To compare ultrasonographic and histopathological measurements of tumor size in enucleated eyes with choroidal melanoma and to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor dimensions and morphological characteristics in a Serbian cohort. This retrospective study included 59 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed choroidal melanoma who underwent enucleation at the University Eye Hospital, Clinical Centre of Serbia. All ultrasonographic examinations, surgical procedures, and histopathological assessments were performed by single dedicated subspecialists. Preoperative B-scan ultrasonography was used to measure tumor base diameter and thickness, which were compared with postoperative macroscopic histopathological dimensions using paired statistical tests, Bland-Altman analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Survival outcomes were assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlations and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year, with some monitored for up to 5 years. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The mean ultrasonographic base diameter and thickness were 14.63 ± 3.98 and 10.34 ± 3.54 mm, respectively, compared with 18.04 ± 6.54 and 10.55 ± 3.72 mm on pathology. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated good agreement for tumor thickness (mean difference 0.2 mm; limits of agreement -5.5 to +5.5 mm) and acceptable agreement for base diameter (mean difference 3.4 mm; limits -8.2 to +15.1 mm). ICC indicated moderate agreement for base diameter (0.501) and excellent agreement for thickness (0.843). Pathological thickness correlated significantly with shorter metastasis-free survival ( r = -0.293, P = 0.024). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly poorer survival for patients with T3-T4 tumors. Ultrasonography provides a reliable preoperative estimation of choroidal melanoma size, particularly for tumor thickness, although histopathology remains essential for prognostication. Survival patterns in this cohort align with international data, highlighting the relevance of tumor thickness and morphology and emphasizing the value of data from an underrepresented region.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the uterine sliding sign in routine pelvic ultrasound examinations for improving the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted at Mayo Clinic's Florida and Arizona campuses, including 200 premenopausal and perimenopausal women with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, or suspected endometriosis. Sonographers performed a uterine sliding maneuver during transvaginal ultrasound, and the acquisition times were recorded. Sonographer experience and the time required to perform the sliding sign were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The median acquisition time for the uterine sliding sign was 26 seconds, with no statistically significant difference based on sonographer experience. The addition of this maneuver extended the ultrasound examination by <1 minute on average, regardless of sonographer experience level. Incorporating the uterine sliding sign into routine pelvic ultrasound protocols is a quick and efficient method that enhances the detection of deep endometriosis, potentially reducing the significant diagnostic delay associated with endometriosis. This study supports the feasibility and minimal time impact of implementing the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) recommendations for augmented pelvic ultrasound in clinical practice.

Currently, prostate calculi are a common disease that is often encountered by urologists in their daily practice. In most cases, urologists do not attach clinical importance to prostate stones, detecting them accidentally during ultrasound examination against the background of pathologies such as prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis or vesiculitis. Performing surgical intervention in young patients is a complex task, the consequences of which can have a negative impact on the reproductive function of men. In the medical literature, only isolated cases of operations for prostate stones are described. This article presents a clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient who was found to have multiple large calculi of the prostate gland. Keywords: Transurethral laser lithotripsy, prostate stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis.

Ultrasound-guided HUC-MSCs transplantation alleviates neuropathic pain in CCI rats: a mechanistic study based on microglia/macrophage polarization and the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Acoustic guide pad: a simple innovation that dramatically reduces the risk of misdiagnosis in respiratory muscle ultrasound examinations.

To determine the international availability of practice guidelines, training in and method used for the reprocessing of endocavity (EC) ultrasound transducers post-EC scan. A series of six questions were developed via Survey Monkey relating to the use of EC transducers. Questions included country of practice and type of EC ultrasounds performed, use of transducer covers for EC ultrasound examinations, availability of infection prevention guidelines, availability of training in the reprocessing of ultrasound EC transducers, and type of transducer reprocessing used. The anonymous survey was launched in May 2024 and was open for 6 mo via the WFUMB website. There were 1436 respondents from 105 countries, with 37% of respondents having access to guidelines for infection prevention and control (IPC) and 46% receiving training in reprocessing EC transducers post-use. High-level disinfection was the preferred reprocessing method for 40% of respondents. This survey was an important adjunct to the previous WFUMB IPC survey conducted in 2016, which revealed significant differences in IPC practices throughout the world. The results of this new survey reflect that, internationally, many ultrasound users still do not have access to infection prevention guidelines, nor training in the use of their chosen transducer cleaning/disinfection methods. Inadequate reprocessing of EC ultrasound transducers increases the possibility of transmission of bacteria and viruses, such as human papillomavirus and HIV, and puts patient safety at risk.

