Typical Choice Research Articles

Coupled neutronic-thermal-mechanical simulation of the KRUSTY heat pipe microreactor

Multiphysics analysis has become a common technique for nuclear reactor design validation, with neutronic-thermal analysis being the typical choice for understanding reactor dynamics. The concept of adding mechanical simulation such as thermal expansion to this coupling is still relatively new, however, and presents many computational challenges. While large reactors see relatively little neutronic impact from thermal expansion and may not warrant the challenge of undertaking this level of coupling, recent studies of microreactor geometries show that smaller reactors see larger impacts from thermal expansion. This work performs coupled neutronic-thermal-mechanical simulation of the Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling TechnologY (KRUSTY) using OpenMC and Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment in order to analyze the neutronic and thermal impact of including thermal expansion at steady state. The results show that while thermal expansion has a significant effect on global neutronic tallies, it has relatively minor impact on spatial heating rates or temperatures in the system. This remains true even when simulating a multiple heat pipe failure scenario to introduce thermal asymmetry.

Overvotes, Overranks, and Skips: Mismarked and Rejected Votes in Ranked Choice Voting

Abstract Voters express their electoral preferences through their ballot. More states and local jurisdictions are adopting ranked choice voting (RCV), which affects how voter preferences are translated into electoral results by introducing a more complex ranked ballot and accompanying tabulation process. This research provides empirical estimates of rates of improper marking and vote rejection, and compares them to those rates on non-ranked offices (particularly single-mark, ‘choose-one-candidate’ offices). We describe a new, general typology for categorizing the ways voters can improperly mark a ranked ballot. We apply this typology to a database of ranked choice ballots that includes 3 million cast vote records representing over three-quarters of all Americans living in a jurisdiction that uses RCV. The data show that in a typical ranked choice race, nearly 1 in 20 (4.8%) voters improperly mark their ballot in at least one way. We argue that these improper marks are consistent with voter confusion about their ranked ballot, and find evidence that this mismarking rate is higher in areas with more racial minorities, lower-income households, and lower levels of educational attainment. We further find that votes in ranked choice races are about 10 times more likely to be rejected due to an improper mark than votes in non-ranked choice races. These findings raise key questions about voter participation and representation in ranked choice systems and have important policy implications for jurisdictions that already have or are considering adopting ranked choice voting.

OPTIMALISASI DESTINASI WISATA KALIMAS MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN FASILITAS PUJASERA

The Kalimas River tourist destination in Surabaya has great potential to be developed as a leading tourist destination in Surabaya. This research aims to identify the role of developing food court facilities in optimizing the Kalimas River tourist destination in Surabaya. The research method used is a mixed method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The research results show that the development of food court facilities contributes significantly to increasing tourist attraction, visitor satisfaction and regional income. With adequate food court facilities, tourists can enjoy a variety of typical culinary choices that support a more complete and satisfying tourism experience. This research is an in-depth analysis of the influence of food court facilities on river tourism destinations, which has not been widely studied in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to test the potential for the development of Pujasera as a strategy to optimize tourism destinations on the Kalimas River in Surabaya. The research results show that well-integrated food facilities will improve tourist attractions, extend the length of tours, and promote the economy of the surrounding community. These findings are expected to be a reference for tourism destination producers and political-manager decisions in facility design that supports tourism sustainability.

Clinical significance of preoperative Glasgow prognostic score in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous peritoneal metastases

