The proposed research work introduces robotic and manual grafting methods of eggplant seedlings of same genetic characteristics with their keen observative comparisons for precision and optimum production. The manual and mechanical grafting process using a semi-automated ultra precision grafting robot AFGR-800CS. These experiments were conducted at NAHEP-CAAST-DFSRDA under Agri-bot division in 2021 in collaboration with College of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, VNMKV, Parbhani (Maharashtra) for varieties of brinjal such as Krishna, Phule Arjun, Manjari Gota and Phule Harit. The purpose of the comparative evaluation is to observe an impact of automation technology in comparison with manual method for Solanum torvum and arranged in a CRBD (Completely Randomised Block Design). Considerable differences were identified in the experimental results for the many attributes. The lowest days for healing (4.258 days) with the highest grafting success (96.285 %) and leaf count per plant (6.503) detected in Phule Arjun joined on Solanum torvum using robotic grafting technique. The least days to emergent was noted for Krishna (6.705 days) attached on Solanum torvum through robotic technique. While, the supreme diameter of rootstock (2.898 mm) and diameter of scion (2.880 mm) noted in Phule Harit joined on Solanum torvum through physical grafting technique. Meaningfully, the highest height of plant (16.225 cm) and grafts per hour (689.50) were noticed in Phule Harit united on Solanum torvum through using robotic attaching technique. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that grafting technology shows a positive effect when Solanum torvum Sw. was used as rootstock.

Metal mirrors will be widely used in the coming decades. Therefore, as one of the enabling technologies for metal optical freeform surface manufacturing, ultra-precision (UP) diamond turning error compensation has become a research hotspot. However, for the tool offset error and tool radius error, which are the main errors in UP diamond turning, no precise and efficient calculation method has been found in the literature. In this study, a more precise and efficient algorithm was developed and validated in three ways using on-machine measurement data and profilometer measurement data. After one compensation, the tool offset error can be reduced to below 0.1 μm, and the tool radius error can be reduced to below 1 micrometer, which will significantly improve the UP turning accuracy and efficiency of optical parts.

Molecular dynamics simulation has become the main analysis method of ultra precision machining of various materials. In this research, molecular dynamics method was used to explore the influence of nanocutting parameters on amorphous atoms, atomic coordination numbers, atomic strain and dislocations of AISI M2 workpiece. LAMMPS was used to construct the molecular dynamics model for CBN tool cutting AISI M2. The polycrystalline model of the workpiece contained 12 grains and iron, chromium and tungsten atoms. The polycrystalline model of the tool contained 3 grains and boron and nitrogen atoms. Tersoff, EAM, Morse and L-J potential energy functions were used to characterize the interaction between atoms. The following results were obtained through 8 groups of simulation experiments: (1) Both cutting speed and cutting depth promoted the amorphous transformation of workpiece atoms. (2) Under the extrusion of the tool, atoms with high coordination numbers were produced in the contact area between the tool and the workpiece. (3) The cutting depth was positively correlated with the average strain of workpiece atoms. Large strain atoms mainly occurred in the cutting area and gradually extended into the workpiece. (4) 1/2 < 111> dislocation was the most common dislocation form in nanocutting. This research plays a rich role in molecular dynamics simulation of nanocutting polycrystalline alloys.

When utilising traditional machining processes, convincing and competent processing with ultra precision of superalloys are highly difficult and stiff task. Accordingly, the authors recognised a need for non-conventional machining (NCM) for processing of alloy 718 (other name ‘Inconel 718’ or UNS N07718) using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). L16 Taguchi’s orthogonal array has been utilised for preferred design of experiment. Pulse on duration (Ton), pulse off duration (Toff), wire speed (Uw), and current (I) has been selected as control factors to study the effects of performance. Material removal rate (MRR), Kerf Width (KW) and Surface Roughness (SR) has been assessed as an output performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also performed and found that I has the greatest influence on MRR while Uw is lowest, with contribution of 47.11 % and 6.05 % respectively. For KW, Toff is greatest influential factor while I is lowest, with contribution of 35.39 % and 4.35 %. For SR, Ton is greatest influential factor while Toff is lowest, with contribution 87.8 % and 3.27 %. Also error between the actual and predicted values is below 5 %. For MRR, the error is 4.20 % while for KW and SR, it is 0.31 % and 2.21 % indicating close alignment with the achieved value.

