protocols and questionnaire-based surveys to examine how managers of forest industry contribute to sustainable development and circular economy. Despite the usefulness of these surveys, there is a degree of subjectivity in the respondents' responses and an orientation to what forest companies propose to do in the circular economy. To overcome the weaknesses of previous research, this paper aims at drawing appropriate information from sustainability reporting of a sample of forest companies to provide a more unambiguous understanding of the way that forest companies meet the circular economy principles. Thus, a circular economy measurement framework is developed which is based on scoring systems and GRI guidelines to draw reliable and harmonized information from corporate sustainability reporting. Furthermore, it results in a four-type company typology according to the number of the circular economy principles and the number of items they achieve for each principle such as pioneer circular company, lagging circular company, innovative circular company and infant circular company. The suggested framework is tested on a sample of 20 forest companies with higher revenue in 2022. The findings show that half of the sampled companies can be considered as infants at the CE practices, while a positive statistical relationship is revealed between forest companies’ circular economy practices and their revenues.

Coptisine reverses Alzheimer’s disease by targeting cholinergic and amyloidogenic pathways

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most unanswered diseases in the world as its complicated pathological mechanism makes it a formidable challenge in modern healthcare with limited intervention options. Due to its chronic nature in neurodegeneration, leading to cognitive decline and brain damage, mitigating this disease is now of major concern globally. The revelation of certain key hallmarks of AD pathology such as cholinergic dysfunction and amyloid plaque toxicity has thrown some insight into identifying therapeutic targets. Only symptomatic relief has been achieved by a single-target therapeutic approach, thus, the development of multi-impediment drugs is urgently needed. The adverse effects of current AD medication and repeated failure of futuristic drugs led us to hunt for a natural compound with beneficial properties that can target multi-facets of AD pathology, and cure this devastating brain disorder. The hypothesis of targeting different pathways contributing to progressive neurodegeneration in AD pathophysiology can be considered a new-age intervention. Coptisine, a bioactive alkaloid with benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline in structure possesses enormous pharmacological benefits including neuroprotective abilities. Together with the potential of coptisine to inhibit the major targets of AD pathogenesis namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE), beta-secretase (BACE1), and gamma-secretase, this alkaloid can emerge as a new-age multi-target therapeutic for AD. However, robust research on coptisine’s suitability against AD pathogenesis is pivotal considering its therapeutic promises and an unambiguous understanding of the coptisine’s future can be predicted by evaluating its efficacy and safety for ameliorating AD.

Spin-configuration of emission states in zero-dimensional metal halides

ABSTRACT Understanding the spin-configuration of excited states in a luminescent material is essential for tailoring its properties for many applications such as light-emitting diodes and spin-optoelectronic devices. Zero-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halide (0D-OIMH) materials have demonstrated remarkable potential in diverse applications owing to their captivating optoelectronic characteristics. However, the electronic structure and spin-configuration of the frequently observed dual-peak emission in these materials remains a subject of intensive debate. In this study, we employ low-temperature magneto-optical measurements to investigate the excited state structure of a representative 0D-OIMH, namely (Bmpip)2SnBr4. The spin-configurations of the dark and bright states are clearly elucidated by measuring the magneto-polarization of the emissions. Our results reveal that the high-energy peak arises from bright excited states within a higher energy band, whilst the low-energy peak originates from a combination of triplet-bright states and singlet-dark states. These findings provide an unambiguous understanding of the exciton structures of the distinctive 0D-OIMHs.

The situation of bringing to justice of a deliberately innocent person

The aim of the work is the research such a feature of the objective side as the situation of a criminal offense provided for in Article 372 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The topicality is due to the lack of scientific development of the situation of bringing to justice of a deliberately innocent person, which leads to its neglect in practical activities when establishing the objective side of the crime. The methodological basis of the study is the complex of such methods as empirical, general logical and special legal methods, since the research of the problem of the situation requires the use of a wide toolkit of methodology. For example, empirical methods were used to study the practical implementation of normative prescriptions in judicial practice. The comparative legal method was necessary for a qualitative comparison of adjacent and competing criminal offenses in order to distinguish them. In addition, the terminological approach was applied to clarify the definition of the situation, which was not only contained in the science of criminal law for its unambiguous understanding. The article consistently examines the general concept of the circumstances of the commission of a crime in various aspects, first of all, in criminal law and criminalistics, as well as the need to establish the situation during the investigation of all criminal offenses, regardless of its fixation in the disposition of an article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It was analyzed the circumstances of the commission of the crime provided for in Article 372 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which is not enshrined in the specified article, but directly follows from its content and is the obligatory feature of the objective side, because the commission of this crime outside the pre-trial investigation excludes qualification by this article of the Criminal Code. The practical significance of the research lies in the theoretical provision of pre-trial investigation and trial with the aim of properly establishing all the circumstances relevant to the case and the correct qualification of a person’s actions under Article 372 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. According to the results of the conducted research, the definition of the situation of bringing to justice of a deliberately innocent person is singled out. It was determined that the commission of this crime is possible only during and under the conditions of a pre-trial investigation, which would simultaneously be the stage of criminal proceedings, the period of time of its conduct, and the procedural activity of authorized persons.

