Types Of Innovation Activities Research Articles

Human Capital Structure and Innovation Efficiency Under Technological Progress: Evidence from China

This paper innovatively defines the structure of human capital based on existing theories and use the heterogeneous stochastic frontier model to test the relationship between various types of human capital and innovation. It is found that with the progress of technology, the structure of human capital and the mechanism of promoting innovation have undergone profound changes. Together with commercial leasing human capital, financial human capital, and entrepreneurs, information human capital and transportation human capital participate in innovation activities and create a new collaborative space, which in turn helps to spread the value of innovation and influence the effectiveness of the entire innovation system. This study enriches the theoretical research on the mechanism of human capital promoting innovation in the information age and provides new insight to explain the imbalance between human capital input and innovation output. Based on the theory of innovation chain value and flow space, this study redefines the connotation of innovative human capital structure by distinguishing the nature of innovation activities. This study also reveals the difference in the influence of human capital structure on different types of innovation activities. This study partly explains the problem of increasing human capital input but decreasing innovation efficiency in developing countries. Therefore, from a macro perspective, our research provides guidance for understanding the transformation of innovation under the background of technological progress and formulating effective urban innovation strategies for managers.

Knowledge investment and search for innovation: evidence from the UK firms

Recent research on innovation management and knowledge transfer has demonstrated that industry knowledge collaboration and knowledge spillovers matter for innovation, but so does a firm's Research and Development (R&D). Conditional to a firm's R&D investment, this study makes a theoretical investigation into the role of two knowledge transfer strategies—industry coopetition and industry knowledge spillovers for a firm's innovation. Based on an analysis of a sample of 17,859 UK firms from 2002 to 2014, we demonstrated why and under what conditions firms will (a) invest in internal R&D, (b) engage in coopetition, and (c) access knowledge spillovers to introduce new to firm (incremental innovation) and new to market products (radical innovation). The results of this study demonstrate that firm managers who choose knowledge spillovers versus coopetition are likely to achieve radical vis-à-vis incremental innovation. Benefits from the coopetition can be achieved with low investment in R&D, while R&D is essential in recognizing the knowledge spillover for radical innovation. By deciding whether to deploy its costly R&D and access external knowledge via industry coopetition or spillovers, the firm is also making a concomitant decision about the type of innovative activity it will generate. Thus, a firm strategy for knowledge transfer and investing in knowledge internally is inextricably linked to a firm strategy involving the type of innovative output.

Innovation activity of Slovak ICT SMEs

Research background: The innovation process is a key factor when creating and maintaining competitiveness, so the SME sector has to address a special attention to it. Examining the impact of corporate co-operation on innovation activity has to be mentioned as a crucial goal. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the research is to assess the innovative activity of the SMEs operating in ICT sector, and to map the distribution between the innovative and non-innovative businesses. The article's purpose was to outline the most recent developments in Slovakia's ICT industry with regard to SME innovation. The empirical study concentrated on the types of innovation, variables that encourage and discourage innovation, and the innovation activity of SMEs in the ICT sector. Methods: In accordance with the main goal of the research, descriptive statistical methods, i.e. unweighted and weighted arithmetic mean were used to analyze the research hypothesis. A questionnaire research study was carried out between September 2021 and February 2022 in Slovak ICT SMEs. Findings & Value added: Significant differences can be determined between the innovative and non-innovative ICT companies in terms of innovation. The majority of SMEs implemented both technological and non-technological innovations. A small number of SMEs failed to implement either type. A significant portion focused on technological innovations, with the majority successfully implementing them, and over half of them introduced non-technological innovations between 2018 and 2020. Over 75% of the companies felt they were more innovative than their competitors. More than 67% of non-innovative SMEs saw themselves as less innovative than their competitors. 92% of innovative SMES implemented both technological and non-technological innovations. 51% implemented technological innovations. 56.41% innovative SMEs implemented 3 to 5 types of innovation activities, while 38.46% implemented 6 to 7 types. Only 5.13% implemented all 9 types of innovation activities considered. 38% of innovative SMEs spent the most on research and development, 33% allocated highest expenditure to machinery and equipment. In case of supporting SMEs in innovation activities, three market players received above-average ratings: customers and consumers, suppliers of raw materials and piece parts and the group of companies.