In the realm of ultra-precision manufacturing, the minutiae of process control and material handling are paramount to achieving the highest levels of product quality and manufacturing efficiency. The industry faces a significant challenge: maintaining and enhancing the precision of manufacturing processes in real-time to ensure optimal output quality while minimizing waste and energy consumption. This challenge is compounded by the increasing complexity of products and the materials used, requiring ever more precise and adaptive manufacturing techniques. The importance of addressing this challenge cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the competitiveness, sustainability, and innovation capacity of manufacturing firms. The development of an intelligent monitoring system that integrates advanced precision metrology techniques presents a promising solution to this problem. Such a system would enable real-time optimization of manufacturing processes, leveraging cutting-edge technologies and data analytics to dynamically adjust parameters for optimal performance. By doing so, it would not only enhance the precision and efficiency of manufacturing operations but also contribute significantly to sustainable manufacturing practices by reducing waste and energy consumption. This concept paper proposes the development of this intelligent monitoring system, outlining its potential impact on the ultra-precision manufacturing industry.&#x0D; Keywords: Ultra Precision, Monitoring, Processing, Real Time.

Glass-ceramic is difficult to be ultra precision machined due to its high hardness and brittleness. Laser-assisted fast tool servo machining (LAFTSM) of glass-ceramic optical free-form surface was carried out with tool wear as the characteristic value to study the machining quality of glass-ceramic. Orthogonal experiments on LAFTSM were conducted using the Taguchi method (TM). The range of tool wear reduction obtained by comparing laser-assisted machining (LAM) with fast tool servo (FTS) machining is 48.83%–64.12%. The order of contribution of each machining parameter obtained through variance analysis to the reduction of tool wear is: spindle speed &gt; laser power &gt; feed rate &gt; piezoelectric frequency. The optimal combination of machining parameters that can minimize tool wear obtained through signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis is: spindle speed 55 rpm, feed rate 0.01 mm/rev, piezoelectric frequency 8 Hz, laser power 75 W. Artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to fit and optimize the machining parameters and experimental results in TM orthogonal experiments. The fitting values of ANN are highly consistent with the orthogonal experimental results. The optimal combination of machining parameters obtained after GA optimization analysis is: spindle speed 50 rpm, feed rate 0.015 mm/rev, piezoelectric frequency 4 Hz, laser power 75 W. Experiments were conducted using the optimal combination of machining parameters of TM and ANN, the results showed that ANN performs better than TM in predicting minimum tool wear and optimizing machining parameters. This study provides a reference for LAFTSM and the research methods of tool wear.

Low-energy ion beam erosion of Si with simultaneous co-deposition of metallic surfactants: Experimental and simulated data

Experimental investigation on cutting force and machining parameters optimization in in-situ laser-assisted machining of glass–ceramic

Monitoring of machining process anomalies in diamond turning of Ti6Al4V alloy using transfer learning-based algorithms

Analysis of the effect of tool geometry on the cutting process of polycrystalline Fe-Cr-W alloy based on molecular dynamics simulation

Reactive ion beam smoothing of rapidly solidified aluminum (RSA) 501 surfaces for potential visible and ultraviolet light applications

The radial error is the key performance indicator of ultra-precision axis. In order to measure and evaluate the radial error of ultra-precision axis with nanometer accuracy, a measurement system with an accuracy of nanometer based on capacitive displacement probes and standard spheres is developed. The nonlinearity error of capacitive displacement probes, misalignment error of the probes, eccentric error of standard spheres, error caused by environment temperature change, environment vibration and error separation methods are analyzed and the effects of the above factors are obtained; Multiple measurement examples carried out with the measurement system this paaper constructed indicate the repeatability of the measurement system reaches 10.5 nm and the roundness error of artifact separated is less than 4.03 nm. In order to evaluate the measurement dispersion of the ultra-precision axis radial error, the major uncertainty components and the complete process of the comprehensive evaluation of the measurement uncertainty are proposed. The combined uncertainty of radial error motion measurement of the ultra-precision axis with Donaldson reversal is 31.64 nm (k = 2).

