Types Of Testing Techniques Research Articles

Prediction of lateral swelling pressure behind retaining structure with expansive soil as backfill

Lateral swelling pressure (LSP) develops in expansive soil when the volume expansion associated with water infiltration is restrained in the horizontal direction due to a rigid infrastructure. Various types of testing techniques, used to determine the LSP from both laboratory and field studies, are critically reviewed by focusing on two key factors, namely, the boundary conditions and the saturation path. Most testing techniques are capable of reasonably simulating the stress state of a soil element behind a retaining structure by applying a fixed boundary condition in the horizontal direction and a stress boundary condition in the vertical direction. However, they are only used to determine the LSP following a simple path, which is from an initially unsaturated state to a fully saturated state. In other words, these tests fail to provide information on the variation in LSP with respect to changes in the degree of saturation, the water content or the matric suction during the infiltration process. Furthermore, the literature review suggests that a reliable model for the prediction of the LSP during the infiltration process is not available. For this reason, a model is proposed in this paper to estimate the lateral earth pressure (LEP) considering the variation in LSP behind fixed rigid retaining structures with respect to the matric suction during the infiltration process. The proposed model is simple and only requires information, which includes the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and a limited number of soil properties. Data from one large-scale model test and two field case studies from published literature are used to illustrate and verify the proposed model. Reasonable comparisons are made between the predictions and the measured data. The proposed model will be a valuable tool for use in conventional engineering practice for the quick prediction of the increasing LEP behind retaining structures with expansive soils as backfill due to the development of LSP associated with water infiltration.

Software Test Process, Testing Types and Techniques

Software testing is the most critical phase of the Software Development Life Cycle. Software under test goes through various phases, which as per the study are test analysis; test planning, test case/data/environment preparation, test execution, bug logging and tracking and closure. There is lot of research which has been done in past to optimize overall testing process with intent of improving quality of software in a minimum amount of time. After evaluating all available testing processes it has been found that different development models are used for different types of applications and different testing techniques are performed to test the same. Based on the research during the study of this paper, it has been analyzed that each company modifies their testing process as per the needs and performs testing based on the criticality of the applications. The most critical components of each application have to be tested thoroughly to ensure their functional, performance and security features are behaving as expected. This paper talks about ensuring the quality of all types of software applications by performing certain types of testing techniques and optimized software testing processes. As per the study and research done testing types can be categorized under three major testing techniques which are Functional, Performance and Security Testing and major software testing process called as Analysis, Preparation and Execution and closure.

Analysis of various testing techniques

Testing is the process of exercising a program with the explicit goal of detecting errors prior to delivery to the end user. There are a variety of testing techniques available. They are broadly classified into black box techniques and white box testing techniques. Strategies for black box testing are based on the specification of the software component under test. Tests developed using the black box techniques detect errors against the functional requirements of software. On the other hand strategies for white box testing are based on the internal logic of software components. White box test suites are derived from the source code of the software component under test. This paper aims to study various testing techniques and their comparative analysis. The first section of the paper is a qualitative description of various White box and black box testing techniques. The second section of the paper uses C programs to demonstrate the process of testing used by different testing techniques. The paper uses ten C programs for testing. Two cases are used as illustrations in the second section of the paper. The paper presents the results of testing different programs of varying complexity using seven types of testing techniques. The last section presents a comparative analysis of various testing techniques on different parameters and their results.

Analysis of strain rate behavior of an Al 6061 T6 alloy

In order to simulate complex scenario like ballistic impact, correct material calibration is fundamental. The material in the area involved by impact can experience high deformation and damage in a very limited time. As a consequence dynamic tests on the materials are needed in order to calibrate constitutive law able to describe the material behavior in terms of hardening and in particular strain rate. According to the fact that no guidelines are available on testing methods, different types of testing techniques have been used to generate data under dynamic conditions. Several dynamic tests, are carried out on Al 6061 T6 specimens and the experimental data elaborated. The developed procedure is useful to take into account also the thermal phenomena generally affecting high strain-rate tests due to the adiabatic overheating related to the conversion of plastic work. The method presented requires strong effort both from experimental and numerical point of view; anyway it allows to precisely identifying the parameters of a material models. This could provide great advantages when high reliability of the material behavior is necessary.

How Should Wells Be Prepped for Summer Use?

This month's column focuses on preparing wells for peak summer season use. It is recommended to perform well equipment inspections, maintenance, static water level measurements, and water quality analysis prior to the startup and operation of seasonal wells. Several different types of testing techniques are discussed that include water quality, well equipment, water level, and startup.