Ultrasound Readings Research Articles

Does the external remote controller\u2019s reading correspond to the actual lengthening in magnetic-controlled growing rods?

PurposeMagnetic-controlled growing rods (MCGRs) are now routinely used in many centres to treat early-onset scoliosis (EOS). MCGR lengthening is done non-invasively by the external remote controller (ERC). Our experience suggests that there may be a discrepancy between the reported rod lengthening on the ERC and the actual rod lengthening. The aim of this study was to investigate this discrepancy.MethodsThis was a prospective series. Eleven patients who were already undergoing treatment for EOS using MCGRs were included in this study.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-two sets of ultrasound readings were obtained (96 episodes of rod lengthening on dual-rod constructs) and compared to their ERC readings. Only 15/192 (7.8%) readings were accurate; 27 readings (14.9%) were false positive; and 8 readings (4.2%) were an underestimation while 142 readings (74.0%) were an overestimation by the ERC. Average over-reporting by the ERC was 5.31 times of the actual/ultrasound reading. When comparing interval radiographs with lengthening obtained on ultrasound, there was a discrepancy with an average overestimation of 1.35 times with ultrasound in our series. There was a significant difference between ERC and USS (p = 0.01) and ERC and XR (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between USS and XR (p > 0.99).ConclusionThe reading on the ERC does not equate to the actual rod lengthening. The authors would recommend that clinicians using the MCGR for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis include pre- and post-extension imaging (radiographs or ultrasound) to confirm extension lengths at each outpatient extension. In centres with ultrasound facilities, we would suggest that patients should have ultrasound to monitor each lengthening after distraction but also 6-month radiographs.Graphic abstractThese slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Ultrasonography for chairside evaluation of periodontal structures: A pilot study.

The crestal bone level and soft tissue dimension are essential for periodontal diagnosis and phenotype determination; yet, existing measurement methods have limitations. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the correlation and accuracy of ultrasound in measuring periodontal dimensions, compared to direct clinical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods. A 24-MHz ultrasound probe prototype, specifically designed for intraoral use, was employed. Periodontal soft tissue dimensions and crestal bone levels were measured at 40 teeth and 20 single missing tooth gaps from 20 patients scheduled to receive a dental implant surgery. The ultrasound images were interpreted by two calibrated examiners. Inter-rater agreement was calculated by using inter-rater correlation coefficient (ICC). Ultrasound readings were compared with direct clinical and CBCT readings by using ICC and Bland-Altman analysis. The following six parameters were measured: 1) interdental papilla height (tooth), 2) mid-facial soft tissue height (tooth), 3) mucosal thickness (tooth), 4) soft tissue height (edentulous ridge), 5) mucosal thickness (edentulous ridge), and 6) crestal bone level (tooth). Intra-examiner calibrations were exercised to achieve an agreement of at least 0.8. ICC between the two readers ranged from 0.482 to 0.881. ICC between ultrasound and direct readings ranged from 0.667 to 0.957. The mean difference in mucosal thickness (tooth) between the ultrasound and direct readings was -0.015mm (95% CI: -0.655 to 0.624mm) without statistical significance. ICC between ultrasound and CBCT ranged from 0.654 to 0.849 among the measured parameters. The mean differences between ultrasound and CBCT range from -0.213 to 0.455mm, without statistical significance. Ultrasonic imaging can be valuable for accurate and real-time periodontal diagnosis without concerns about ionizing radiation.

Impact of Aortic Atherosclerosis Burden on Outcomes of Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

Epiaortic ultrasound detects and localizes ascending aortic atherosclerosis. In this analysis we investigated the association between epiaortic ultrasound-based atheroma grade during surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and perioperative adverse outcomes. SAVR patients in a randomized trial of 2 embolic protection devices underwent a protocol-defined 5-view epiaortic ultrasound read at a core laboratory. Aortic atherosclerosis was quantified with the Katz atheroma grade, and patients were categorized as mild (grade I-II) or moderate/severe (grade III-V). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between atheroma grade and adverse outcomes, including death, clinically apparent stroke, cerebral infarction on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, delirium, and acute kidney injury (AKI) by 7and 30 days. Precannulation epiaortic ultrasound data were available for 326 of 383 randomized patients (85.1%). Of these, 106 (32.5%) had moderate/severe Katz atheroma grade at any segment of the ascending aorta. Although differences in the composite of death, stroke, or cerebral infarction on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging by 7 days were not statistically significant, moderate/severe atheroma grade was associated with a greater risk of AKI by 7 days (adjusted odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-5.58; P= .01). At 30 days, patients with moderate/severe atheroma grade had a greater risk of death, stroke, or AKI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.71; P= .04). Moderate/severe aortic atherosclerosis was associated with an increased risk of adverse events after SAVR. Epiaortic ultrasound may serve as a useful adjunct for identifying patients who may benefit from strategies to reduce atheroembolic complications during SAVR.