The Effect of Patent Rights on Innovation of The Technology Industry in Indonesia

Advances in technology have a significant impact on the development of today's industry. As is well known, the world is currently trying to develop the concept of the Industrial Revolution 5.0. Technological developments are directed at increasing the quality of mastery and utilization of technology in order to support the transformation of the national economy towards an economy based on competitive advantage. The role of technology is a major concern in developed countries in responding to the problems of nation building and increasing economic growth. In various developed countries, economic policies and technological policies are increasingly integrated and harmonized to increase national competitiveness. The higher the innovation competence in a country is evidenced by the large percentage of the number of patents produced. Innovation competence signifies the implementation of research and development (R&D) activities involving the interaction of elements of the innovation system (universities, R&D institutions, and industry) in the country concerned. Examining patent instruments, both primary and secondary aspects are inseparable from the type of innovation activity. In its nature, innovation is more incremental and various innovations are closely related in producing a product that has economic value, innovators prefer patents as a secondary tool. It is shown that patented instruments play a role in promoting diffusion activity.

We are different and yet the same: the role of CEOs’ regulatory focus and attention in SMEs’ innovation orientation preferences

PurposeDrawing upon upper echelon, regulatory focus and attention theories and focusing on SMEs, the purpose of this paper is to answer questions on how the motivational disposition (promotion vs. prevention regulatory focus) of CEOs affects their information search patterns (i.e. search selection and intensity) and consequently organizational level engagement in different types of innovation activities (exploration vs. exploitation).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative study was conducted collecting data from the CEOs of SMEs operating in the dynamic wine and spirits industry in Greece. The data were collected in two independent time streams and the proposed theoretical model was tested by applying OLS regression analysis.FindingsThe current research provides evidence that differences in CEOs’ level of promotion and prevention focus trigger different information search selection and search intensity patterns. Nonetheless, the attention to innovation components act as mediators only in the hypothesized relationships between a CEO's level of prevention and promotion focus and exploration. Paradoxically, filtered through attention to innovation and triggered from the same motive, that is to reduce negative emotions, promotion focus CEOs choose to direct resources to exploitation and avoid investing in exploration, whilst the opposite was supported for prevention focus CEOs.Practical implicationsThe results highlight the important role of a CEO's regulatory focus orientation in promoting diverse attention to innovation patterns and firm-level innovation tendencies towards exploration and/or exploitation.Originality/valueThis study's contributions extend and combine the theories of regulatory focus, UET and attention in the field of managerial/entrepreneurship behavior and innovation. Therefore, they are valuable for understanding the determinants of firm-level innovation choices (exploration vs. exploitation) in SMEs.

CREATION OF ECOLOGISTIC ENTERPRISES OF THE FOOD AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN WESTERN UKRAINE

The expediency, need and stages of the development of environmental science as a type of innovative activity, the purpose of which is to preserve the environment and environmental ecology, are analyzed. As an example, the effectiveness of the step-by-step introduction of ecological activities is illustrated at the processing and food industry enterprises of Western Ukraine. It has been proven that the formation of effective ecological activities cannot be done without the proper assistance of local self-government bodies and state authorities. It has been proven that with the thoughtful guidance and assistance of local self-government bodies, the processing of organic waste can be economically beneficial both for producers of food and processing industries, and for residents of local communities. The following are proposed as the main stages of implementation of effective ecological activities on the territory of local communities: – construction of regional power plants and energy installations for the production of electricity by burning biogas; – purchase and efficient operation of equipment for processing organic waste into biogas; – establishment of operational collection, sorting and processing of industrial waste; – strict control over the inadmissibility of violations by producers of sanitary and hygienic norms and requirements for waste water and waste disposal. It was noted that for the effective integration of ecology into the economy of the state through the creation of ecological enterprises, the legislative implementation of an effective environmental strategy is necessary, which will be the main competitive advantage of the enterprise in modern business conditions.

The Role of Regional Intangible Assets for the Innovation Activity of Enterprises: The case of Polish Regions

Innovative enterprises may undertake innovation activity in the form of research and development (R&D) or the acquisition of already developed technology (imitative innovation). Both types of innovation may influence economic growth or catching-up processes in different ways. Therefore, in the research presented, various types of innovation activity are analysed based on Community Innovation Survey data. The question is how the regional environment, characterised based on the data on intangible assets, affects R&D activity and the acquisition of machinery and software. The analysis was conducted for the years 2004–2014 in 16 Polish regions. Intangible assets were measured using the intellectual capital index. Panel data econometric models were applied to test the relations between various types of innovation activity and intangible assets in the regions. Human capital was found to be positively related to internal and external R&D activity. Life-long learning (one of the human capital indicators) was found to be positively related to the acquisition of machinery and software. Structural capital was found to be positively related to internal and external R&D activity.