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy is the typical choice for treating colorectal cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases. Nonetheless, surgical resection may be chosen if the metastases are resectable. Unfortunately, there is no reliable preoperative or intraoperative prognostic indicator. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the preoperative Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous peritoneal metastases.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study on 143 patients with colorectal cancer and concurrent peritoneal metastases. Our analysis included prognostic factors, such as the GPS, using data from the institutional observational study by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.ResultsThe 3‐year survival rates for the GPS0 or 1 and GPS2 groups were 32.7% and 14.3%, respectively, with a significantly worse prognosis in the GPS2 group (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis identified GPS2 (p = 0.006) and the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) (p = 0.029) or the Japanese surgical peritoneal metastasis grade (p = 0.009) as independent poor prognostic factors. Additionally, the GPS0 or 1 group with total resection of peritoneal metastases had a significantly better prognosis than the non‐resection group (p < 0.001); however, there was no difference between the GPS2 group with total peritoneal resection and the non‐resection group (p = 0.713).ConclusionsPreoperative GPS2 is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous peritoneal metastases, and surgical resection does not improve prognosis in patients with GPS2. Preoperative GPSs may be used as indicators for surgical resection of synchronous peritoneal metastases.

Practices and attitudes of adult psychiatrists regarding methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder: an internet based survey conducted in Turkey

BackgroundMany variables may affect approaches of psychiatrists to methamphetamine-associated psychotic disorder (MAP) treatment. This study was aimed to reach adult psychiatrists actively practicing in Turkey through an internet-based survey and to determine their practices and attitudes to MAP treatment.MethodsIn this internet-based study, participants were divided into three groups based on their answers: Those who do not follow-up any MAP patient were group 1 (n = 78), partially involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP were group 2 (n = 128), completely involved in the treatment process of at least one patient diagnosed with MAP were group 3 (n = 202).ResultsPsychotropic preferences in insomnia (p < 0.001), typical oral antipsychotic choice (p < 0.001), preferred doses of olanzapine/risperidone/aripiprazole/amisulpride for maintenance treatment (p < 0.001), long-acting injectable antipsychotic use practices (p < 0.001), non-antipsychotic psychotropic use characteristics (p < 0.001), extrapyramidal system side effect experiences (p < 0.001), delirium and life-threatening situations encounter rates (p < 0.001) were significantly different between group 2 and group 3. While the duration of maintenance with antipsychotics in the first MAP episode was similar between group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.254), it was different in the second and subsequent MAP episodes (p < 0.05). A binary logistic regression model containing the experiences of long-acting injectable antipsychotic use, extrapyramidal system side effect, and delirium was created (overall p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.435; Hosmer and Lemeshow test p = 0.203).ConclusionsThis first study in the field, which examines the current issue in detail, reveals that there are many factors that seriously affect psychiatrists' approaches to MAP treatment in Turkey.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fırat University (Date: 14/09/2023; Number: 2023/12–12).

Voluntary Activities of Student Youth in Condition of Modern Russian Society

Introduction. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the presence of a sustainable institutional request of the authorities and the public sector regarding the development of youth civic potential. However, young people demonstrate an inert format of mobilisation of social activity resources. The aim of the study is to analyse the dynamic environment of student volunteer activity. Young people’s choices and evaluations of the content, scope and variety of voluntary activities shows obvious vectors of typical choice, resource uniqueness, and also demonstrates examples of a number of typological regional areas and topics. Materials and Methods. The study used a systems approach and structural-functional analysis in order to substantiate the issue of regional student volunteering. . The basis for the analysis was the results of the authors’ own research on the topic: “Volunteer activity of student youth in Kuzbass” (n = 715), conducted in 2023–2024, reports on the implementation of volunteer projects in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass for 2022. Results. The implementation of volunteer activities in the region can be carried out in a consolidated manner or have multidirectional vectors for applying the activity and resource potential of student youth. The conditions of socio-political communication determine a certain dynamics, intensity, and temporality of volunteer activities. Analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey among young people revealed a contradiction: respondents offer recommendations for practical improvement in the organization of volunteer activities, but find it difficult to identify the subjects of implementation of these changes. Discussion and Conclusion. Student volunteering is defined as an interaction that is built in the form of interactive multifunctional relationships, when the interests of the parties involved are interconnected in a combination of requests from the drivers of volunteering, stakeholders and experts, as well as the performers of the volunteer role themselves. The results obtained are of practical significance for volunteer organizers, regional supervisors, authorities, directly to regional volunteer communities and young people.