Umbilical venous catheter insertion depth estimation using birth weight versus surface measurement formula: a randomized controlled trial

To determine if umbilical venous catheter (UVC) insertion depth estimated by surface measurement (SM) results in optimal catheter tip position on ultrasound as compared with formula using birth weight (BW). In this randomized controlled trial, eligible infants were randomized to UVC insertion depth estimated by SM or BW method. We compared proportion of optimum UVC position on ultrasound read by neonatologist masked with group assignment. UVC was inserted to estimated depth in 164 of 200 enroled infants. There was no difference in the proportion of correctly positioned UVCs between the groups (SM 33/82 (40.2%) vs BW 27/82 (32.9%), p = 0.33). Among BW < 1000 g, SM method had higher correctly positioned UVC (43.7% vs 22.5%, p = 0.07). There was no difference in the rate of optimally positioned UVC tip between the two methods for estimating UVC insertion depth. However, SM method results in more optimal positioning of UVC tip among BW < 1000 g infants.

Using In Vivo Dosimetry Measurements and Ultrasound Skin Bridge Readings to Create a Prediction Model for Absorbed Dose to the Skin during Intraoperative Breast Radiation Therapy

To develop a simple and efficient prediction model for estimating the skin dose during intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for breast cancer that utilizes the ultrasound skin bridge readings obtained as part of the treatment preparation.

3D ultrasound file reading and coordinate transformations.

SummaryThe Kretzfile format is used to store 3D ultrasound data, from GE Voluson ultrasound scanners. The geometry used in these hies is a toroidal coordinate system. Cartesian coordinates are required to allow application of advanced image libraries like ITK and scikit-image.We present ITK transformation and utilities to convert Kretzfiles to cartesian coordinates. Previous work (SlicerHeart, 2017) has enabled the reading of kretz files and approximate coordinate transformations. This work will enable medical imaging researchers to investigate clinically 3D ultrasound.

Blinded Ultrasound Examination of the Subscapularis Following Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty.

BackgroundThe subscapularis tendon is commonly released during shoulder arthroplasty, and its integrity and repair postoperatively have been shown important to help maximize patient function. However, diagnosing subscapular tendon failure can be difficult with magnetic resonance imaging secondary to metal artifact as well as very costly.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the utility of ultrasound imaging in evaluating subscapularis integrity at specific time points following shoulder arthroplasty, in a blinded fashion. Secondarily, we report on the correlation between the condition of the subscapularis and quality-of-life outcome measures.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsUltrasounds were completed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week as well as at 1, 3, and 6 months. Each was read by a single musculoskeletal radiologist and categorized as “intact,” “torn,” or “unclear.” Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis Shoulder (WOOS) index at these same time points.ResultsThe final study group consisted of 35 procedures in 33 patients (19 females and 14 males, mean age 66 ± 9 years). Three patients had postoperative subscapularis failures that were confirmed in the operating room at the time of repair. Of 24 sonographs categorized as “unclear” in the postoperative period, the majority (n = 12, 50%) were taken at 1 week. Compared to preoperative scores, patients had lower WOOS scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P < .001). Correlation analysis did not reveal an association between the ultrasound readings and the WOOS scores postoperatively.ConclusionThe utility of ultrasound examination of the subscapularis tendon following shoulder arthroplasty is limited by timing and may be most useful when used by the physician within clinical context. Significant improvement was noted in disease-specific quality-of-life scores regardless of the status of the subscapularis tendon as read on ultrasound.