ВЕКТОР ИННОВАЦИОННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article discusses the need to create new knowledge of the staff and its constant retraining for the implementation of innovative activities of the organization at all levels of management. The importance of the creation of social and technological innovations in the context of the application of organizational and managerial innovations that cause an increase in labor productivity on the basis of the implementation of domestic digital technologies that determine the intellectual production in industries is substantiated. The necessity of innovative thinking of managers in all types of innovation activity taking into account the cyclical development of society in the context of the innovative cycle of formation of a new model of the economy is revealed.

Innovation and skill premium

ABSTRACT The relationship between innovation and skill premium is analysed on a panel of 12 countries for a 16-year span (2000–2015). According to a Schumpeterian view, a non-linear relationship between innovation and skill premium is found showing a threshold effect that reverses the relationship for relatively high levels of innovative activity. Moreover, the relationships change from convex to concave when variables representing different types of innovative activity are considered. In fact, with R&D a positive relationship with skill premium reverses once a threshold is exceeded, while the opposite holds for patents, for which the relationship is initially negative and then becomes positive. We argue that this is due to the different degrees of appropriability of the knowledge produced by innovators with these activities. We then show how to exploit these different patterns to provide a truly innovation-based analysis of the patterns of skill premium for the United States, France, Germany and Great Britain.

Promoting innovations in SMEs - findings from Kenya

This paper looks closely at the relationship existing between entrepreneurial activity, innovations and the development of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Most SMEs result from implementing the entrepreneurial spirit, through which the entrepreneurs’ activity which is conducted in different domains. One of the most important aspect is the innovation in SMEs as an indicator of the entrepreneurial activity, on the one hand and as a contributor to the organization’s performance, on the other hand. This study therefore analyses the SMEs innovation activity over a period of time as an indication of entrepreneurship evolvement and manifested in Kenya as an East African country that integrated relatively recently into the East African Community Common market (EAC). The paper envisages looking at how innovations in SMEs from Kenya have evolved in the period 2010 to date. The innovative activities in SMEs are examined from a dynamic perspective and the analysis is based on the study of a number of aspects related to innovations, such as: types of innovative activities, investments in innovations, the intensity of renewing the existing products, the use of IT, the use of the Internet, etc. Based on these findings, the paper attempts to characterize the innovative activities in Kenyan SMEs and their evolution in time with emphasis on the recent times.

How innovation types affect users' continuous knowledge sharing intention: a self-determination perspective

PurposeThis research aims to investigate the effects of innovation types (exploratory innovation vs. exploitative innovation) on users' psychological perceptions (perceived self-improvement and prosocial impact) and continuous knowledge sharing intention and the moderating effects of monetary incentives.Design/methodology/approachThe research model was developed based on the self-determination theory. A two-study approach involving an online survey (n = 338) and an online experiment (n = 160) was employed to collect quantitative data. Structural equation modeling and variance analysis were adapted to analyze the data.FindingsThe results show that exploratory innovation leads to higher perceived self-improvement among users than exploitative innovation, whereas exploitative innovation leads to higher perceived prosocial impact than exploratory innovation. The perceived self-improvement and perceived prosocial impact positively affects users' continuous knowledge sharing intention. Monetary incentives moderate the relationships among perceived self-improvement, perceived prosocial impact and continuous knowledge sharing intention.Originality/valueThis research highlights the role of users' experience of initial participation in forming continuous knowledge sharing intentions and also reveals the effectiveness of monetary incentives in different types of innovation activities. The findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the antecedents of users' continuous knowledge sharing behavior, offering new insights and recommendations for managerial practitioners.

ВИТОКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ КАФЕДРИ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ БІОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕТОДИКИ НАВЧАННЯ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН У СИСТЕМІ «ЗВО-ШКОЛА» (до 50-річчя кафедри)

