Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Procedure Research Articles

Ultrasound-assisted extraction with natural deep eutectic solvent for phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill.: Experimental design optimization using central composite design

Combining natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) created a green extraction medium for important phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill. For this purpose, three different NADES based on lactic acid were designed and tested as green extraction solvents. Citric acid, glucose, mannitol, and glycerol were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), while lactic acid as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The best extraction efficiency was demonstrated by NADESLACAGLY, which contains lactic acid, citric acid, and glycerol (3:1:2) compare with two other NADES (NADESLAGLU and NADESLAMA) and conventional solvents (ethanol and methanol). These parameters included total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA). Then the UAE procedure was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total phenolic compounds (R2 = 0.9625, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), total flavonoid compounds (R2 = 0.9682, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9940, p < 0.0001 and p<0.05). An extraction time of 60 min, a solvent volume of 35 mL, and an amount of water in NADES 30 % (v/v) were considered optimal conditions. The present study demonstrates the potential for creating eco-friendly solvents with enhanced extraction capabilities compared to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various natural sources that are used as natural food colorants and cosmetic dyes.

Screening of Potential plants from Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial agent for Coliform bacteria

The use of extract plants as a therapy method for bacterial illnesses is possible. Plants have antibacterial and antioxidant properties and include various chemicals that protect the human body from infections. And coliform bacteria are a major cause of public health issues. This study aimed to determine the potential of a variety of plants as an alternative antibacterial agent. The study was carried out with extract plants utilizing the disc diffusion method. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction procedure with n-hexane, DMSO and methanol to extract the leaf and stem bark of the plants. Zones of inhibition are measured using the Disc Diffusion Method, and the diameter of bacterial growth inhibition is measured in millimeters. At a 10 mg/mL dosage, all plant extracts had a growth-inhibitory impact against at least one of the three microorganisms tested, especially Enterobacter aerogenes. The extract of Luvunga scandens leaf had the strongest antibacterial action among the ten active plant extracts tested inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterobacter aerogenes at MICs of 10 mg/mL. It was concluded that all plants tested had potential as an antibacterial against coliform bacteria.

A simple and efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction procedure combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometry for the pre-concentration and determination of folic acid (vitamin B9) in various sample matrices

ABSTRACTA simple and efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) procedure has been proposed for the pre-concentration of (2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid (folic acid) in vegetables, pharmaceuticals and foods prior to determination at 540 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The method is based on hydrophobic ternary complex formation of folic acid with silver ions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a sensitivity enhancer counter ion at pH 7.0, and then extraction into a micellar phase of polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether (Genapol X-080). The impacts on the extraction efficiency and complex formation of analytical parameters such as sample pH, concentration of silver, concentration of surfactants and extraction time, ultrasonic time and sample volume, were investigated and optimised in detail. The matrix effect on the pre-concentration and determination of folic acid was investigated, and it was observed that the proposed method was highly selective against possible matrix co-extractives. Under optimised conditions, a good linear relationship between the analytical signal and folic acid concentration was obtained in the range of 0.6–180 μg l−1 with a detection limit of 0.19 μg l−1 and quantification limit of 0.63 μg l−1. The applicability was evaluated using samples fortified at different concentration levels, and recoveries higher than 94.1% were obtained. The precision as the percent relative standard deviation (RSD%) was in range of 2.5–3.8% (10 and 40 μg l−1, n = 5). The proposed method was validated by analysis of two standard reference materials (SRMs) and various real samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.