Effects of the kinematic variable, time delay and data length on test-retest reliability of the maximal Lyapunov exponent of human walking.

The maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) has been used to quantify the dynamic stability of human locomotion. The method for estimating MLE requires selecting a proper time series of kinematic variables and reconstructing phase space using proper time delay. The data length also affects the reliability of the measured MLE. However, there has been no criterion for the choice of the time series, time delay or data length. Here, we quantified the effect of these factors on the test-retest reliability of MLE estimations. We recruited 15 young and healthy adults and let them walk on a treadmill three times. We calculated MLE employing various lengths of time series of 18 frequently used kinematic variables and two typical choices of time delay: fixed delay and delay selected by average mutual information algorithm. Then, we measured the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the measured MLE under each condition. Our results show that the choice of time delay does not affect reliability. Five among the 18 kinematic variables enabled excellent reliability with ICC above 0.9 within 450 strides and also enabled ICC above 0.75 even with 60 or less strides. These findings can contribute to establishing the criteria for measuring the dynamic stability of human walking.

Exploiting Non-Abelian Point-Group Symmetry to Estimate the Exact Ground-State Correlation Energy of Benzene in a Polarized Split-Valence Triple-Zeta Basis Set.

Local electronic-structure methods in quantum chemistry operate on the ability to compress electron correlations more efficiently in a basis of spatially localized molecular orbitals than in a parent set of canonical orbitals. However, many typical choices of localized orbitals tend to be related by selected, near-exact symmetry operations whenever a molecule belongs to a point group, a feature which remains largely unexploited in most local correlation methods. The present Letter demonstrates how to leverage a recent unitary protocol for enforcing symmetry properties among localized orbitals to yield a high-accuracy estimate of the exact ground-state correlation energy of benzene (D6h) in correlation-consistent polarized basis sets of both double- and triple-ζ quality. Through an initial application to many-body expanded full configuration interaction (MBE-FCI) theory, we show how molecular point-group symmetry can lead to computational savings that are inversely proportional to the order of the point group in a manner generally applicable to the acceleration of modern local correlation methods.

Dijet spectrum in nonlocal and asymptotically nonlocal theories

Asymptotically nonlocal field theories approximate ghost-free nonlocal theories at low energies, yet are theories of finite order in the number of derivatives. These theories have an emergent nonlocal scale that regulates loop diagrams and can provide a solution to the hierarchy problem. Asymptotic nonlocality has been studied previously in scalar theories, Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories with complex scalars, and linearized gravity. Here we extend that work by considering an asymptotically nonlocal generalization of QCD, which can be used for realistic phenomenological investigations. In particular, we derive Feynman rules relevant for the study of the production of dijets at hadron colliders and compute the parton-level cross sections at leading order. We use these to determine a bound on the scale of new physics from Large Hadron Collider data, both for a typical choice of model parameters, and in the nonlocal limit. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Modeling correlated uncertainties in stochastic compartmental models

Modeling correlated uncertainties in stochastic compartmental models

Energy Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Network Using Various Radios

Abstract&#x0D; Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) promote continuous and low-cost health monitoring for a better healthcare system. Sensors connected to a human body are normally battery powered devices with brief life times. IEEE 802.15.6 standard is the typical choice for low power ingestion and reliable short-range communication for WBSNs. In this paper, we have evaluated the performance of IEEE 802.15.6 standard for WBSNs. Our tests examined three radios while varying their transmission power and data rates. The results show that altering these parameters affected the number of packets delivered and overall system energy consumption. The effects are demonstrated using Omnet++ simulator and its Castalia extension for WBANs.