The article identifies and characterizes two strategic factors that influenced the formation of the Department of General Biology and Methodology of Teaching Natural Sciences as a holistic open self-regulatory system. In particular, an important factor was the organizational and methodological as well as research activities of the heads of the department, I. V. Shust, A. V. Tsarenko, V. V. Hrubinko, who contributed to the formation of a new generation of scientists and lecturers, the emergence of scientific schools and the development of new areas of biological and methodological investigations. A new impetus to intensify the activities of the teaching staff in all areas was the association of the Department of General Biology with the Department of Methodology of Teaching Natural Sciences, which had a positive effect on cooperation between employees of higher pedagogical education with teachers of secondary schools and pupils. It has been defined that the development of collective scientific topics of pedagogical direction served as the basis for the development and implementation of a model of partnering relationships organization in the "Higher educational establishment – school" system, a systemically important factor of which is the implementation of the principles of child centeredness and student centeredness in parity collaboration of participants in the educational process. The model is based on various types of innovative activities regarding cooperation between schools and higher educational establishments in three promising areas: working out the mechanisms of interaction between secondary schools and higher educational establishments in order to modernize the forms and methods of organizing the educational process; creating conditions for professional self-determination of pupils and increasing the level of competence of future university entrants; creation by higher education establishments of an educational environment for teachers to implement lifelong learning.
 In the process of implementing the model, a number of modern forms of interaction between educational institutions have been tested. In particular, preparation and approbation of textbooks, teaching and methodical manuals for pupils and teachers, carrying out of joint master classes, trainings, workshops, scientific and methodical seminars, conferences, forums, etc.; organization of career guidance events – Doors Open Days, festival of professions "Hospitality in TNPU", All-Ukrainian career guidance Olympiad in Biology, functioning of the Summer Chemical and Biological School of TNPU "My future professional choice"; development and implementation of educational programs of postgraduate education for advanced training and professional development of teachers of biology and natural sciences .

The geographical dispersion of inventor networks in peripheral economies

Abstract In this paper we explore patenting activity in two peripheral economies (Portugal and Greece), to analyze the dispersion of inventor networks. Inventor networks are key conduits through which knowledge flows. Therefore, they can be critical in the catch-up process of peripheral economies – economies that belong to the group of rich countries but have weaker innovation systems. As global value chains fragment into geographically dispersed activities, opportunities arise for peripheral economies to participate in global innovation processes. However, different types of innovation activities have distinct network properties. More codifiable innovative activities can be carried out through collaboration by internationally dispersed teams. On the other hand, activities that are more dependent on tacit knowledge are likely to require the co-location of knowledge workers. This implies that innovation that relies mostly on tacit knowledge will provide limited connectivity benefits for peripheral economies’ innovation systems. We hypothesize that, while this is generally true, “leading” innovative multinational enterprises may possess more sophisticated capabilities for transnational collaboration than less innovative firms. Therefore, innovation in activities involving tacit knowledge may show different network characteristics depending on who performs them: leading firms or “laggards”. Our results, based on data from Portugal and Greece are consistent with our hypotheses.

Dinâmica inovativa das companhias estaduais de saneamento básico

ABSTRACT Despite the few empirical research, innovation in the Brazilian Basic Sanitation sector is an increasingly debated topic, Therefore, this study aimed to explore the structures and activities of Brazilian basic sanitation companies in research, development, and innovation (RDI). To achieve this the research conducted an empirical study of the state companies of basic sanitation, hereafter called CESBs, through a survey based on Innovation Research (Pintec) and secondary data. The survey examines the following aspects: introduction of product, process, organizational and marketing innovation; types of innovative activities developed; funding for RDI; cooperation for RDI; intellectual property; impacts of innovations; organizational structure for innovation management; innovation management system; and barriers to innovation management. The results indicate that the CESBs have structures and develop actions in RDI; however, these activities are not strategic for the companies analyzed.

Innovation and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Aspirant Markets: An Institutional Environment Approach

The recent years have witnessed an increasing number of manufacturers in developed markets pursuing service-led innovation to secure their sustainable growth and competitive positions. This study compares the manufacturing firm performance outcomes of two types of innovation activities in the value chain (i.e., service innovation and product innovativeness) contingent on institutional environment but in an aspirant market – China. To do so we conducted two studies: A secondary data study (Study 1) used a longitudinal panel dataset of 1,167 manufacturing firms and a robustness study (Study 2) used primary survey data from 171 manufacturing firms. Both studies offer consistent empirical results that in the dysfunctional competition environment, and in contrast to product innovativeness, service innovation is less effective for manufacturing performance but works more effectively for performance in the complicated institutional environment when government support and dysfunctional competition co-exist. The research contributes to the fields of aspirant markets and innovation by developing our understanding of the firm’s strategic responses pertaining to innovation in the context of a complicated institutional environment, the latter informed by structuration theory. The paper offers a fine-grained view to manufacturing innovation and provides the practical implications for managers and clear guidance to firms and governments in the aspirant markets in regards to innovation practice, strategy, and policy.