Pelvic floor symptoms, such as vaginal bulge and stress urinary incontinence, are closely linked to vaginal delivery, especially assisted vaginal delivery. In addition, levator ani muscle avulsion, which may occur during vaginal delivery, increases the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction. However, the isolated effect of forceps or vacuum delivery in women with and without avulsion remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether the presence of vaginal bulge symptoms and urinary incontinence 1 year after delivery differed between different vaginal delivery modes, accounting for levator ani muscle avulsion. In addition, this study aimed to assess the overall presence and bother of pelvic floor dysfunction across different delivery modes. This was a cross-sectional analysis of the Bergen Birth Study, a prospective observational cohort study comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes after forceps, vacuum, and spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Primiparous women with a singleton vaginal delivery at term between June 2021 and April 2023 were eligible. Exposure was defined as the delivery mode (spontaneous vaginal, vacuum, or forceps delivery). The women later underwent a transperineal ultrasound examination to assess levator ani muscle avulsion and answered the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 for grading of pelvic floor symptoms 9 to 12 months after delivery. The primary outcomes were the presence of vaginal bulge symptoms, stress urinary incontinence, and urge urinary incontinence on the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 questionnaire, with the degree of bother graded as "somewhat" or higher. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the odds of vaginal bulge symptoms, stress urinary incontinence, and urge urinary incontinence between different modes of delivery. Age, body mass index, and self-reported prepregnancy urinary dysfunction were adjusted for as potential confounders. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 sum score between different delivery modes. In this study, 699 women were available for analysis, 238 had forceps delivery, 238 had vacuum delivery, and 223 had spontaneous vaginal delivery. Moreover, 142 of 699 women (20.3%) had levator ani muscle avulsion. Vaginal bulge symptoms were present in 10 (4.5%), 19 (8.0%), and 37 (15.6%) women after spontaneous, vacuum-assisted, and forceps-assisted deliveries, respectively. Women who underwent forceps delivery had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.56-7.14) of reporting bulge symptoms 1 year after delivery compared with those who underwent spontaneous delivery and an adjusted odds ratio of 1.87 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.49) compared with those who underwent vacuum delivery. In contrast, vacuum delivery was not associated with bulge symptoms compared with spontaneous delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 1.74 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-4.02]). In the subgroup analysis of women with intact levator ani muscle, the difference between forceps delivery and vacuum delivery was not significant (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% confidence interval, 0.74-3.47]). No association was found between mode of delivery and stress or urge urinary incontinence. Levator ani muscle avulsion was associated with more bulge symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 3.58 [95% confidence interval, 2.06-6.18]) and urge urinary incontinence (adjusted odds ratio, 2.00 [95% confidence interval, 1.11-3.51]). The median Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 score was statistically higher in the forceps delivery group than in the vacuum delivery and spontaneous vaginal delivery groups (25.0 in the forceps delivery group vs 18.2 in the vacuum delivery group [P=.03] and 25.0 in the forceps delivery group vs 16.7 in the spontaneous vaginal delivery group [P=.02]). Forceps delivery increased the odds of vaginal bulge symptoms 1 year after delivery compared with both vacuum and spontaneous vaginal deliveries. In women with no levator ani muscle avulsion, no difference was observed between the instruments. A higher Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 score indicates greater symptom burden after forceps delivery, which seems to be mediated by the presence of levator ani muscle avulsion.

Ultrasound texture analysis of primary tumor for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with clinical T1-T2 breast cancer.