Perspective of Created Value in Consumer Choice: Comparison of Economic and Ecological Dimensions

This paper aims to identify and categorize the factors influencing consumer goods’ value into ecological and economic dimensions and subsequently compare them. The analysis employs the Allegro Reviews (AR) dataset, comprising post-purchase product reviews, with a focus on a sample of 1,400 randomly selected reviews from a pool of 10,615 comments. Through this examination, distinct influencing factors are identified, categorized as either ecological or economic, and their frequency of reference in online reviews was compared. The research findings show that consumers consistently address economic dimensions in their reviews. Notably, emphasis is placed on goods’ quality, pricing, and the price-quality relationship. On the other hand, ecological aspects receive limited attention in reviews, suggesting their lesser significance to consumers compared to economic considerations. This study’s implications for theory and practice indicate that companies should prioritize economic aspects in their value creation endeavors, relegating ecological factors to a secondary role. However, from a global standpoint, enterprises must incorporate ecological dimensions during the value creation process to avert environmental degradation, which could otherwise undermine overall societal quality of life. In terms of originality and value, this research diverges from typical consumer choice studies that rely on questionnaires. Instead, it analyzes actual post-purchase product reviews, providing insights into tangible elements contributing to goods’ value, thus bypassing reliance on mere declarations. JEL Classification: D11, D12, L25, L26.

Особливості стратегій емоційної саморегуляції майбутніх учителів в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій

The article clarifies the specifics of the emotional regulation strategy of future teachers in emergency situations. It reveals the essence of emotional self-regulation as a factor of emotional competence of the future teacher, its functions are defined, the importance of its formation and development during professional training is substantiated. The essence of understanding the concept of "emergency situation" is determined. It was found that modern realities make new demands on the teacher's professionalism regarding the ability to create a safe and comfortable educational environment in emergency situations. The teacher must be able to stabilize his own emotional state before caring for the psycho-emotional state of students, all this requires the individual to make certain cognitive efforts, that is, to use certain self-regulation strategies. Emotional self-regulation strategies are understood as a process aimed at managing one's emotional states and controlling them. It was determined that this process is characterized by features of control over emotions, intensity and frequency of use of certain styles of protection against affective situations. It was established that the development of the ability to emotional self-regulation is one of the indicators of the readiness of future teachers to effectively perform professional tasks in emergency situations. It has been empirically determined that there is a difference in the choice of emotional regulation strategies between girls and boys who are future teachers. For girls, a typical choice in a stressful situation is cognitive re-evaluation, acceptance, rumination, perspective, while boys choose suppression of expression. Factor analysis made it possible to state that girls most often choose cognitive regulation in the process of emotional self-regulation, while boys choose emotional dysregulation. The obtained results must be taken into account when developing psychocorrective programs

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТРАТЕГІЙ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ САМОРЕГУЛЯЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ В УМОВАХ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ

The article clarifies the specifics of the emotional regulation strategy of future teachers in emergency situations. It reveals the essence of emotional self-regulation as a factor of emotional competence of the future teacher, its functions are defined, the importance of its formation and development during professional training is substantiated. The essence of understanding the concept of "emergency situation" is determined. It was found that modern realities make new demands on the teacher's professionalism regarding the ability to create a safe and comfortable educational environment in emergency situations. The teacher must be able to stabilize his own emotional state before caring for the psycho-emotional state of students, all this requires the individual to make certain cognitive efforts, that is, to use certain self-regulation strategies. Emotional self-regulation strategies are understood as a process aimed at managing one's emotional states and controlling them. It was determined that this process is characterized by features of control over emotions, intensity and frequency of use of certain styles of protection against affective situations. It was established that the development of the ability to emotional self-regulation is one of the indicators of the readiness of future teachers to effectively perform professional tasks in emergency situations. It has been empirically determined that there is a difference in the choice of emotional regulation strategies between girls and boys who are future teachers. For girls, a typical choice in a stressful situation is cognitive re-evaluation, acceptance, rumination, perspective, while boys choose suppression of expression. Factor analysis made it possible to state that girls most often choose cognitive regulation in the process of emotional self-regulation, while boys choose emotional dysregulation. The obtained results must be taken into account when developing psychocorrective programs.

