Typological Framework Research Articles

Family Communication in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Applying the Family Caregiver Communication Typology to Parent Caregivers

ABSTRACT Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience greater stress and caregiver burden than parents of children with other disabilities. To cope with the stress of long-term caregiving, they rely on professionals for support and guidance. However, parents continue to report unmet communication and support needs. To inform tailored communication for parents of a child with ASD, this study used the existing Family Caregiver Communication Typology framework which identifies four caregiver communication types (manager, carrier, partner, and lone) and their unique communication and support needs. In-depth, structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 22) and ASD professionals (n = 28) to explore communication characteristics of ASD parent caregivers. A thematic analysis revealed communication behaviors among four ASD parent caregiver types, further validating the typology. Future research is needed to develop targeted interventions for improving family-centered care based on ASD parent caregiver types.

Three-participant events in Romani

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation into the morphosyntactic expression of three-participant events in Romani and situates Romani within a typological framework (Margetts & Austin 2007). It provides an inventory of attested strategies and first insights into their distribution across the dialects of Romani. My research indicates that three-place predicate and oblique/adjunct strategies are the principal means for encoding three-participant events in Romani, each applicable for several event types. However, dialectal differences become apparent. For each Romani dialect cluster, one variety is particularly focussed upon, namely: Kalderaš (Vlax), Arli (Balkan), East Slovak Romani (Central), Sinti (Northwestern), and Lithuanian Romani (Northeastern).

The Urban Development in Relation to the Occurrence of Diseases in the Casa-Settat Region of Morocco during the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2.

The Casa-Settat region is experiencing very worrying environmental and epidemiological problems and challenges, namely, population growth, the significant development of unsupervised industrial activities, road traffic, the significant weight of the spread of diseases with high epidemiological potential such as SARS-CoV-2, the increase in hospital activities, and the significant discharge of hospital effluents highly contaminated and untreated. To understand and analyze the factors influencing the high prevalence of deaths and the occurrence of diseases under surveillance, among others SARS-CoV-2, on the quantitative data recorded relating to ten regions of Morocco, and informing, on the one hand, on intrinsic data linked to the urban development, and on the other hand, on the evolution of diseases under epidemiological surveillance, a multidimensional analysis was made. The results reveal the typological framework highlighted by the factorial map F1 × F2 which showed the individualization of the region of Casablanca explained by a large number of variables and diseases that affect it. Finally, these results call for a diagnosis that will make it possible to model new approaches and implement new actions promoting the dynamics of environmental and epidemiological change in one of the most polluted and infected regions of Morocco.

Bee Houses as a Rural Construct: Sampling from Konya, Türkiye

Within the historical and geographical continuity of beekeeping culture, a rural building typology has developed for the storage of hives and use of bees. The bee house structures, also known as apiaries and function as shelters used by bees to produce honey are unique and distinctive components of the rural context. The architecture of these structures can be examined in a typological framework through their tectonic qualities as they differ in terms of material, construction logic, and architectural design. This study addresses the bee house as a rural architectural type and interprets the typological reading by examining the structural construct and logic of this building type through the concepts of “tectonic” and “syntax”. To illustrate the discussion, a group of bee houses identified and documented in the field surveys conducted in rural areas within the borders of Konya province in Turkey are introduced and contextualized; typology is prepared by classifying the documented sample according to construction techniques. For comparison, Antalya examples which set the basis of the typology are briefly mentioned.

Nostalgia: A Review, Propositions, and Future Research Agenda

This article presents a systematic review of the nostalgia literature (205 articles) using PRISMA protocols. It dwells on three questions: What do we know about nostalgia? What do we need to know about nostalgia? and Where should we be heading? The article examines the evolution of nostalgia, analyzes the definitions of nostalgia (past–memory–yearning–ambivalent emotion), and extends the nostalgia typology of Havlena and Holak (1996). The article also delineates the nostalgic advertising literature; identifies antecedents, moderators, and consequences of nostalgic advertising; and highlights research gaps. Finally, this work offers propositions on nostalgic ad appeals (those that emphasize the attractiveness of and yearning for the past in a bittersweet way) based on four themes: self-restoration, continuity, social relationships, and culture. Specifically, the propositions offer new moderators, such as ads’ emotional flow, gender identity, purchase and consumption situation, perceived interactivity, and culture type, that could make some types of nostalgic appeals more effective than others. Our work contributes by being more comprehensive and broad based, extending the typology framework and delineating propositions that lay out a research roadmap for nostalgic advertising.