Molecular dynamics simulation has become a major theoretical analysis method for ultra precision machining of various materials. Large Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) is used to construct a molecular dynamics model for cutting polycrystalline Fe-Cr-W alloy with CBN tool. The geometric parameters of the tool model are: the rake angle is −10°, the clearance angle is 7°, and the tool tip radius is 1.5 nm, including 8570 atoms. The size of the workpiece model is 24 nm × 10 nm × 10 nm, including 203,893 atoms. Ovito is used to visually analyze the influence of cutting parameters on the machinability of workpieces. The results show that the extrusion of the tool on the workpiece makes the atoms of the workpiece move and become chips and machined surfaces. Excessive cutting speed and depth will produce large hydrostatic stress, large cutting force, high cutting temperature and deteriorate the machined surface.

Cost-effective fabrication of As40Se60 glass lenses enabled by SPS-SPDT process

Digital surface twin for ultra-precision high performance cutting

Aerostatic bearings are typically used in ultra precision and high speed applications in controlled environments. The present study expands this operating domain. The present study experimentally investigates the performance and feasibility of a novel design for a robust air bearing consisting of an aerostatically sealed pressurized volume. A suitable operating domain for the bearing system was characterized based on measurements of the load capacity, friction moment, chamber flow, and seal flow rate at various opposing surface run-outs and supply pressures. The highest measured load capacity was 18.86 kN at 0.330 mm run-out, and decreased to 12.22 kN load at 3.804 mm run-out. The study provided corroborative evidence on the feasibility of the proposed chamber based bearing design.

Electrolyte additives, as a small proportion of the electrolyte, greatly affect the performance of lithium-ion cells. This work performs a comparative study to reveal the difference between commercial 99.8% pure 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one (PDO) additive and lab-made 95% pure PDO in NMC622/graphite cells. In addition, a set of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of 99.8% pure PDO and its binary blends with vinylene carbonate (VC), 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide (DTD) or lithium difluorophosphate (LFO) in NMC811/graphite cells. 99.8% Pure PDO and 95% pure PDO show little difference in the NMC622 cells, with the latter presenting relatively better performance in the best-performing blends for long-term cycling and high-temperature storage tests. Considering all the tests including ultra high precision coulometry (UHPC) cycling, long-term cycling, and high-temperature storage, the NMC811 cells with 2%PDO+ 1%LFO outperformed the other PDO-containing cells. The PDO-based blends were confirmed to be more promising in cells with higher nickel content; that is, PDO could be a useful additive in high-nickel content cells.

Transient Interferometry of Ultra Precision Surface Based on Small Hole Point Diffraction

Ultra precision optical surfaces can be efficiently manufactured using a computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) process. Based on the chemical reaction, atmospheric pressure plasma processing (APPP) is a promising deterministic CCOS technique and has great application prospect for the figuring processing as well as freeform generation. However, the plasma jet also works as the heat source, leading to the variation of substrate temperature field. This way, the tool influence function (TIF) is continuously changed, which leads to the nonlinear removal characteristic. Especially, it becomes much more complex when considering the neighboring dwell points, because they are thermally interacted. The conventional time-variant TIF model cannot accurately describe the practical TIF changes. In this paper, an innovative reverse analysis method is proposed to derive the practical TIF changes in APPP. First, the special problem of the TIF neighborhood effect is pointed out. The limitation of the conventional TIF model is analyzed with the assisted thermal model. Then, an innovative reverse analysis method is presented to derive the TIF changes from the practical removal, which is demonstrated with the simulation. Further, the proposed method is applied to the analysis of the TIF changes in APPP. To verify its feasibility, the experimental validation is undertaken, which proves its capability of deriving complex TIF changes.

Fluctuation in environmental parameters has become an important factor affecting the performance of ultra precision measurement. Aiming at the long-distance and high-speed laser interferometer measurement system, a method combining structure design and closed-loop control is proposed to reduce the measurement error caused by environmental parameters. The uniform pressure structure is designed, and the control system of micro environmental parameters is established. The simulation and experimental research on the uniformity of temperature and pressure on the optical path measured by laser interferometer are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that this method can achieve temperature uniformity and stability above 0.01°C and pressure uniformity and stability above 1Pa, and can be widely used in micro environment parameter control of long-distance ultra precision measurement.