Thrombotic occlusions in the setting of stroke, pulmonary embolism and the peripheral vasculature are increasingly being treated with catheter-based aspiration approaches. Unfortunately, aspiration is frequently unsuccessful in extracting more challenging blood clots, which can become corked in the distal tip. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using histotripsy to mechanically degrade thrombus within the lumen of a hollow cylindrical transducer (HCT), with a view to ultimately using this approach to improve aspiration thrombectomy procedures. Retracted porcine blood clots were situated within the lumen of a radially polarized HCT (2.5/3.3 mm inner/outer diameter, 2.5 mm length, PZT). The HCT was stimulated in thickness mode (6.1 MHz) as a function of pulse length (10, 20 and 100 µs), pulse repetition frequency (100, 500 and 1000 Hz) and treatment time (0.1-10.0 seconds). High-frequency ultrasound examination was used to monitor bubble clouds and lesion formation during treatments (2-D) and quantify post-treatment lesion volumes (3-D). Bisected treated clots confirmed the formation of liquified zones. Lesions could form within 0.1 seconds along the central axis of the transducer and then grow in diameter and length with increasing treatment time. The lesion volume was highly dependent on the exposure scheme (n = 5/group), with the largest volume associated with the 10 µs pulse length 1000 Hz pulse repetition frequency scheme. Collectively, these results support the feasibility of performing histotripsy on clots situated within an HCT compatible with mounting in the tip of an aspiration format catheter.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with acoustic shadowing without a high-echo signal is occasionally encountered in clinical practice. However, the pathophysiology underlying such findings has not been investigated. We aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of acoustic shadowing without a high-echo signal in PTMC. Nine PTMC nodules with acoustic shadowing but no high-echo signal and 76 PTMC nodules without acoustic shadowing or high-echo signal were included. Nodules were analyzed using ultrasound, aspiration cytology, and histological examination. Punctate echogenic foci were not observed in PTMC nodules with acoustic shadowing but no high-echo signals. The frequency (11.1%) of psammoma bodies in PTMC nodules with acoustic shadowing was lower than that in nodules without acoustic shadowing (31.6%); however, the difference was not significant. Extensive hyalinization was observed in 66.7% and 3.9% of PTMC nodules with and without acoustic shadowing, respectively (p < 0.001). The distributions of acoustic shadowing and hyalinized stroma were correlated. Acoustic shadowing without a high-echo signal is caused not by calcification but rather by extensive hyalinization. Our results may help refine the sonographic criteria for PTMC and provide a novel imaging marker for identifying indolent tumors, thereby supporting active surveillance strategies and potentially reducing overtreatment.

Diabetes mellitus may induce recognizable changes in the placenta and may lead to adverse obstetric outcomes. Placental examination may identify these changes. To compare ultrasonographic and histo-morphological changes in the placentae of diabetic with normo-glycaemic women, as well as determine and compare the obstetric outcomes of the women. This was a case-control study of 65 pregnant diabetic women matched with 65 non-diabetic pregnant women from 34 weeks to 40 weeks' gestation. All the participants had ultrasound scanning (USS) for placenta changes done within the last seven days of delivery and histo-morphological placental examination postpartum. Obstetric outcomes and relationship between ultrasonographic and histo-morpholgical changes were also determined. The diabetics compared to non-diabetic had significantly higher mean ultrasonographic placental weight (610.0 ± 81.54 versus 513.2 ± 74.25, p < 0.001), volume (1001.5 ± 359.80 versus 721.7 ± 186.16, p < 0.001), diameter (14.6 ± 2.20 versus 13.7 ± 2.08, p = 0.015), central thickness (4.8 ± 1.18 versus 4.2 ± 1.34, p = 0.015), umbilical cord coiling index (0.6 ± 0.23 versus 0.3 ± 0.13, p < 0.001), vascularisation index (0.6 ± 0.09 versus 0.5 ± 0.08, p < 0.001), flow index (1.0 ± 0.30 versus 0.8 ± 0.20, p < 0.001) and vascularisation-flow (2.6 ± 0.61 versus 2.1 ± 0.38, p < 0.001) index. Histomorphology showed diabetics had significantly higher placental weight (764.9 ± 159.26 versus 570.0 ± 92.73, p < 0.001), volume (737.7 ± 179.85 versus 536.9 ± 83.00, p < 0.001), diameter (19.6 ± 1.75 versus 18.3 ± 2.05, p < 0.001), central thickness (2.9 ± 0.65 versus 2.4 ± 0.58, p < 0.001), villous immaturity, villous edema, chorangiosis, fibrinoid necrosis and stromal fibrosis. The diabetics were also significantly more associated with caesarean deliveries, fetal macrosomia, still births, poor first minute Apgar score, hypoglycaemia at birth, respiratory distress syndrome and SCBU admissions compared to non-diabetics. In both diabetics and non-diabetics, there was a significant relationship between the placental weight (P = 0.002), volume (P = < 0.001), diameter (P = 0.02) and calcifications (P = < 0.001) compared with the actual histomorphological assessment. Placental changes and adverse obstetric outcomes occurred more significantly in the diabetic group. Some of the histo-morphological and ultrasonographic changes were relatable. Sonographic placental examination can, therefore, be useful in the management of diabetes in pregnancy.