A typology of internationalisation patterns for SMEs in developing countries

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is twofold. Firstly, it provides an inclusive categorical framework of internationalisation patterns for small- and medium-sized enterprises, and secondly, it presents unique evidence from a developing country and corroborates the proposed framework.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional convergent mixed-method design was applied to this research. A phenomenological design was used to develop the typology framework, and subsequently, practical evidence was collected through a cross-sectional survey using a self-reporting questionnaire. A two-step hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to test the framework’s robustness, and a set of characteristics was compared between the patterns via a one-way analysis of variance, F-test.FindingsThe robustness of the constructed categorical framework of 32 internationalisation patterns is substantiated, suggesting that this framework produces veracious discrimination between all patterns of internationalisation. Evidence revealed that the majority of firms showed regional and incremental internationalising behaviour. No true born globals were observed; however, several other early or fast patterns such as “born-international”, “global new venture” and “born-again regional” emerged.Originality/valueThis paper presents a categorical framework and provides evidence of the behaviour of internationalising SMEs from a Middle Eastern developing economy. The categorical framework constructed in this paper uses predefined thresholds, and it is of value because it is inclusive, rigid and incisive. This paper also provides essential insights into the sub-patterns of internationalisation, specifically the born-again and regional phenomenon of internationalisation.

Caused motion events in Modern Uyghur: a typological perspective

AbstractTalmy’s motion event typology (Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Towards a cognitive semantics: Conceptual structuring systems, vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press) has served as an influential framework for exploring event representation across languages. While confirming its basic premises, many studies argued that the typology cannot fully capture the vast intra- and inter-typological variations. Consequently, proposals have been made to expand the typology and/or reconceptualize it as a typology of constructional strategies for encoding events. This article furthers this line of inquiry by examining caused-motion expressions by adult speakers of an understudied Turkic language, Modern Uyghur. Systematic analyses of lexicalization patterns, that is, which components are typically selected for expression, how frequently they are selected, and how they are packaged in syntactic constructions, show that Uyghur is a prototypical verb-framed language. It differs most strikingly from English (considered satellite-framed) in terms of lexicalization patterns. Detailed comparisons with French and Turkish (putatively verb-framed) reveal intra-typological variations in that Uyghur speakers systematically used verb-framed constructions while French and Turkish speakers exhibit much flexibility and a general preference for satellite-framed constructions. Overall, our data lend support to Talmy’s typology conceived as a strategy-based typological framework.

Diffuse informality: uncovering renting within family households as a form of private rental

This paper sheds new light on informal-formal renting through the integration of paying rent to families within a ‘modes’ of renting typology framework. While private rental housing has long comprised a mix of informal and formal practices dualistic conceptions of informality and formality are being challenged as housing research explores emergent family and sharing economies alongside financialized and rentier economies. Well-used concepts of property rights and tenure or de jure occupancy are expanded to incorporate more nuanced measures of de facto occupancy, particularly relating to the family economy in which we argue represents a form of diffuse informality not well captured in national data collections based on tenure alone. Applying this conceptualisation within an Australian survey of more than 2,870 individual renters within the informal-formal market, we find that informal renting within families is pervasive. Our findings are suggestive of structural changes where a sizable cohort of discouraged and tactical renters are locked out of or bypassing mainstream rental markets.