Социально незащищенные категории семей: проблемы соблюдения норм противопожарного режима в местах их проживания

The article provides the first scientific and practical commentary on the norm set out in paragraph 851 of the Rules of Fire Protection in the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of September 16, 2020, which entered into force on March 1, The problem of ensuring fire safety of large families, families in a difficult life situation, in a socially dangerous situation, living in residential premises (rooms, apartments, residential buildings) belonging to them by right of ownership or being in their use is considered, as well as legal acts regulating fire safety issues are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the problems of compliance with the new norm of these Rules, as well as the implementation of state fire supervision, were identified. In order to solve the task set by the state to reduce the number of fires, save the population, correct and unambiguous understanding by individuals and public authorities of their responsibilities, the authors formulated proposals to amend the Family Code of the Russian Federation and the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РОЛИ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТИ К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ БОЛЬНЫХ ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ

The theoretical review presents current data on the problem of adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension. Increase in patient adherence to treatment is an urgent task both in medicine and in medical psychology. The aim was the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific studies of various aspects of adherence to treatment; consideration of the main concepts and methods of studying adherence to treatment of patients with essential hypertension; evaluation of the importance of psychological factors of adherence to therapy and of their impact on the effectiveness of treatment of these patients. A total of 157 literature sources were found, from which 30 publications were selected for subsequent analysis. The scientific and practical significance of the obtained results of the theoretical review is that they complement the phenomenological basis of adherence to therapy. In addition, up to date there is no unambiguous understanding of the role of the leading factors influencing patients’ compliance with doctor’s recommendations. Of special attention are methods of increasing patients’ motivation to follow doctor’s recommendations using various psychotherapeutic methods such as compliance therapy and motivational interviewing. Today, the problem of adherence to treatment is extremely important. A comprehensive psychological study of the patient’s ideas about his disease and forms of emotional response to it, the characteristics of his perception of the ‘doctor-patient’ communication system and various psychological components of adherence are necessary.

Tax law system in the context of digitalization: problems and prospects

The purpose of the article is to develop a criterion for structuring the branch of tax law relevant for the period of digitalization.The methodology of the study includes an analysis of regulatory acts of tax legislation regulating the legal regulation of digital transformation of taxation.The main results and the scope of their application. Due to the lack of a single criterion for the formation of the structure of tax law (in different years, the tax system or the system of tax legislation was considered as such), obstacles are created in the unambiguity of understanding the system and types of tax law institutions. This leads to a number of practical problems related to the “alignment” of new tax law norms that appeared in the digital era into the “classical” tax legal relationship.Conclusions. The criterion on the basis of which the modern legislator, as well as representatives of the tax and legal doctrine, divides tax law into institutions is a controversial issue of the relevant branch of science. Such uncertainty does not give an unambiguous understanding of the legal nature of new tax law institutions, for example, the institute of a single tax payment. At the present stage, it would be logical to use the category of “tax obligation” as a kind of link in the system of tax law, which is predetermined by its fundamental role in tax and legal regulation.