Mutual Interference Mitigation for Automotive FMCW Radar With Time and Frequency Domain Decomposition

Currently, the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) millimeter-wave (MMW) radar is a typical choice for automotive and transportation radar systems. As the number of FMCW radars explodes in the current vehicle market and the working frequency is limited in an open window of 76–81 GHz, FMCW radars on the road easily mutually interfere with each other, especially due to their wide bandwidth. Hence, in this article, we rigorously analyze the target echo, i.e., the beat signal, especially the sparsity of the interference signal in the time domain, and the row sparsity of the useful echo signal in the frequency domain. By taking advantage of this feature, we design an interference mitigation optimization problem to extract the target echoes with a row-sparse constraint. A closed-form solution is given in each iteration with specific derivations. Finally, numerical simulations and multiple practical scenes are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Potential of Mean Force of Short‐Chain Surface Adsorption using Non‐Uniform Sampling Windows for Optimal Computational Efficiency

AbstractFree energy calculation in molecular simulation is an computationally expensive process. Umbrella sampling (US) is a go‐to method for obtaining the potential of mean force (PMF) along a reaction coordinate. Its computational cost increases drastically as the molecular system gets more complex. For many polymeric and biomolecular systems, adequately sampling all configurational degrees of freedom is computationally prohibitive. Using the adsorption of a short‐chain methylcellulose on a cellulose crystalline surface as the test case, this study shows that the sampling time required for reliable results is much higher than typical choices made in the literature. The accuracy of the PMF profile is strongly affected by sampling inadequacy in a few regions along the reaction coordinate. Non‐uniform windows and sampling parameters are proposed to enhance the sampling in difficult regions. Sampling windows that vary with the local PMF steepness are allocated with a new algorithm. Parameters in this algorithm are optimized for the best sampling efficiency. It is demonstrated that significantly less computer time will be required to achieve the same sampling accuracy if computational resources are optimally distributed along the reaction coordinate.

Soft Quantization Using Entropic Regularization.

The quantization problem aims to find the best possible approximation of probability measures on Rd using finite and discrete measures. The Wasserstein distance is a typical choice to measure the quality of the approximation. This contribution investigates the properties and robustness of the entropy-regularized quantization problem, which relaxes the standard quantization problem. The proposed approximation technique naturally adopts the softmin function, which is well known for its robustness from both theoretical and practicability standpoints. Moreover, we use the entropy-regularized Wasserstein distance to evaluate the quality of the soft quantization problem's approximation, and we implement a stochastic gradient approach to achieve the optimal solutions. The control parameter in our proposed method allows for the adjustment of the optimization problem's difficulty level, providing significant advantages when dealing with exceptionally challenging problems of interest. As well, this contribution empirically illustrates the performance of the method in various expositions.

Nanoengineering of metal-based electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction: A critical review

Nanoengineering of metal-based electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction: A critical review

On the dimension of planar self-affine sets with non-invertible maps

In this paper, we study the dimension of planar self-affine sets, of which generating iterated function system (IFS) contains non-invertible affine mappings. We show that under a certain separation condition the dimension equals to the affinity dimension for a typical choice of the linear-parts of the non-invertible mappings, furthermore, we show that the dimension is strictly smaller than the affinity dimension for certain choices of parameters.

Optimal design for reliability improvement experiments with a non-constant scale parameter

ABSTRACT Traditionally, when planning reliability improvement experiments, the orthogonal design with equal sample allocation has been the typical choice. However, it is often found that both the scale parameter and the shape parameter of lifetime distributions vary across experimental factors, rendering the conventional approach unsuitable for such scenarios. In this article, we introduce a new approach named the ‘optimal design’ for planning such experiments. The D-optimality criterion is adopted to reduce the censoring issue as much as possible and thus to improve accuracy in estimating product lifetime. Our design strategy breaks down the problem into two essential subprocesses: sample allocation and determination of treatment combinations. To arrive at the best possible solution, we have devised an iterative algorithm that efficiently identifies the optimal solution. Through a case study on a real-world example, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology is highly effective in improving both the accuracy of estimations and the efficiency of experiments.