Rural typology dynamics and drivers in peripheral areas: A case of Northeast China

Socioeconomic developments in rural areas are characterized by heterogeneity and diversity rather than evolving along 'parallel linear paths'. To date, our understanding of rural heterogeneity and evolution remains limited, especially in institutionally transitional countries. Eastern Europe and Northeast China have both experienced economic recessions, industrial restructuring and urban shrinkage over the past decades and have become rust, peripheral and even stigmatized areas. However, the backdrop of rural evolution in Northeast China is different from that of Eastern Europe, since its institutional transition has been gradual rather than a 'shock therapy'. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for rural typology and uses cluster analysis and random forest to explore the rural typological evolution and drivers in Northeast China from 2000 to 2017. The results show that the modernizing grain agriculture leading type currently occupies the main position in Northeast China, while the urbanizing type and industry diversification type only account for 18.6 %. Regarding rural typological dynamics from 2000 to 2017, the modernizing grain agriculture leading type expanded and intensified in more peripheral areas with abundant arable land resources or high potential for arable land reclamation, driven by increasing national grain demand, widening regional economic disparities and division of labor, and agricultural policies. Meanwhile, the transformation mode from the modernizing grain agriculture leading type to the industry diversification type (5.81 %) developed in areas with relatively developed economies, proximity to markets, and dense populations. Finally, we discuss the similarities and differences in rural development between Northeast China and Eastern Europe and propose related policy implications for rural development.

Coastal toponyms of Iran

Abstract While the domain of toponymy has great research potential, it has so far gained little attention in Iran. The present paper is a typological study on a sample group of toponyms from two different provinces of Gilan (a northern coastal province next to the Caspian Sea) and Bushehr (a southern coastal province beside the Persian Gulf) within the framework of the Australian National Placenames Survey typology proposed by Tent and Blair. The two regions in question are similar in terms of adjacency to a major water body but different in language, culture, and geography. To determine whether the Australian proposed typology is applicable to Iranian toponyms, we collected 60 coastal placenames from Gilan and Bushehr and classified them according to their Specifics and Generics based on Tent and Blair’s (2009, 2011) typology. Further, we compared placenaming motivations and processes in the two regions. The results show that although the Iranian placenames differ from the Australian ones in terms of their structure, they fit well into the typology. Water-related features are among the top motivations for local namers in both Gilan and Bushehr. Nevertheless, Bushehr namers are more motivated by natural features while those from Gilan, in most cases, are non-naturally motivated.

Promoting inclusive innovation for disabled people in four countries: who does what and why?

Disability policy is often characterized as comprising three different components: citizenship rights, labor market integration and social protection. In this study, we present a fourth component – disability-related innovation. Specifically we analyze two critical interrelated questions: what governments do to guide innovation in this area; and do patterns of greater government disability policy involvement in social-democratic welfare states apply in the case of innovation? Utilizing a qualitative comparison of Germany, Israel, Sweden and the United States, we find that while policy across all countries is at first glance decisively similar, the important differences that exist cannot be satisfactorily explained within the classical welfare state typology framework. Countries that are leaders in terms of social support for disabled people – Germany and Sweden – are not necessarily leaders in disability-related innovation. This is particularly noticeable in the case of programs for support of Assistive Technology development.

Grammatical Alliance of South Nias Dialect

This research aimed to understand (1) the types of complex sentence structures in BNDS, and (2) the determination of grammatical alliance system. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and applied the theoretical framework of language typology proposed by Van Vallin Jr, Lapolla (1999) and Dixon (1994) as the main theory. The data of this research were in the form of clauses and sentences. Based on the results of data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that syntactically BNDS is included in the accusative language group that treats the subject the same as the agent, and gives different treatment to the patient (S = A, ≠ P). BNDS is a language group that works with the S/A pivot system. This grammatical alliance system showed that BNDS is syntactically a nominative-accusative language. Paying attention to S’s behavior in intransitive clauses with A and P’s behavior in BNDS transitive clauses which showed a tendency to be nominative-accusative language.
 Keywords: clauses, complex sentences, pivot test and grammatical alliance

Higher education in welfare regimes: Three worlds of post-Soviet transition

Higher education has generally been excluded from the welfare discourse, especially in transition countries. This article addresses existing research gaps by applying the ideas of decommodification and stratification to higher education in post-Soviet countries, within the comparative framework of welfare regime typology. The purpose of this study is to analyse the extent to which higher education relates to welfare state models in such countries. The research demonstrates that institutional settings and outcomes of higher education provision in Estonia, Georgia and Russia are evolving toward patterns of social-democratic, liberal and conservative models, respectively. Although the correspondence is incomplete, we argue that post-Soviet states are more similar to groups of countries representing these welfare regimes than to each other. This study argues against the assumption of a uniform post-Soviet pattern of higher education policy and shows that its structuring is embedded in the wider context of national welfare state models.