Improvement of post BER performance in computer communication on Viterbi algorithm

Computer communication is the pivotal exchange of information and data among computing devices, exerting substantial influence over network communication quality. The conventional approach has typically centred on enhancing Bit Error Rate (BER) performance to bolster information quality during the transmission process. However, our research pioneers a novel strategy, focusing on post-BER improvement. Our innovative method prioritizes enhancing information quality at the receiver's end by implementing a unique approach. We employ the Viterbi algorithm to elevate the quality of individual words, ensuring accurate word recognition and precise comprehension. The ultimate goal is to provide end-users with an unambiguous and accurate understanding of transmitted words. Our simulation results conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. Following the reception of words, we successfully attain the correct word information with remarkable accuracy. This approach transforms word-level information processing, safeguarding against inaccuracies and ambiguities that may otherwise compromise the integrity of data transfer. In summary, our research introduces a paradigm shift in optimizing information quality within computer communication networks. By focusing on post-BER improvements and harnessing the power of the Viterbi algorithm, we enable the receiver to decode words with precision and clarity. This breakthrough promises to enhance the overall quality and reliability of information exchange, further solidifying the foundation of modern computer communication.

THE CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS REGARDING THE OBJECTS OF THE STATE LAND CADASTRE REGISTRATION

An important factor that can cause legal, social, economic problems and lead to inefficiency and delays in the implementation of land use restrictions is the inconsistency of the terminological apparatus. An analysis of the concepts of "territorial zone" and "functional zone" and their interrelationship in urban planning and land legislation was carried out. Since in Ukraine restrictions on the use of land are the object of the State Land Cadastre, the article discusses the methods for establishing land use restrictions by forming territorial and functional zones and their determination. Despite the fact that territorial zones are a component of the registration, in the land legislation, a clear definition necessary for an unambiguous understanding of this term is absent. It was found that the definition of the concepts of zones provided in the urban planning legislation does not meet the requirements provided in the land legislation. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the concepts of functional zone and functional zone of the territory have certain differences and should be unified; functional zones are established only within the boundaries of settlements, both individual and those that are part of territorial communities; the definition of the territorial zone provided in the urban planning legislation does not meet the requirements provided in the land one; in accordance with the above definitions, land use restrictions are established within both territorial and functional zones. The results of the study illustrate the need to improve the conceptual apparatus in terms of the definitions of the concepts of functional and territorial areas, the limits of their tasks when establishing restrictions and requirements for their content, structure and technical characteristics of an electronic document.

Рenalty for late return of rented property

The article deals with topical issues of applying liability measures for untimely return of property provided for use under lease terms. Based on the norms of the current legislation, the specific features of the penalty provided for in Part 2 of Art. 785 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, and outlined the problematic issues of legal qualification of the relevant accruals from the point of view of their legal nature, the calculation period, and the duration of the statute of limitations.
 It is noted that the imperfection of the legislative technique led to the emergence of opposite approaches to clarifying the nature of the increased costs of the tenant for the use of the property in the non-contractual period – such charges are considered as double rent for the use of the property and as a penalty for violating the obligation to return the property. The position regarding the possibility of simultaneous charging of rent for the period of non-contractual use of the property and a penalty as a penalty for late return of the property, which was reflected in the materials of court practice, also turned out to be controversial. The legal conclusions of the Supreme Court formed at the time of preparation of the article are presented, according to which the calculation of rent must take place exclusively during the period of validity of the lease agreement, and outside the contractual period of use of the property, a penalty in the amount of double the rent for the time the property is actually in the use of the tenant is subject to application. The corresponding position was formed by the cassation instance based on the distinction between regulatory and protective prescriptions and the impossibility of their combination (identification).
 The work indicates the need to establish the lessee’s fault in the untimely return of the property, highlighted the problematic issues of calculating the cost of using the property when renewing the lease agreement on the basis of Art. 764 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and Art. 284 of the Economic Code of Ukraine.
 Based on the results of the research, proposals were made to improve the current legislation, aimed at ensuring its unambiguous understanding by the participants of the tenancy relationship and the unification of the judicial practice of resolving disputes of the relevant category.

Адхократичний механізм формування індексу щастя та його вплив на розвиток підприємств

