This paper reviews and classifies forms of environmental relocation, including retreat, migration, and resettlement, which are increasingly being considered and promoted as mechanisms for adapting to environmental risks. Current research and practice in relocation planning lacks a typological framework for assessing the many modes and norms of risk-based movement. Classical and critical location models help theorize how populations have come to be settled in differentially risky places in the first place, and are helpful for categorizing relocation situations and evaluating the relocation planning strategies. Written from the perspective of environmental design and planning disciplines, our typological framework emphasizes relocation as spatial processes shaped by environmental risk, and the article thus focuses on relocation, retreat, and resettlement processes. A systematic review of current research on relocation and resettlement identified six descriptive spectrums of relocation attributes: agency, planning, grouping, speed, distance, and temporality. We discuss the normative aspects of those spectra, and relate them to the location and relocation literatures. We then combine these attributes to construct a typology of relocation processes through the lenses of space, time, and power. By considering normative as well as descriptive aspects of relocation, we show how the typology can help address the equity of relocation. The resulting framework provides an analytical and planning tool that is practical and flexible. It can be used to assess and compare relocation projects that have already occurred as well as to evaluate strategies for relocation planning.