Peculiarities of mentalization that hamper consultations of patients with BPD

IntroductionThe uncertainty of COVID-pandemia, vital danger and disruptions in the habitual social contacts can be paralleled to the experiences of severe emotional stress and violence, usually found in the people with Borderline Personality Disorder. Both can be regarded as hampering the ability to categorize and express thoughts, feelings and experiences. The implementation of distant forms of psychological counseling may accentuate the mentalization deficiency.ObjectivesTo develop a theoretical framework for an empirical typology of impairments of mentalization.MethodsThe model of consciousness proposed by L.S. Vygotsky was used for theoretical generalization of the levels of categorical structures of mentalization observed in previous empirical studies.ResultsThe following structures were identified: (1) the syncretic type of mentalization with low differentiation and complexity of object representations, their negative affective tone, autistic, chaotically mutable motivation and low emotional investment in relationships were described in patients with schizotypal disorders; (2) the “complex” type, with literal, non-generalized, field-dependent and rigid, or unstable, representation of the self, others and relationships as a result of the “fusion” of cognitive representations with the current emotional states. Similar types of mentalization were previously described in people with BPD and self-harming behavior (Sokolova, Laisheva, 2017).ConclusionsThe ’syncretic’ and ’complex’ types of mentalization produce affective-cognitive distortions of the image of a psychotherapist, hamper the understanding of the conditional and metaphorical character of the therapeutic process, render difficult the de-traumatization of the unbearable experiences, and lessen the effectiveness of consultations of people with BPD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Beyond the smart city: a typology of platform urbanism

Platform urbanism has emerged in recent years as an area of research into the ways in which digital platforms are increasingly central to the governance, economy, experience, and understanding of the city. In the paper, we argue that platform urbanism is an evolution of the smart city, constituted by novel, digitally-enabled socio-technical assemblages that enable new forms of social, economic and political intermediation. We offer a typological framework for a better conceptualization of platform urbanism and its complex socio-economic relationships. We further outline several directions for future research on platform urbanism, specifically: a.) the need to critically investigate new power geometries of corporate, legal and regulatory alignments; b.) how platform urbanism may be expressed in, and affect, cities in the Global South; c.) how it may need to be critically engaged with in regard to its development in response to emergent events such as the Covid-19 pandemic; and d.) how it may shape visions of the current and future city.

Mapping groundwater-surface water interactions on a national scale for the stream network in Denmark

Study regionDenmark. Study focusGroundwater-surface water interaction (GSI) occurs when groundwater discharges into surface water, or surface water seeps into the groundwater. Understanding GSI aids in understanding the quality and quantity of water and the ecosystem's health, assisting water resource management and the protection of land and aquatic environment. This paper presents a classification mapping routine to classify the Danish stream network into an established GSI typology framework. We mapped three classes for GSI contact types: connected clayey, connected sandy, and disconnected, and three classes for riparian flow paths: diffuse and/or overland, direct, and artificial drainage. New hydrological insights for the regionResults revealed that about 85% of Denmark's streams are connected to groundwater with approximately equal portions in sandy and clayey subsoil areas. Also, about 87% of these streams exchange water with groundwater, either as the only flow path or combined with other flow paths. Furthermore, 41% and 19% of stream sections receive riparian flow water through artificial drainage and diffuse/overland flow paths as the dominant flow path or combined. These numbers correspond to Denmark's land use, which is approximately 60% agricultural, restricting runoff potential, and half of which is artificially drained. We anticipate that the maps will assist policymakers in controlling water and pollutant transfer from the uplands to streams to attain good environmental status for surface and groundwater bodies.