The aim of the article is to formate an adhocratic mechanism for compiling the happiness index and determining the level of influence of the intellectual potential of employees on the development of enterprises. The article emphasizes that at the present stage of development, the principles of social management, which ensure the search for ways to qualitatively improve the living conditions of a person, are of great importance. Therefore, the desire to improve living conditions encourages people to focus not on quantitative economic growth, but on the qualitative determination of indicators that form the happiness index. The main feature of economic development under the influence of globalization transformations will be competition between countries for the quality of life of the population. That is, each person determines the quality of his happiness index, how the person feels physically, emotionally, how satisfied the person is with his well-being, work, friends, family and State policy. In the modern world, every person, in order to provide oneself and the loved ones with the necessary means of subsistence, must work hard and fruitfully physically or intellectually. However, everyone wants to receive not only sufficient income from their activities, but also moral satisfaction, which forms the happiness index. For many centuries, people have not found an accurate and unambiguous understanding of the concept of «happiness» and the factors that form it. Scientists who conduct research in this area are still trying to find its causes both for the individual and for society as a whole. Therefore, studies have confirmed that a person’s happiness largely depends on the right choice of profession and enjoyment of the internal and external environment. The purpose of the effective work of the management staff of the enterprise is to create conditions for the active development of the intellectual potential of employees at the enterprise through continuous training and the use of a system of material and moral incentives. The article proposes an adhocratic integrated mechanism for managing the intellectual potential of enterprises in the context of global transformations, formed on the basis of adhocracy and the human happiness index, and determining the level of its influence on the development of enterprise. On the basis of the carried out survey, it is determined what factors influence the formation of the human happiness index and on the basis of which the socioeconomic paradigm for the development of intellectual potential in the context of global transformations is formed.

Platforming Effect in Rendering Culturonyms` Coinage at the Expert Translation and Interpreting Level in International Activities

The given paper views the impact of the process of platforming and digital translation platforms (DTP) on the rendering of cultural meaning in the dialogue of cultures at the expert translation and interpreting level. The main topic is the problem of finding mechanisms for preventing loss and distortion of the meaning of key cultural concepts in the digital age. The authors aim at analyzing methods of adequate translation and interpreting of the interlinguistic meaning of culturonyms (key cultural concepts) as influenced by platforming processes and DTP use, and their unambiguous understanding by representatives of foreign-language culture, including these interpretations in the dictionary-manual elaborated by the authors. The issue in question is the inclusion into the dictionary-manual the adequate translation determining interlanguage correlation, new culturonyms,unknown cultural meanings, and revealing and describing hidden meanings of English and Russian culture-specific elements and idioms. The authors applied a culturally oriented approach to translation and interpreting that has showed the diversity and cultural value of culturerelated codes. The cultural analysis has indicated most significant culturonyms. The authors have systematized examples of the use of cultural concepts and their translation into Russian in the word entries within the dictionary-manual, which now comprises 151 word entries. A contrastive analysis of nonequivalent lexis has revealed lacunae and non-included meanings in both printed and electronic dictionaries. The heuristic method has been used to create open-type heuristic translation tasks. The authors have received practical approval of the results. The empirical research method was used to analyze digitalization processes and assess the suitable DTP for the research purposes. The dictionary proposed herein is of theoretical and practical significance in new understanding of culturonyms, training foreign affairs specialists, and may be used in teaching translation and interpreting in higher school linguistic and cultural studies, creative education, as well as in business consulting for international companies.

The Role of Carbides in Forming the Steels Structure and Properties under Pulsed Laser Irradiation

Introduction. At present, in scientific publications, there is no unambiguous understanding and reasoned metal physical justification of the role of the carbide phase of irradiated materials in forming the required structure and achieving a given degree of hardening of surface layers of steels during pulsed laser treatment, especially in the zone of laser hardening from a solid (austenitic) state. The solution to this issue is of great importance, since it allows us to reasonably and purposefully design the required structure of surface layers of products of various functional purposes with high performance properties. The complexity and insufficiently detailed study of the process of structure formation in the surface layers of steels under extreme thermal effects of pulsed laser radiation required a series of metal physical experiments to study the fine structure of steels after high-speed high-temperature hardening. The aim of this article was to obtain, quantify and critically analyze the array of results of metal physical studies and to assess the degree of influence of the carbide phase on the formation of structure and properties of surface layers of steels in the process of pulsed laser hardening in different modes, that is, with and without melting the surface of the samples. Materials and Methods. In the work, carbon and alloyed tool steels were subjected to surface laser irradiation at a Kvant 16 installation. The radiation power density was 70–200 MW/m2. Optical, scanning probe and electron microscopy were used in conducting metal physical studies, as well as methods of diffractometric, spectral and durometric analysis of steels before and after laser treatment. Results. It was shown that laser treatment of steels with a radiation power density of 130–200 MW/m2 led to a local change in the chemical composition in the laser-fused areas of the spot, partial or complete dissolution of carbides present in the irradiated metal and an increase in the amount of residual austenite in the fused areas up to 40–60 %. It was found that on P6M5 steel, the maximum possible hardness of the irradiated zones was achieved by dissolving 30 % of carbides, on 9XC, HVG steels — 60–70 %. It was shown that under pulsed laser irradiation with q=70–125 MW/m2, that is, without melting the steel surface, "white zones" formed around carbide inclusions under the influence of thermo-deformation stresses at the boundaries of the "carbide – steel matrix" composition. They had irretrievability, dispersion of the structure and increased hardness (10–12 GPa). It was determined that the maximum hardness of laser-hardened metal in the zones of laser hardening from a solid state was achieved if the "white zones" occupied 40 % of the irradiated area of steel. It was found that the dispersion of carbides in this case was 0.5–1.5 microns. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies indicate that in order to obtain the best combination of hardness and viscosity of the irradiated zones during laser treatment with melting of the surface of steels of different chemical composition, it is necessary to dissolve different amounts of carbides. The dispersed structure of laser-fused steel zones, along with a sufficiently high content of residual austenite, predetermine the possibility of improving the operational characteristics of irradiated materials, especially under conditions of external shock loads. The analysis of the conducted metal physical studies irradiated without melting the surface of steels allows us to conclude that in order to obtain a high degree of hardening, it is necessary and expedient to ensure the presence of a certain volume of dispersed carbides in the structure of the irradiated steel. The structural composition of "white zones" formed during laser treatment without melting the steel surface contributes to obtaining a unique level of operational properties. The results of the performed studies contribute to the theory of steel structure formation under conditions of extreme heat exposure and allow for a rational choice of modes of surface laser processing of products and their operability.