Gastrointestinal ultrasound is a well-established method for diagnosing and monitoring Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether wall layer data measured on gastrointestinal ultrasound could predict endoscopic activity in CD. 64 CD patients underwent a gastrointestinal ultrasound examination and endoscopy ± 2 weeks apart in a single-center prospective study. Bowel wall thickness and the thickness of individual wall layers corresponding to the mucosa, submucosa and the proper muscle wall were measured and compared with the simple endoscopic score of Crohn's disease (SES-CD) in the most affected bowel segment where SES-CD >2 was defined as activity. There was increased absolute thickness of the mucosa (1.8 versus 1.1mm, p =0.001), submucosa (2.8 versus 1.2mm, p <0.001), and proper muscle (1.6 versus 1.1mm, p =0.006) in patients with endoscopic activity. After an ROC analysis, Youden's index suggested a 1.8 mm cut-off for submucosal thickness and disease activity resulting in a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 78.3%, and accuracy of 84.9%. In contrast, a bowel wall thickness of 3 mm had a sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity of 52.0%, and accuracy of 79.0%. The submucosa was also relatively thicker (0.45 versus 0.36, p=0.008), while the proper muscle was relatively thinner (0.25 versus 0.34, p=0.001) in endoscopic activity. Patients with Crohn's disease and endoscopic activity had an increased thickness of all bowel wall layers in affected areas. Measurements of the submucosa may be used to assess disease activity with results similar to bowel wall thickness.

Indocyanine green (ICG) test is a popular and widely implied assessment of hepatic functional reserve (HFR) due to its safety and efficiency. However, as the application of ICG expanded, an exceedingly rare disorder, the constitutional ICG excretory defect (CIED), gradually emerged. CIED is considered as a harmless dye excretory defect, which features remarkable ICG plasma retention (plasma ICG 15-min retention rate is higher than 50%) without any severe liver impairments. Previous investigations revealed that it has no particular symptoms and it is not a contraindication of surgical treatments. The deficiency of the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 is affirmed to be the underlying cause of CIED. It is of great significance to identify this disorder from other reasons elevating ICG-R15 and provide such patients with effective and safe treatments. The utility of 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy, Child-Pugh and ALBI scores, and liver biopsy in identification and supplementary HFR assessment in CIED has been affirmed. Moreover, other methods based on radioactive tracers, serum biomarkers and imaging examinations have potential. Based on existing evidence, we proposed a clinical strategy that prioritizes ALBI and Child-Pugh scores, as well as imaging examinations, such as computerized tomography and ultrasound examinations, for the initial identification of CIED. Thereafter, 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy or biopsy is used to verify CIED and assess HFR. In conclusion, we comprehensively reviewed the characteristics, mechanisms and coping strategies of CIED, aiming to provide updated insights of this disorder.