P4724Lung ultrasound B-Lines readings by medical residents: the need of training and quality control

P4724Lung ultrasound B-Lines readings by medical residents: the need of training and quality control

Handheld ultrasound to avert maternal and neonatal deaths in 2 regions of the Philippines: an iBuntis\xae intervention study

BackgroundThe major causes of maternal and neonatal mortality in the Philippines are hemorrhages and obstructed labor due to placental implantation abnormalities (PIAs), twin pregnancies and fetal malpresentations. All of which are all easily detected by ultrasound. However, women in rural areas and low-income groups do not have access to ultrasound during their prenatal care. We aimed to provide additional evidence on the benefits of handheld ultrasound (HU) for screening pregnancy related abnormalities in order to avert maternal and neonatal deaths.MethodsUsing a HU, we trained community healthcare workers (CHWs) to identify 5 obstetrical conditions: fetal viability and number, placental localization, amniotic fluid volume (AFV) and fetal presentation. Women, between 20th and 24th weeks age of gestation from 2 regions of the Philippines, were scanned using the HU and the GE Logic 5 Premium ultrasound machine for validation. Maternal and neonatal deaths averted were estimated as health outcome measures of the study.ResultsFour hundred sixty women were scanned of which 146 (31.7%) showed abnormal ultrasound readings consisting of 17 PIAs, 123 fetal malpresentation, 3 twins and 3 AFV abnormalities. The use of HU could have possibly averted 29 (6.3%) maternal deaths and 14.6% neonatal deaths at the time of delivery. Thirty-two out of the 460 women (~7%) delivered at home and 93% in hospitals or birthing facilities/lying–in centers. We observed approximately 95% agreement between the ultrasound readings of the trainees and the trainers, and 99% agreement between the readings made from the HU with the validation machine.ConclusionCHWs could be trained in the use of HU for scanning 5 obstetrical parameters. Early detection of abnormalities in these 5 obstetrical parameters can lead to early referral to facilities that are better equipped to manage obstetrical emergencies. Prenatal ultrasound can be an excellent point of care test for screening pregnant women at risk for possible complications and even death during labor and delivery.Trial registrationThai Clinical Trial Registry identification number TCTR20171128004, retrospectively registered November 28, 2017.

Centralized and Local Color Doppler Ultrasound Reading Agreement for Diagnosis of the Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background:An impaired cerebrospinal venous drainage was postulated to be a cofactor in the multifactorial path-ogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by abnormalities of the main extracranial cerebrospinal venous outflow routes, which can be detected by color Doppler Ultrasound (CDUS) using 5 venous hemodynamic (VH) criteria. Discrepant results between different investigators were reported in the past, therefore the usefulness and applicability of the CCSVI CDUS-based diagnosis in clinical research and practice has been questioned.The reproducibility of proposed criteria for CCSVI detection depends on the blinding, training level, skills of the operator and interpretation of VH criteria.Objectives:To assess agreement between centralized and local reading of CDUS examination for diagnosis of CCSVI in trained Doppler sonologists.Methods: This study was performed in 78 MS patients and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Extracranial and transcranial CDUS venous hemodynamic assessment was conducted, according to International Society of Neurovascu-lar Disease (ISNVD) recommended criteria, by a single CCSVI-trained expert sonologist blinded to the subject disease sta-tus. After the local Doppler sonologist performed the investigation, all images and video clips of the CDUS examination were sent to the centralized reading center, where a second blinded reading was performed by two CCSVI-trained expert sonologists. Statistical analyses were performed comparing accuracy of CCSVI diagnosis (≥2 VH criteria) and each of the 5 individual VH criteria using Cohen kappa statistic, along with positive/negative agreement and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:Diagnosis of CCSVI was obtained in 59.7% of local and 64.3% centralized readers (Kappa, 0.67, p<0.001). Simi-lar Kappa values were obtained for CCSVI diagnosis and individual CCSVI criteria in both MS patients and HCs. The high-est Kappa between local and centralized readers was observed for VH criteria 5 (0.93) followed by VH criteria 4 (0.70), VH criteria 1 (0.66), VH criteria 2 (0.64) and VH criteria 3 (0.58). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for CCSVI diagnosis were 82.7% and 86,7%, respectively with an OR of 31.1 (95% CI 11.1-87.5, p<0.001). The highest agreement between local and centralized readers was observed for VH criteria 4 (OR 98.7, 95% CI 17.1-569.9, p<0.001) with 72.7% PPV and 97.3% NPV followed by VH criteria 5 (53, 95% CI 13.4-209.2, p<0.001) with 98.1% PPV and 100% NPV value.Conclusion:Centralized reading of the CDUS examination for the diagnosis of CCSVI is feasible with high accuracy in CCSVI-trained Doppler sonologists. The most reproducible VH criteria between local and centralized readers were VH cri-teria 4 and 5.

Ultrasound Markers of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cognition: The Northern Manhattan Study.

