Ukhrul District Research Articles (Page 1)

The present study attempts to associate anthropometric markers and blood pressure, thereby determining the most effective predictive marker for hypertension. A total sample of 350 adults aged 20 to 70 years was included in the study after getting consent. Anthropometric data and blood pressure were collected using standard procedures. Significant t-tests, chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were performed between the anthropometric body adiposity measures and blood pressure. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated to assess the risk of hypertension. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to find the anthropometric markers predictive cut-off values. The prevalence of hypertension was 23.4% in males and 22.3% in females, respectively. The nutritional status of overweight and obese individuals was greater in females (38.9% and 13.1%) compared to males (37.1% and 8.6%). Anthropometric indicators, including BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR, strongly correlate with elevated blood pressure in both sexes. The ROC analysis shows WHtR has the highest area under curve (AUC) value of 0.669 in males, whereas BMI has an AUC of 0.804 in females, indicating it is a more effective predictor for high blood pressure. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (6.20; 5.30), anxiety (8.13; 6.69), alcohol use (11.81; 6.64), physical activity (8.32; 9.17), smoking (10.05; 10.44), and salt intake (6.31; 5.40) were all independently associated risk factors of hypertension, irrespective of sex. The study concluded that anthropometric markers such as BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR could predict hypertension risk among the Phalee Tangkhul. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, salt intake, age, and anxiety are independent risk factors for high blood pressure.

The marketing effectiveness of tomato and cabbage in the Ukhrul District of Manipur was evaluated using Acharya’s modified marketing efficiency approach, with a focus on identifying the key factors influencing marketing efficiency. The economic viability of tomato and cabbage production in the state was also analyzed. The per quintal production costs of tomatoes and cabbage were found to be Rs. 219.36 and Rs. 249.31 respectively, with benefit-cost ratios of 5.76 and 2.30 respectively. Due to the perishable nature of tomatoes and cabbage, combined with limited processing and storage infrastructure, insufficient knowledge among stakeholders and the presence of numerous intermediaries, significant price fluctuations were observed, which negatively impacted both the farmers and consumers. Most tomatoes were sold through Channel 1 (Producer-Retailer-Consumer), while cabbage was mainly marketed via Channel 3 (Producer-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer). Marketing costs and margins varied with the length of the distribution channel; more extended channels led to higher costs and wider price spreads. As the number of intermediaries increased, both the consumer price and marketing margin rose, reducing overall marketing efficiency. Factors such as transportation, market price, marketing margin and volume significantly influenced efficiency. The highest efficiency was found in the direct channel from farmers to retailers to consumers. Developing a dedicated farmers' market model with essential infrastructure, such as storage, weighing systems, water, electricity and shelter, could streamline the supply chain, reduce costs and improve overall market performance by minimizing intermediary roles.

This paper is mainly focus on educated youth which are unemployed due to the education system or lack of skills that they cannot compete in the open environment. So, the research is done in the Ukhrul district of Manipur which is mainly inhabited by the Tangkhul tribe. Manipur is also very high unemployment rate in the country, and the state government also struggling for this situation. State government with the help of central government trying to tackle this situation by bring schemes sponsored by central and state government. For this paper I used both primary and secondary data from various sources. In this paper the government also trying to look alternative means like start up, enterprenuers, etc.

This is a review paper of two closely twine and knitted together economic activities of the Tangkhul tribe and most of the tribal communities in the North East Region of India. The main occupation and source of livelihood is agriculture but from ancestral days handloom has been a complementary activity carried out during the off-season or after agricultural work to provide for the clothing needs of the family. Both the activities were subsistence self-sufficient and self-consumption economic activity but with the introduction of monetary economy agricultural produce and handloom products are being commercialized and marketed in the local as well as other markets. The nature, scope and methods of marketing agricultural produce and handloom products are similar, the producer, the market, and the consumer of agriculture and handloom are also the same in the local market. Thereby the issues related to marketing: product, market, pricing, and promotion are also homogenous to a large extend.

Kachai lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) is a variety of citrus, known for its rich nutritional and medicinal benefits due to its high flavonoid content and ascorbic acid. It has played a significant role in enhancing the socio-economic development of the tribal communities by generating income and employment opportunities. The Geographical Indication (GI) tag awarded to Kachai lemon has increased its commercial cultivation and market value. This recognition and growing attention have led to the emergence of agripreneurs and farmer producer organizations (FPOs) for production, value addition and marketing of Kachai lemon in an organized manner. The present study is aimed to compile the success stories, challenges of farmers and explore various Kachai lemon brands available on online platforms. A SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis on production and marketing of kachai lemon was performed. For the study, descriptive analysis was carried out to assess its potential, current status and challenges. The study suggests that in order to compete globally, it is crucial to develop strong post-harvest processing and marketing systems with support from agencies and institutions to provide valuable resources and market linkages to enhance efficiency and gain economic benefits.

