Salmonella Types Research Articles

The formation of bacteriophages in mixed cultures by recombination of genetic elements; characterisation of phage types ofSalmonella paratyphi B by phage reactions and lysogenic properties

It was shown that bacteriophages, generated in mixed cultures of strains ofS. paratyphi B of different types are formed by recombination of elements from both strains. The characteristics of the bacteriophages found depend upon the “phage type” of the strains inoculated in the medium.

Salmonellosis: nine cases successfully treated with chloromycetin.

Article1 October 1952SALMONELLOSIS: NINE CASES SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH CHLOROMYCETINJ. HAL DORAN, M.D.J. HAL DORAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-37-4-714 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSalmonella infections in the United States today still present major problems to the medical profession. The variety of species and the protean nature of the organisms are prime factors in the problem, over 150 different organisms having been described to date. All of these are pathogenic for both men and animals, and can be transmitted from man to man by direct contact, by food contaminated by handlers, improper cooking of infected meat and fowl, foods such as creamy pastries, pies, ice-cream, mayonnaise, eggs (fresh, powdered and frozen), and by mechanical vectors such as fleas and other insects, by contaminated water...Bibliography1. FelsenfeldYoung OUM: Geography of salmonellosis, Am. J. Digest. Dis. 14: 47-52 (Feb.) 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. EdwardsBrunerMoran PRDWAB: Further studies on the occurrence and distribution of salmonella types in the United States, J. Infect. Dis. 83: 220-231 (Nov.-Dec.) 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Lomberg F: Actions of sodium and magnesium sulfate on salmonellae, shigellae, and vibrios, Am. J. Digest. Dis. 17: 38-39 (Feb.) 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JacksonGockeCollinsFinland GGTMHSM: In vitro sensitivity of pathogenic enteric bacteria to various antibiotics, J. Infect. Dis. 87: 63-78 (July-Aug.) 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. KurzCrehanThomson ERELC: Salmonella endocarditis with streptomycin failure, Ann. Int. Med. 31: 497-503 (Sept.) 1949. LinkGoogle Scholar6. FelsenfeldVoliniGonzalez OIFLM: The sensitivity of salmonellae and shigellae to streptomycin, Am. J. Digest. Dis. 17: 108-110, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indianapolis, Indiana*Received for publication May 5, 1952.†U. S. Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Chamblee, Georgia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfection with Salmonella TennesseeCurrent pediatric references 1 October 1952Volume 37, Issue 4Page: 714-722KeywordsFleasFoodMeatMedical servicesPathogensSalmonellaSalmonellosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1952 PDF downloadLoading ...

Salmonella types occurring in Australia. IX. S. adelaide.

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 30, Issue 2 p. 177-180 Original Article SALMONELLA TYPES OCCURRING IN AUSTRALIA 9. S. ADELAIDE† Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorHeather G Geytenbeek, Heather G Geytenbeek Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorHeather G Geytenbeek, Heather G Geytenbeek Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 April 1952 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1952.16Citations: 1 † This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume30, Issue2April 1952Pages 177-180 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

The evaluation of culture media for the isolation of salmonellae from faeces.

The sensitivity of different culture media for isolating salmonellae from the faeces of man, dog, horse, cow, sheep, pig, chicken, duck and turkey has been investigated. Suitable dilutions of tissue fluids of animals that had died from salmonella infection, and in which the numbers of viable salmonellae could be accurately estimated, had previously been added to the faecal specimens. Tissue fluids containing Salmonella dublin, typhi-murium, thompson, cholerae-suis, gallinarum and pullorum were used.Selenite and tetrathionate media were greatly superior to liquid desoxycholatecitrate medium, liquid Wilson and Blair medium, cacotheline broth and brilliant green peptone water. By the use of either selenite or tetrathionate media it was usually possible to recover salmonellae from faecal specimens to which less than ten salmonellae had been added. They could nearly always be recovered from specimens containing 100 salmonellae.Salmonellae were more easily recovered from the faeces of some species of animals than others. For selenite, the order of ease of recovery was horse, followed by sheep, human, cow, chicken, pig, turkey, dog and duck faeces, and for tetrathionate, horse, sheep, human, dog, pig, cow, turkey, chicken and duck faeces.Selenite medium was preferable to tetrathionate for examining cow and chicken faeces but the reverse was true in the case of dog faeces; slight differences only were noted in the other species. Taken as a whole, selenite was slightly superior to tetrathionate, butbest results were obtained by the use of both media.Some types of salmonellae were easier to recover from faeces than others.Of six salmonella types, Salm. thompson was easiest to recover followed by Salm. typhi-murium, dublin, gallinarum, pullorum and cholerae-suis, in that order.Erroneous results were obtained when laboratory cultures were used instead of infected tissue fluids.It was necessary to add several thousand salmonellae to faeces before they could be recovered by direct culture on desoxycholate-citrate-agar or Wilson and Blair solid medium.Salm. cholerae-suis and Salm. abortus-ovis were exceptional in that direct plating was superior to the use of enrichment media.With lightly infected specimens an incubation period of 24–30 hr. was optimum for selenite and tetrathionate media. A longer period was detrimental with tetrathionate but not with selenite medium.The combination of selenite and solid Wilson and Blair medium was sometimes too inhibitory to permit the growth of salmonellae.There was little advantage in preparing selenite medium with mannitol instead of lactose.

THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA. 8

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 30, Issue 1 p. 73-80 Original Article THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA.† 8 Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorDorothy E Culver, Dorothy E Culver Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorDorothy E Culver, Dorothy E Culver Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 1952 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1952.7Citations: 10 † This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume30, Issue1February 1952Pages 73-80 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

Animal diseases of public health significance.

Excerpt The relation of disease in animals and man has been recognized for thousands of years. The earliest observations were recorded by the Egyptian physicians who administered to the ills of ani...

Salmonella senftenberg pneumonia: report of a case.

Case Reports1 September 1951SALMONELLA SENFTENBERG PNEUMONIA: REPORT OF A CASEARTHUR BERNSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., LAWRENCE PERLMAN, M.D.ARTHUR BERNSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE PERLMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-35-3-721 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince the description ofSalmonella senftenbergin 1928 by Kauffmann,1the organism has been isolated in many outbreaks and has shown the ability to produce a wide variety of clinical manifestations. In 1946, Seligman and his co-workers2at the New York Salmonella Center recorded a series of 2,000 human infections, of which two were caused by the senftenberg type; in an earlier series of 1,000 cases, the same authors recorded nine senftenberg infections. Rubenstein et al.3observed 771 cases of salmonellosis between 1937 and 1945, and found seven due toS. senftenberg. Edwards et al.4identified 67 various types in...Bibliography1. Kauffmann F: Die Bakteriologie der Salmonella Gruppe, 1941, E. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 278-279. Google Scholar2. SeligmanSaphraWassermann EIM: Salmonella infections in the U. S. A. A second series of 2,000 human infections recorded by the New York Salmonella Center, J. Immunol. 54: 69, 1946. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. RubensteinFeemsterSmith ADRFHM: Salmonellosis as a public health problem in wartime, Am. J. Pub. Health 34: 841, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. EdwardsBrunerMoran PRDWAB: Further studies on the occurrence and distribution of salmonella types in the United States, J. Infect. Dis. 83: 220, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SachsAntine JW: Salmonella infection in man, Am. J. M. Sc. 208: 633, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Bullowa JG: Bacillus suipestifer (hog cholera) infection of the lung, M. Clin. North America 12: 691, 1928. Google Scholar7. LevinePlattner MGEB: Salmonella pneumonia, Am. J. Clin. Path. 14: 342, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. CohenFinkGray LHI: Salmonella suipestifer bacteremia with pericarditis, pneumonitis and pleural effusion (report of a case), J. A. M. A. 107: 331, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. D'AlboraIngegnoEdson JBAPJN: Outbreak of food poisoning due to Salmonella montevideo in an army hospital, J. A. M. A. 129: 10, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. Curphey TJ: Human salmonellosis due to Salmonella senftenberg , Am. J. Path. 22: 993, 1946. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication July 12, 1949.From the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Medicine; Cook County Hospital, and The Hektoen Institute for Medical Research, Chicago, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1951Volume 35, Issue 3Page: 721-728KeywordsBacteriologyBiochemistryHospital medicinePneumoniaSalmonellaSalmonellosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...

A new salmonella type (S. wagenia) from the Belgian Congo.

A new salmonella type (S. wagenia) from the Belgian Congo.

Lysogenicity as a tool for bacteriophage typing of Salmonella paratyphi B.

The serological identity of the phage produced by a spontaneously lysogenic strain ofS. paratyphi B depends on the bacterial type of that particular strain. The frequency of the phenomenon of spontaneous lysogenicity is such, in the case ofS. paratyphi B, that it can be utilised as a tool for typing. It is clear, however, that the possibilities of the method are limited. Firstly, types exist that do not as a rule produce bacteriophages. Secondly, alysogenic strains may exist of types that as a rule are lysogenic. Therefore the method can be utilised only together with, and as a check upon, a system of phage reactions. In Holland the types Kampen and Leeuwarden are frequent types, that can readily be recognised by the identity of the phages they produce. This is sufficient to justify the use of the method. The relation shown between true lysogenicity and bacterial types may be of theoretical interest. Perhaps it will be possible in this way to relate every existing phage to a bacterial type. The theoretical aspects will, however, be discussed elsewhere.