Research on vulnerable people and digital inclusion: toward a consolidated taxonomical framework.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only caused a worldwide health crisis, but it has also deepened existing inequalities, and “has exacerbated the vulnerability of the least protected in society” (United Nations, 2020). Nowadays, there are many population groups that would be regarded as vulnerable. In daily life, citizens deal with a wide range of issues—social injustices, social marginalization and lack of impartiality—due to many reasons: culture, class, ethnicity, race, ideology, religion, gender, etc. To respond effectively to this problem—as the United Nations proposes in the goal 10 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—we first need to understand and clearly define the phenomenon of vulnerable people, and how digital inclusion could represent an asset to help vulnerable people to bridge inequalities. There is no commonly agreed typology framework, and specific categorization criteria as a basis to assist the further investigation of the area. Our work is focused on filling this gap. In doing so, our contribution is twofold. First, we conduct a systematic review of the literature (N = 331 studies) providing an overview of the overall definitions, trends, patterns, and developments that characterize the research on vulnerable people and digital inclusion. Second, we propose a taxonomy to frame the phenomenon of vulnerable people and digital inclusion. The categorization criteria can promote and support further multidisciplinary research to study and explore the relation existing between vulnerable people and digital inclusion.

Implied license doctrine in copyright law: A typological framework

AbstractTo strike the post‐grant balance of interests between copyright owners and users, this paper defines three normative types of implied licenses. The typological framework recognizes a hierarchical degree of deference to copyright owners' intent, such that its function varies from the high degree of deference in the opt‐in system to the intermediate degree of the opt‐out system, down to the lowest degree of the nonoption system. The three systems in this framework, working on a sliding scale, reflect and further the flexibility of the doctrine. Moreover, given the complexity of weighing the conflicting interests of copyright owners and users, a prescription for elements to be considered, taken from existing cases and the function of the doctrine, is required to slide the application of the doctrine from one type to another. In this way, a greater degree of certainty of the doctrine is improved and the predictability of judicial decisions is increased.

Grievers, Skeptics, Pragmatists, Converts, and Champions: Social Work Educators’ Transition to Online Teaching

ABSTRACT Despite the surge in online social work education throughout the last two decades, scholarship examining the pedagogical transition to virtual environments from educators’ perspectives remains nascent. To address this gap, an interpretative phenomenological analysis explored the lived experiences of 17 social work educators across the United States who transitioned from solely on-ground instruction to partially or completely online teaching prior to July 2019. A typological framework emerged from the data that represented the perspectives of Grievers, Skeptics, Converts, Pragmatists, and Champions. Shaped by the convergence of multisystemic forces, these typologies conveyed fresh conceptualizations of roles and identities as educators navigated the digital migration. The framework offers clarity for social work educators as they make sense of their online teaching transitions.

Design optimization of urban typologies: A framework for evaluating building energy performance and outdoor thermal comfort

• A computational workflow is implemented, and a multi-phase optimization framework is developed for evaluating building energy performance and outdoor thermal comfort. • The framework is tested for various low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise theoretical urban typologies in Syracuse, New York. • Tradeoffs between energy performance and outdoor thermal comfort are studied by energy use and outdoor thermal comfort autonomy, respectively. In the physics-based simulation of urban geometries, the outdoor environment was usually simulated separately from buildings – until recently, when the holistic assessment of the urban environment began to attract more attention. Although analyzing design alternatives with multiple objectives is still a challenge, computational tools enable generating thousands of scenarios to rapidly assess performance corresponding to a specific goal. In this study, we developed a multi-phase optimization framework for conceptual urban design. We tested this framework for urban typologies in Syracuse. The energy performance of each alternative was compared with a baseline. The alternatives that generate wasteful energy performance were filtered out first, then remaining scenarios that performed better than the baseline were analyzed using outdoor thermal comfort autonomy (OTCA). Mid-rise multifamily buildings showed the best performance (55.8% energy improvement compared to the baseline). Although hot week outdoor comfort satisfaction among selected mid-rise typologies was high (92.9–98.5%), the satisfaction in cold week was very low (between 8.4–11.6%) among them. This framework contributes to identifying an acceptable range of design solutions by broadening the perspective of the field toward using a more customized optimization framework in early design that will further guarantee the requirements of energy efficient and sustainable cities.