Socio-Economic Status and its Association with Obesity Among the Tangkhul Tribal Women in Ukhrul District, Manipur

Tangkhul tribes are main habitant of the Ukhrul district of Manipur, a north eastern state of India and popular for using the products of animal fauna in the folklore medicines for curing certain human ailments. To our knowledge, no investigation has been done on the essential fatty acids content in the animal products used in the traditional medicines by the Tangkhul tribe of Manipur. The objective of the study is to determine the essential fatty acids concentration in the selected ethnozoological products namely, Periplaneta americana, Upupa epops, Scolopendra gigantea, Pheretima posthuma, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Sus scrofa domesticus, and Tylototriton verrucosus by Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) methods. The result of the study revealed that unsaturated fatty acids are found to be contained generally higher than saturated fatty acids in the seven-ethnozoological products studied. Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, Oleic Acid (7579.19 ± 70.23 mg/100g) is found to be highest in concentration and is recorded in the P. americana. Some of the common essential PUFAs recorded in the samples of the ethnozoological products studied were Linolenic Acid, Linoleic acids, Erucic Acid, Oleic Acid, Elaidic Acid, Palmetoleic Acid, Myristoleic Acid etc. with the highest concentration of linolenic acid (5518.03mg/100g) found in the P. americana. The used of seven ethnozoological products mentioned per se by Tangkhul Tribes of Manipur in their folklore medicines for the treatment of various human ailments may be attributed to the presence of various polyunsaturated fatty acids especially high amount of omega-3 fatty acids, palmetoleic acid, ecosapentanoic acid in them.

This paper analyses Phalee proverbs that refer to acts of speaking and holding the tongue in a community rhetorical context. Phalee/ Phadang, spoken in the Ukhrul district of Manipur, falls under the Tangkhul Naga language sub-group of the Tibeto-Burman family but is mutually incomprehensible with it. Tangkhul is the lingua franca among the villages that make up the Tangkhul Naga identity despite every village’s quotidian language use, rituals, and laws being unique to the village identity. This is a complex phenomenon, and the proverbs that arise out of the Tangkhul-Phalee composite provide interesting perspectives on identity formation regarding language, custom, and art. The collected corpus of proverbs we studied shows that while speech is considered clearly a necessity in terms of self-expression, community policy determination, and social interaction, most proverbs on speaking nevertheless emphasise the power of spoken words and ultimately counsel minimal and extremely careful speech. Silence seems to be often and poignantly granted greater value in communal life. This paper explores how these accumulated insights into speech reflect cultural attitudes in Phalee society and offer insights into the distinctive forms of social governance as mediated through the rhetorical strategies of proverb context and usage that characterise the village identity.

The present study was carried out in Ukhrul district of Manipur during the year 2024 to find out the constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption of recommended cultivation practices of Kachai lemon. Kachai village under LM Block was selected purposively as it is the only place where Kachai lemon is mainly grown. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected from Kachai village. The primary data was collected using a pre-structured interview schedule. The collected data from the respondents were scored, tabulated and analyzed to calculate frequency and percentage to interpret findings and draw conclusions. The finding inferred that 89.16 % of the respondents faced the constraints lack of proper market, 80% of the respondents had the problem of scarcity of water and 75.83 % had less knowledge about plant protection measures. The respondents also suggested that providing of proper marketing facilities from the concerned department and building of a water conservation tank in the village and more training on rainwater harvesting and plant protection might help overcome the problems faced by the villagers.

The present study aims to understand the level of self-confidence in higher secondary students in Ukhrul District HQ, Manipur. The study aims to study the self-confidence level among secondary school students in Ukhrul District HQ. To study the level of self-confidence among secondary school students concerning the difference of gender, stream, and classes. The investigator selected 200 higher secondary school students from classes XI and XII. The sample was drawn by using a simple random sampling technique. The investigator collected data using a standardised Adolescents’ Self-confidence scale (ASCS) developed by Ghazala Zia. Statistical techniques such as percentages and t-tests were used to analyse and interpret the data. The study’s main findings are that the overall self-confidence level of secondary students of Ukhrul HQ is average/moderate. A significant difference exists in the self-confidence level of male and female students. There is a significant difference in the self-confidence of arts and science students. There is a significant difference in students' self-confidence in the XI and XII classes.

Water is an essential element and fundamental natural resources of human survival. It is a vital and inextricable part of human existence for the socio-economic development of the people of Ukhrul district. The methodology employed includes in-depth interviews, questionnaires, discussions, transient walk and field observation. Purposive sampling was used to select the localities and simple random sampling was used to select 500 respondents for the study. Data collected were analysed using SPSS 27. This paper investigated the socio-economic issues hindering water accessibility in Ukhrul town. The identified significant water sources ponds, springs, and the distribution system such as public hydrant, household pipeline and water vendors. The household pipeline in the study areas is not reliable because the water did not flow regularly and the respondents believed that available water is inadequate. Residents face acute water scarcity every year since the majority of the water sources dry up during the dry months from December to May. Scarcity of water has affected the daily lives and residents are now required to procure water from the dry-up ponds. The scarcity has been exacerbated by the population rise, inadequate water sources, lack of infrastructure and most importantly deforestation that has encroached upon habitats and forest cover, exacerbating the effects of climate change. It requires the concerted efforts of stakeholders and community to develop integrated approaches to overcome the multifaceted nature of water scarcity.