Background and Purpose—Ultrasound markers of carotid atherosclerosis may be related to cognitive status. We hypothesized that individuals with greater carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque burden would exhibit worse cognition.Methods—One thousand one hundred sixty-six stroke-free participants from the NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study) underwent carotid ultrasound and neuropsychological examination. Among them, 826 underwent a second neuropsychological examination an average of 5 years later. cIMT and plaque were assessed by a standardized B-mode ultrasound imaging and reading protocol. We used multivariable linear regression to examine cIMT, carotid plaque presence, and carotid plaque area as correlates of domain-specific neuropsychological Z scores cross-sectionally and over time. We also investigated possible effect modification by APOE ε4 allele, age, and race/ethnicity.Results—Participants had a mean (SD) age of 70 (9) years and were 60% women, 66% Hispanic, 15% white, and 18% black. Those with greater cIMT exhibited worse episodic memory after adjustment for demographics and vascular risk factors (β=−0.60; P=0.04). APOE ε4 carriers with greater cIMT exhibited worse episodic memory (β=−1.31; P=0.04), semantic memory (β=−1.45; P=0.01), and processing speed (β=−1.21; P=0.03). Participants with greater cIMT at baseline did not exhibit significantly greater cognitive decline after adjustment. APOE ε4noncarriers with greater cIMT exhibited greater declines in executive function (β=−0.98; P=0.06). Carotid plaque burden was not significantly associated with cognition at baseline or over time.Conclusions—Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was associated with worse cognition among those at higher risk for Alzheimer disease. Interventions targeting early stages of atherosclerosis may modify cognitive aging.

Implementation of ultrasound bladder volume scanning for patients receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy to the cervix or endometrium: clinical experiences from a United Kingdom radiotherapy department

AbstractBackground and purposeAchieving daily consistent bladder volume is acknowledged as challenging for patients undergoing radiotherapy to the cervix or endometrium. We investigated if use of an ultrasound bladder volume scanner (BioCon-700) improves bladder reproducibility when used during an active volume correction protocol.Materials and methodsDuring our method-comparison study, prospectively recruited patients (n=20) followed a fluid-loading protocol to achieve acceptable bladder volume. Bladder ultrasound was performed daily to verify planned volume, with patients actively correcting volumes outside a planned range up to a maximum of three times. Using the Bland–Altman method, we compared mean ultrasound readings (USMean) with mean cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes (CBCTMean). We also conducted staff focus groups exploring issues encountered during implementation of bladder scanning.ResultsComparing USMean with CBCTMean produced a mean of the differences −10±49·92 mL (1 SD), demonstrating that bladder volume scanning is equivalent to our standard measure for the stated confidence levels. The cohort mean bladder volume decrease from week 1 to 5 was only 8·4%. Mean USMean was 323 mL, mean CBCTMean was 313 mL. Staff experience with the scanner overall was positive.ConclusionsThe BioCon-700 is suitable for the purpose of daily pre-treatment volume verification, facilitating daily assessment and modification of bladder volume, resulting in reproducible treatment volumes.

Non-invasive evaluation of facial crestal bone with ultrasonography

PurposeFacial crestal bone level and dimension determine function and esthetics of dentition and dental implants. We have previously demonstrated that ultrasound can identify bony and soft tissue structures in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using ultrasound to measure facial crestal bone level and thickness.Materials and methodsA commercially available medical ultrasound scanner, paired with a 14 MHz imaging probe was used to scan dental and periodontal tissues at the mid-facial site of each tooth on 6 fresh cadavers. The alveolar crest level in relation to the cemento-enamel junction and its thickness on ultrasound images were measured and compared to those on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and/or direct measurements on a total of 144 teeth.ResultsThe mean crestal bone level measured by means of ultrasound, CBCT and direct measures was 2.66 ± 0.86 mm, 2.51 ± 0.82 mm, and 2.71 ± 1.04 mm, respectively. The mean crestal bone thickness was 0.71 ± 0.44 mm and 0.74 ± 0.34 mm, measured by means of ultrasound and CBCT, respectively. The correlations of the ultrasound readings to the other two methods were between 0.78 and 0.88. The mean absolute differences in crestal bone height and thickness between ultrasound and CBCT were 0.09 mm (-1.20 to 1.00 mm, p = 0.06) and 0.03 mm (-0.48 to 0.54 mm, p = 0.03), respectively.ConclusionUltrasound was as accurate in determining alveolar bone level and its thickness as CBCT and direct measurements. Clinical trials will be required to further validate this non-ionizing and non-invasive method for determining facial crestal bone position and dimension.