Mesenteric cystic lymphangiomas are benign tumors, considered surgical rarities. They can develop from the duodenum to the rectum, on the entire mesentery surface. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult because they can mimic a wide range of tumors. The treatment of choice is surgery and diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. A 57-year-old male patient was admitted to the 2nd Surgery Clinic from Târgu Mureş, after a control ultrasonography examination incidentally highlighted a tumor mass at the mesenteric level and the growth of the tumor volume was observed. The preoperative CT scan presented a cystic mass adjacent to the jejunal loops, at a distance of 65 mm from the Treitz angle, measuring 75 × 100 × 92 mm with a volume of 430.24 cm3. During surgery total enucleation of the mesenteric cyst was performed. The cystic wall presented yellowish color and the fluid content had a milky white appearance. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. The immunohistochemical profile presented positive reaction of endothelial cells with CD34, CD31, podoplanin, and negative reaction with CK AE1/AE3 and CK7. The patient was discharged after 7 days following the surgical intervention. No recurrence was highlighted during the 12 months of follow-up. In most cases, the diagnosis of mesenteric cystic lymphangioma is made incidentally. During imaging investigations, they can mimic multiple malignant lesions. The gold standard of treatment is radical resection which ensures also recurrence prevention and a good prognosis. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(20): 798-804.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism is a common clinical problem. Its diagnosis in patients who have sustained trauma can be difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and the lack of characteristic findings on imaging studies. Thrombosis of the intramuscular veins of the lower leg is an uncommon manifestation of thrombotic disease, and due to its location and difficult diagnosis, it remains an underestimated and overlooked cause of painful lower limb edema. Case description: A 36-year-old man who suffered a knee injury while skiing presented with persistent swelling of the knee and shin lasting three weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound examination revealed no significant pathology, intra-articular damage, cartilaginous structures. An initial assessment of the venous system revealed no significant changes in the popliteal fossa and no signs of thrombosis. Due to increasing pain, tenderness and persistent swelling, the diagnosis was expanded to include a comprehensive ultrasound examination of the lower limb. Examination of the intramuscular veins revealed extensive thrombosis of the soleal and gastrocnemius veins, with preserved patency of the larger superficial and deep venous vessels. Conclusions: The presented case highlights the importance of intramuscular veins as the starting point for thromboembolic disease, which carries a risk of serious complications. Assessment of intramuscular veins is essential in the diagnosis of patients with persistent lower limb edema after trauma. A limited or cursory examination of the venous system may lead to delayed diagnosis and the development of complications. A comprehensive evaluation of the superficial and deep venous system, including intramuscular veins, should be standard practice in trauma patients.

Children with psoriasis can develop juvenile psoriatic arthritis. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a helpful imaging modality in the early recognition of joint inflammation. This pilot study aims to describe clinical and subclinical joint and nail abnormalities in children with psoriasis. Children with psoriasis and healthy controls underwent ultrasound examination of various joints, entheses, and nails. Using a standard acquisition protocol, images were obtained in both B-mode and PD-mode. Differences between psoriasis and control groups were examined. Fifteen psoriasis patients who were not on systemic therapy and did not have clinical signs of arthritis and thirteen age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. While patients with psoriasis demonstrated subclinical synovitis in the finger, knee, and ankle joints more frequently than the control group (p = 0.047), no statistically significant difference was observed in the comparison of each specific joint. PD positivity was detected at the entheses in two patients with psoriasis and at three entheseal sites of two healthy children. Nail ultrasound examination demonstrated significantly thicker nail beds (1.6 vs. 1.4mm, p < 0.001) and more frequent abnormal nail structure (70% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.001) in the psoriasis group compared to control group while the thickness of the nail plate and nail matrix were similar. Type II nail morphology changes were the most frequently detected type according to the Wortsman classification. Positive PD-mode findings in the nail bed and nail matrix were more common in the control group (both p < 0.001). Among the psoriasis cohort, nails with abnormal exam findings had significantly thicker nail plate (0.4 vs. 0.35mm, p = 0.003) and nail bed (1.8 vs. 1.6mm, p = 0.006) measurements compared to nails with normal examination. Ultrasound is a useful tool for evaluating inflammatory joint and nail findings that may help delineate subclinical joint inflammation in children with psoriasis.