The occurrence of Salmonella types in Australia; two new salmonella types, S. morotai and S. ball.

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 28, Issue 4 p. 377-382 Original Article THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA† 7. TWO NEW SALMONELLA TYPES, S. MOROTAI AND S. BALL. Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1950 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1950.38Citations: 1 † This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume28, Issue4July 1950Pages 377-382 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

The occurrence of Salmonella types in Australia.

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 28, Issue 4 p. 367-376 Original Article THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA†. 6. Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1950 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1950.37Citations: 1 † This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume28, Issue4July 1950Pages 367-376 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

Salmonella in the mesenteric lymph nodes of healthy pigs

Of 503 healthy pigs the mesenteric lymph nodes as well as the feces were examined as to the presence ofSalmonella. In 14 animals (2.78%) the presence of these bacteria in the lymph nodes was established. The testing of all of the samples of feces gave negative results. The following types ofSalmonella were found:S. typhi murium (7 ×),S. dublin (4×),S. enteritidis (1 ×),S. newport (1 ×) andS. give (1 ×).

THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 27, Issue 6 p. 597-611 Original Article THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA† 5. SALMONELLA BLEGDAM Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorHelen Chibnall, Helen Chibnall Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorSuzanne Mander, Suzanne Mander Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorHelen Chibnall, Helen Chibnall Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorSuzanne Mander, Suzanne Mander Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and the Department of Bacteriology, University of AdelaideSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1949 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1949.59Citations: 1 † This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume27, Issue6November 1949Pages 597-611 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA. 2.

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 22, Issue 3 p. 201-204 Original Article THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA. 2. Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Working with a grant from the University of Adelaide.Search for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Working with a grant from the University of Adelaide.Search for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Working with a grant from the University of Adelaide.Search for more papers by this authorAM Macbeth, AM Macbeth Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Working with a grant from the University of Adelaide.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1944 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1944.27Citations: 10 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume22, Issue3September 1944Pages 201-204 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

A New Antigen of Salmonella

FOLLOWING the study of a new salmonella type (S. hormœchei : XXIX.Z30.—.) made by one of us (M.), which has a flagellar antigen not referred to before (Z30), we find it in S. ballerup (XXIX.(Vi). Z14.—.) and in other salmonella (LC54) isolated from Buenos Aires sewage; this new antigen has been named Z30.

THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA. 1

Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical ScienceVolume 22, Issue 1 p. 51-55 Original Article THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPES IN AUSTRALIA. 1 Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Working with a grant from the University of Adelaide.Search for more papers by this author Nancy Atkinson, Nancy Atkinson Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, AdelaideSearch for more papers by this authorGwendolyn M Woodroofe, Gwendolyn M Woodroofe Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Working with a grant from the University of Adelaide.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1944 https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1944.8Citations: 9 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume22, Issue1March 1944Pages 51-55 Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology RelatedInformation

A New Salmonella Type: Salmonella mississippi

SummaryA new SalMonella type which was isolated from the stool specimen of a normal food handler was described. The organism was designated as S. mississippi and was assigned the antigenic formula I, XIII, XXIII…:b-1, 5…

Comentario ao esquema de classificação das Salmonellas de Kauffmann-White

The classification of salmonellae in accordance with the Kauffmann-White schema accepted by the presents various inconveniences and difficulties to application. Among these is the necessity of preparing, dosing and preserving a considerable number of specific sera whose validity as is well known, is limited. The criterion of Kauffmann’s classification is exclusively, for it abandoned cultural tests, leaving therefore only a unilateral criterion. By following it one might include Chromobacterium typhi-flavum in the Salmonella genus as well as other bacteria which differ completely from the Salmonella, as long as they are antigenically related. On the other hand, the chart approximates or separates in the different groups of antigen O species or types of salmonellae which are biologically close or almost indistinguishable. The chart has given rise to an excessive number of species and lypes of salmonellae which from 44 in the chart approved by the in 1934 rose ro 60 in Bergey’s Manual and everything leads one to believe that the end is not yet for every day new lypes or species are found. And perforce this must be so for new antigenic factors have been found which give rise to new structural combinations. Applying the formula of combinations (formule) to the factors already known, there are probable possibilities of having 260 different antigenic combinations in group A, or 3260 lypes or species if all the flagellate antigens of the other groups should be found, in it combined 2 and 2. Futher applying the formula of combinations to the other groups there would be possibility of so many combinations that the number of salmonellae would exceed the number of known bacterian species or perhaps the number of those existing on earth. Undoubledly Kauffmann-White’s chart is an improvement, but the bacterian analysis made with it was exaggerated and exceeded the limit of the present possibilities of the realities of life. It revealed interesting aspects of the somatic complexity of bacteria but seems untenable because of its use in pratical sense.