Promotion of food culture based on gastronomic tourism technologies on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The article deals with the development of gastronomic tourism as one of the important areas of tourism. The subject of the study is the food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The object of this research is the promotion of food culture based on the technologies of gastronomic tourism on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article considers the food culture of the Yakut ethnic group, the trends of the restaurant market, as well as local catering enterprises that specialize in the national Yakut cuisine. The concepts of tourism and gastronomic tourism and their state in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are studied. The problems of popularization of national cuisine are touched upon. The article is devoted to the promotion of Yakut cuisine at the interregional and international levels. The necessity of promoting the food culture of the Yakut ethnic groups on the basis of participation in gastronomic festivals is identified and justified. The fundamental methodology for the study is a descriptive method, which includes the method of observation, interpretation, comparison, generalization. The presented article is relevant due to the fact that currently in modern culture there is a growing interest in the field of everyday food culture. In this regard, the term "food culture" correlates with the accumulated experience of the people, the bearer of culture, of satisfying the need for food. In modern science, everyday food culture correlates with the definition of "gastronomic culture", although to date there is no unambiguous understanding of this multidimensional cultural phenomenon, which is a specific attribute of each nation. The purpose of this study was to identify the features of everyday life through theoretical aspects and practical provisions that reveal the specifics of gastronomic tourism in the region, and the use of everyday food culture of the Yakut ethnic group for its further improvement and development. Based on the conducted study, the reasons for the positive impact of participating in gastronomic festivals are listed.

Peculiarities of food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The article examines the content of human nutrition, based on an axiological approach to understanding culture: food can become a carrier of spirituality and cultural value meanings. In this connection, the semantic meanings of such concepts as "food culture" and "gastronomic culture" are revealed. In modern science, everyday food culture correlates with the definition of "gastronomic culture", although to date there is no unambiguous understanding of this multidimensional cultural phenomenon, which is a specific attribute of each regional culture. The subject of the study is the food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The object of this study is the peculiarities of everyday food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). To identify possible gastronomic brands of Yakutia, a pilot survey was conducted among residents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The presented article is relevant due to the fact that currently in modern culture there is a growing interest in the field of everyday food culture. The topic of food covers all areas of popular culture. Many books and periodicals on culinary topics are published. Exhibitions and competitions of culinary art are held. The catering system is actively developing. And these issues seem relevant today from the point of view of cultural knowledge and deserve close theoretical study.

Трансформация стратегии организации: причины, факторы, условия

The relevance of research in the field of transformation of the organization's strategy in an unstable external and internal environment is of high importance. Despite numerous publications of scientific articles and the presence of a sufficiently developed theoretical base, there is no unambiguous understanding of the term "Transformation" in relation to the development strategy of the organization. The factors and conditions affecting the need for transformation are not fully classified. The study systematizes factors of the external and internal environment that cause the need for transformation of the organization's strategy.