Specific features of joint ultrasound study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

To study the specific features of joint ultrasound readings in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to its duration. A total of 162 patients (mean age, 43.54±11.1 years) with a mean RA duration of 3.22±3.13 years were examined. Gray-scale ultrasound study (USS) of hand and ankle joints was performed using color Doppler energy imaging. Group 1 included 78 patients with a RA duration of less than 2 years; Group 2 consisted of 84 patients with a RA duration of more than 2 years. Joint USS diagnosed osteochondral erosions twice more frequently than conventional radiography. 82% of the patients with RA were found to have synovitis; 77% had thickening of the synovial membrane (SM) with hypervascularization, the vascularization intensity scores of 2-3 being predominant; and 54% had tenosynovitis of the carpal extensor tendon. Effusion into the joint cavity, SM hypervascularization scores of 2-3, and tenosynovitis were most common in Group 1. SM thickening and osteochondral erosions were prevalent in Group 2. Joint USS revealed that angiogenesis and inflammation were dominant in the patients with a RA duration of less than 2 years and the proliferative-destructive processes were prevalent in those with a RA duration of more than 2 years. Identifying the predominance of pathophysiological processes in each specific patient with RA will be able to individualize therapy and to improve the prognosis of the disease.

Quality survey on efficacy of carboxytherapy for localized lipolysis.

A survey was conducted to ascertain the efficacy of carboxytherapy for localized lipolysis. Patients on physical, dietary, or drug concurrent therapy were excluded. Paired measurements (initial versus 8th course) between treated (right) and untreated (left) sides were compared for braline, upper arm, abdomen, and thigh. Ten women, age range 23-37 years, were reviewed. Weight and body mass index were unchanged. Significant reductions (P < 0.01) were obtained for braline and abdominal caliper and ultrasound measurements. Mean (SD) decreases in caliper braline and abdomen measurements were 6.9 (5.9) and 4.3 (3.0) mm, respectively. Mean (SD) changes in ultrasound abdominal readings were -6.6 (3.8), -7.4 (3.2), and -6.8 (3.5) mm for upper, lower, and flank, respectively. Limb girth measurements were significant for the thigh (-1.3 [0.8] mm) but not for the upper limb. These results are in agreement with those reported originally and demonstrate that carboxytherapy is locally effective in reduction of subcutaneous fat.

Midterm Patency After Femoropopliteal Interventions

Purpose: To describe and compare primary patency rates in patients undergoing endovascular femoropopliteal interventions with standard or interwoven nitinol stents or drug-coated balloons. Methods: A cohort of 1292 patients was treated for symptomatic femoropopliteal occlusive disease classified as Rutherford category ≥1 at a large vascular center between June 2006 and August 2013 using either standard nitinol stents (SNS; n=432), interwoven nitinol stents (INS; n=470), or drug-coated balloons (DCB; n=390). Primary patency rates were assessed by ultrasound or angiographic readings for over 3 years of follow-up. Propensity score–matched pairs were formed to compare each treatment with another using survival analysis. Results: Survival curves of primary patency favored INS compared with SNS in 368 propensity score–matched pairs (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 86.6%, 76.4%, and 68.9%, respectively, in the INS group vs 60.5%, 46.1%, and 42.1%, respectively, in the SNS group. No significant difference (p=0.232) was seen for the comparison of SNS vs DCB in 284 matched pairs over long-term follow-up (primary patency estimates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 79.8%, 53.8%, and 32.9%, respectively, in the DCB group vs 60.5%, 44.8%, and 40.3%, respectively, in the SNS group). Survival curves of primary patency favored INS over DCB in 254 matched pairs (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 79.0%, 51.2%, and 30.1%, respectively, in the DCB group vs 89.0%, 76.9%, and 66.2%, respectively, in the INS group. Conclusion: Propensity score–based analysis of primary patency suggests profound differences in restenosis rates between various treatment modalities for femoropopliteal disease for over 3 years of follow-up.