Using an ethnographic approach in Manipur (mainly Ukhrul district) among the Tangkhul Nagas, this study explores how the traditional activity of weaving provides a platform for sociocultural–political expression. By focusing on Rose Kashan and Luingamla Kashan, the article highlights the layered connections between the Indigenous art of weaving as a text woven by the community as expression of solidarity, immortalization of stories, as well as hidden transcripts since Naga society and its histories are interwoven with axes of power and subaltern resistance vis-à-vis the Indian state.

Risk assessment of the jhumias in eastern Himalayan region: An IPCC framework approach

A Study On The Youth Problems Of 11th AND 12th Grade Students In Ukhrul District Of Manipur

One of the major sources of energy especially in rural sector is the fuelwood and it remains as the first choice of energy source. The North-east states of India have high indigenous population and depend upon the natural resources for their livelihood. A study was carried out in Ukhrul District, Manipur to understand the present fuelwood consumption pattern, the common species collected, and its impact on the forest land and conservation measure based on traditional knowledge. The primary data was collected using a detailed field survey, personal observations and questionnaire-based interviews and discussions with knowledgeable villagers were carried out. Annual fuelwood consumption was approximately 3000 Kg per household. The most commonly collected fuelwood species were Quercus serratus, Lithocarpus fenestratus, L. dealbatus and Q. cerris. The traditional village institutions have withstood numerous challenges and have proved crucial to the preservation of the forests. The community requires assistance and incentives from the government in order to create a mutually beneficial situation for conservation as well as the improvement of the local community living standard.

The Naga tribe predominantly inhabits the district of Ukhrul, located in the eastern part of the state of Manipur. The people Tangkhul of this hilly region use medicinal herbs to treat various diseases and ailments. A recent survey conducted from 2018 to 2019 among the Tangkhul community revealed use of 45 species of angiosperms, 43 genera and 35 families, for the treatment of diarrhea. This information was gathered through structured questionnaires and consultations with elders and practitioners. Some of the effective plant species used Tangkhul by practitioners to treat diarrhea include L., (L.) Pers., Benth., Tangkhul Allium ascalonicum Cynodon dactylon Elsholtzia strobilifera Lantana camara ., Psidium guajava Rhus javanica Tinospora cordifolia L L., L., and auct. The documentation of medicinal plants for diarrhea treatment not only provides valuable insights into traditional healing practices but also has implications for the conservation and sustainable utilization of the region's floral diversity.

Unemployment is a situation of one who is capable of working, seeking employment but is not able to work. This scenario is quite visible in developing and underdeveloped countries. This is the core reason for poverty and many of the social, and economic problems. The government has a crucial role in this situation. Unemployment leads to poverty, and due to the severe poverty, people may move from one place to another called migration. It may be internal migration or international migration. Due to migration, the country might be losing its human resources. Again, it may create social and economic problems. To solve this issue government should adopt proper projects and policies which are suitable for the State.

Numerous horticulture crops, both well-known and less well-known underutilized fruit crops native to this region, are grown in abundance in the north-eastern Himalayan region. If grown to their full capacity, these crops will produce significant revenue and contribute to the local economy. There is however, a decrease in their availability even before being fully exploited due to losses resulting from many factors including climate change and related variability. The primary consequence of climate change, among many others, is the changes in the agro-ecological region that are observable in some places where there is the replacement of native fruits, many of which originated at higher elevations, with low chilling-required fruits. In the Ukhrul district of Manipur (Northeast India), the abundance of many local temperate crops of the Prunus species such as peaches, plums, cherries, pears, bird cherry (Prunus nepalensis) and others like walnut, wild apple (Docynia indica), Pyrus pashia, Myrica spp., Rhus semialatus, Rubus spp., Eleagnus spp., Elaeocarpus floribundus, Spondias axillaris, etc. are reduced and being replaced by low chilling requiring crops like kiwi, avocado, low chilling apples (Anna, Golden Dorsett, HRMN 99) and area under these crops particularly kiwi is increasing. In household gardens at higher altitudes, tropical fruits like mango, banana and guava are now thriving; in the past, the harsh winter frosts made it impossible even for the seedlings to survive. Despite employing rootstocks that are more resistant to higher temperature, kiwi is replacing the apple-growing regions in the foothills of Bomdila and Dirang in Arunachal Pradesh, since the requisite quality is not achieved.

A study is conducted in Sirarakhong Village, Ukhrul district, Manipur. A total of one hundred twenty respondents were selected for the study. The primary information were collected through pre-tested interview schedule. The finding shows that 46.67 per cent of the respondents were having medium category of knowledge towards improved Hathei Chilli production practices. Age, education, occupation, land holding, farming experience, innovativeness, and economic motivation were found positively correlated with their knowledge categoryof the respondents.

Melastoma imbricatum Wall. ex Triana (Melastomataceae) is recorded for the first time for Manipur, India. The plant specimen was collected from Lambui (25.015N, 94.294E; 1,420 m), Ukhrul district, Manipur. Brief description and colour illustrations are provided.