Thyroid nodules are rare in children but carry a markedly higher risk of malignancy compared to adults (20%-26% vs. 5%). Hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules are exceptionally uncommon in the pediatric population and are typically benign. We describe a rare case of a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule in a prepubertal child that was ultimately diagnosed as an angioinvasive encapsulated follicular carcinoma, arising in the context of the WHO entity 'follicular adenoma showing papillary architecture'. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of published pediatric cases of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules with malignant histology. A 12-year-old boy presented with a left-sided thyroid nodule detected on ultrasound after cervical swelling. Laboratory evaluation revealed suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), with free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) within the reference range. Serial ultrasound examinations revealed a progressively enlarging mildly hypoechoic nodule, autonomously functioning on thyroid scintigraphy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was classified as TIR2. Surgical excision showed a follicular-patterned neoplasm showing papillary features, focal capsular and vascular invasion and no lymph node metastases. Comprehensive molecular analysis identified a pathogenic somatic variant in the GNAS gene, whereas no alterations were detected in TSHR, BRAF, RAS genes, the TERT promoter, or DICER1. This case highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation in pediatric thyroid nodules, particularly when hyperfunction coexists with indeterminate or suspicious imaging features. Follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms showing papillary architecture pose diagnostic challenges in children, and molecular analysis may assist risk stratification and elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms linking autonomous function and malignant transformation.

Previous studies showed a probable association of dietary variables with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), as a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the global diet quality score (GDQS) and macronutrient intakes with CIMT values in adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on 941 young adults that were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was evaluated using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. CIMT was measured using an ultrasound examination. Multivariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression was used to determine the association of the GDQS and macronutrient intakes with CIMT. High CIMT was defined as CIMT ≥ 90th percentile values for age and sex derived from this study. The mean age of participants was 28.2 ± 4.25 years (51% men). The GDQS and its categories did not have a significant inverse association with CIMT (β = 0.001, P = 0.23), while we observed a significant inverse association between fiber intake and CIMT (β=-0.003, P = 0.02). Adults with higher quartiles of fiber intake had a lower odds ratio of high CIMT in comparison to the first quartile (OR: Q1: Ref., Q2: 0.61, Q3: 0.74, Q4: 0.53; P trend = 0.04), independent of confounding factors. There were no significant associations between other macronutrient intakes and CIMT value. Among macronutrients, dietary fiber intake, which often contains phytochemicals, was found to be inversely associated with CIMT value in a young adult Tehranian population. There were no associations between diet quality, as measured by the GDQS, healthy and unhealthy subgroups, and CIMT values.

The experiences of antenatal care (ANC) and childbirth are crucial in identifying and managing conditions such as orofacial clefts, which are often not detected early enough, both prenatally and postnatally. This study explores the ANC and childbirth experiences of parents with children affected by orofacial clefts, aiming to highlight the role of ANC in supporting families and preparing them for long-term care plans. This descriptive observational study used a survey conducted at the Yayasan Pembina Penderita Celah Bibir dan Langit-Langit (YPPCBL), Bandung, between July and August 2024. A purposive sampling method based on the Cochran formula was used to select 49 respondents, with 55 ultimately participating. Data were collected primarily and analyzed descriptively via frequency distribution. The study which involved 55 respondents, revealed that most mothers received ANC services (98.2%), although adherence to six recommended ANC visits (20%) and the Ten Treatments (10T) ANC standards (34.5%) were low. Prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts occurred in 23.6% of cases, primarily through ultrasound examinations, while the majority (76.4%) were identified postnatally. A small proportion of mothers delivered outside healthcare facilities (7.3%) or without medical assistance (3.6%). Newborn physical examinations were conducted in 81.8% of cases. Despite high ANC attendance, there were deficiencies in compliance with ANC K6 visits and the implementation of integrated 10T ANC standards. Prenatal detection of orofacial clefts remains rare, with most cases identified postnatally. While most births occurred in healthcare facilities, palatal clefts often went undetected due to insufficient newborn examinations. These findings underscore the need to enhance ANC services and neonatal examinations to improve early detection and management of orofacial clefts.

Factors Associated with Progression of Symptomatic Isolated Supraspinatus Tears 2 Years after Exercise Therapy.