Lenticulostriate vasculopathy in extremely low gestational age newborns: Inter-rater variability of cranial ultrasound readings, antecedents and postnatal characteristics

Although lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV) was first detected on a cranial ultrasound nearly 30 years ago, its clinical implications and significance remain unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of cranial ultrasound readings of LSV, and to explore relationships with potential antecedents and developmental correlates in extremely low gestational age newborns. Of the 1506 infants enrolled during the years 2002-2004, 1450 had at least one set of ultrasound scans evaluated for LSV and 939 had all three sets. To evaluate the inter-rater agreement for identifying LSV, we compared readings from two independent radiologists on days 1-4, 5-14, and on or after day 15. We then evaluated the relationships between LSV and maternal, antenatal, and postnatal characteristics. Our results showed that kappa values were 0.18, 0.33, and 0.36 on days 1-4, days 5-14, and day 15 or greater. Infants who were identified as LSV positive by two readers had higher Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (an illness severity indicator), higher rates of tracheal infection and bacteremia, lower partial pressure of arterial oxygen and pH levels on 2 of the first 3 postnatal days, and they were more likely to have a lower psycho-motor development index at age 2 years. Positive agreement on the presence of LSV was low, as was the kappa value, an index of inter-rater reliability. Infants with high illness severity scores and their correlates were at increased risk of developing LSV, while those who develop LSV appear to be at increased risk of motor dysfunction.

SU‐E‐P‐29: Testing Display Monitors for GSDF Compliance ‐ a Practical Approach

Purpose:To develop a simple technique for testing display monitors for compliance with the DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF), in accordance with the recommendations of AAPM Task Group 18.Methods:We have developed a spreadsheet that can be used to compare both the luminance response and contrast response of a display to the GSDF, using luminance measurements of the SMPTE test pattern. The contrast response compares the slope of the GSDF j‐index as a function of pixel value to that of the GSDF function, and should lie within the range 0.85 to 1.15.Results:We present the results of measurements both of primary diagnostic displays and of ultrasound and acquisition workstations, all at a tertiary care hospital. The Barco displays in the radiographic reading rooms are GSDF compliant or nearly so, while those in the ultrasound reading rooms and at the acquisition workstations generally show significantly higher contrast at low luminance levels than they would if GSDF compliant, and lower contrast at high luminance levels.Conclusion:The spreadsheet that we developed allows a simple comparison of measured display contrast response to the GSDF. Although we used the SMPTE pattern, the same technique could be used with other grayscale patterns, such as TG18‐QC and TG18‐PQC.

Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement using bedside ultrasound: Is it accurate?

Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement using bedside ultrasound: Is it accurate?

DETERMINATION OF VALIDITY OF CORNEAL THICKNESS MEASUREMENT BETWEEN ULTRASOUND PACHYMETRY (US), SCHEIMPFLUG IMAGING (PENTACAM, OCULUS) AND SCANNING-SLIT TOPOGRAPHY (ORBSCAN II, BAUSCH & LOMB) IN HYPEROPIC EYES AFTER LASEK SURGERY

Background and Aim: To determine the validity in central corneal thickness (CCT) peripheral corneal thickness (PCT) measured by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam, Oculus) and scanning-slit topography (ORBSCAN II, Bausch & Lomb) with that by gold standard method of ultrasound (US) in Hyperopic eyes after LASEK surgery . Materials and Methods: the present study which was based on descriptive and analytic census that carried out in hyperopic patients who undergone LASEK eye surgery in Farabi eye hospital in 2012 and collection of samples lasted for 9 months. The subjects were inspect by ultrasound (US), Scheimpflug imaging ( Pentacam ,Oculus) and scanning-slit topography (ORBSCAN II, Bausch & Lomb) .statistical analysis of collected data was performed using SPSS software version 18 and T-2test method. Results: CT and PCT were evaluated in 28 eyes. CCT measured by Orbscan II had good correlation with those measured by ultrasound pachymetry(r=0.083 and p<0.05) also Orbscan II had good correlation in CCT measurement with Pentacam HR (p<0.05 and r=0.072).PCT measured by Pentacam HR had good correlation with those ultrasound pachymetry readings and there is no considerable discrepancy between two method. Orbscan II had good correlation in superior, inferior and temporal corneal thickness but there was considerable discrepancy in nasal corneal thickness measured by Orbscan II with those of ultrasound pachymetry (sig=0.01, t=-2.74, p<0.05). Conclusion: Pentacam HR and ORBSCAN II showed good correlation with US in CCT measurement but in PCT measurement Pentacam HR had better correlation comparing with ORBSCAN II for hyperopic patient after LASEK refractive surgery Key Words: hyperopia, Pentacam HR, ORBSCAN, LASEK, Ultrasound