Regional characteristics and the decision to innovate in a developing country: A multilevel analysis of Ecuadorian firms

AbstractThis is the first study that uses multilevel modelling to analyse regional influence on the decision to invest in innovation activities of firms in a single developing country, Ecuador. Our results indicate that the decision to invest in R&D and in other innovation activities are conditioned by the region in which the firm is located. Regional loan volume, orientation towards knowledge exploitation and intra‐regional‐sectorial R&D spillovers are positively associated with both types of innovation activities, while regional levels of co‐operation and inter‐regional R&D spillovers are only positively associated with the probability of investing in other innovation activities.

Transcending the COVID-19 crisis: Business resilience and innovation of the restaurant industry in China

Utilizing the content analysis approach, this study analyzed 153 textual information sources to explore Chinese restaurant enterprises' innovative activities during and after COVID-19. An innovative crisis management model was synthesized from a micro-level perspective by adopting the life cycle model to dynamically measure the innovative strategies applied by Chinese restaurant enterprises in their emergency responses and recovery efforts. Two types of innovative activities that led to internal and external performances were identified based on the push and pull theory of business motivation. Findings further indicated five dimensions of innovative strategies at two different stages: pandemic prevention and control, government and community, corporate social responsibility, marketing response, and management response at the stage of emergency responses; and pandemic prevention and control, cooperation with third parties, customer service innovation, product innovation, and innovative marketing strategy at the stage of recovery efforts. Theoretical and empirical implications are also carefully discussed.

Does National Culture Matter for Nature and Quality of Innovation?

This study examines how one important dimension of national culture, individualism-collectivism, affects firms’ nature and quality of innovation. In doing so, we explain how individualism gives rise to agency relationships and how collectivism facilitates stewardship relationships between shareholders and managers. We then argue that individualism is more likely than collectivism to cause short-termism behavior of managers. That is, managers in individualistic culture tend to pursue more predictable short-term oriented activities, such as exploitation, rather than risky long-term oriented activities, such as exploration. In contrast, managers in collectivist culture act as stewards and conduct more explorative innovation than those in an individualistic culture. As a result, we find that firms in a collectivist culture tend to generate higher quality innovations than those in an individualistic culture. We, therefore, claim that culture matters for a firm’s pursuit between two different types of innovative activities and affects the quality of innovation as well.

Relationship Between Innovation Activities and Business Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia

The study aims to investigate the relationship between innovation activities and business process performance in higher education institution (hereinafter referred to as “HEI”) context. The data was collected using a survey and later analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLSSEM) and SmartPLS software. A total of 50 questionnaires were submitted from respondents representing vocational study program management located in Makassar, Indonesia. The findings show that two hypotheses discussed in this study fit the empirical data. Specifically, the results show that there is a positive relationship between innovation activities and business process performance, involving two types of innovation activities, which are exploration activities and exploitation activities, within HEIs. Explorative activity is firmly related to exploitative activity, which furthermore links to business process performance within the HEIs observed. The results confirm that exploration activity can stimulate and lead the HEIs management to generate exploitation activity. For instance, capabilities to absorb knowledge from the external institution may lead this institution to generate advanced academic processes, as well as more efficient and effective managerial processes. The study also signifies ambidexterity capacity, suggesting that it may lead HEIs management to formulate proper strategies in achieving better performance and gaining competitive advantage. Keywords: Innovation Activities, Higher Education, Business Process Performance, Ambidexterity Capacity JEL Classification Code: O30, I23, D23

Determinants of innovativeness of Slovak SMEs

The integration of the Slovak Republic into the European Union and the globalization process create conditions that significantly reduce barriers to entry into particular markets, but, on the other hand, enhance the intensity of competition. The relevance of the study lies in the extent of the European Union’s support for the effectiveness of innovation activities in Slovakia. This paper investigates the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on the competitiveness of Slovak enterprises over the period 2006–2018. The study is aimed at determining the causal relationship of factors that determine the competitiveness of enterprises. To investigate the relationship between the endogenous and exogenous factors, the Granger causality method is used. Mathematical models are used to identify the relationship between innovation expenditures on the one hand and different types of innovation activity with market expansion on the other. The results of the study provide a statistically significant relationship between the performance measured by the percentage of revenues of enterprises that have introduced innovations with a two-year lag and the concentration measured by the total R&D expenditure of an enterprise. The results of this study should also be used to ensure that, in the case of the Slovak SME sector, R&D expenditure is a significant driver of innovation in enterprises, as innovation in enterprises is expected to improve the quality of products and services, increase profits and expansion in domestic and foreign markets. AcknowledgmentThis paper has been supported by funds of the project VEGA No. 1/0240/20 and VEGA No. 1/0813/19 Managing the development of innovative and start-up forms of businesses in international environment and verification of INMARK concept, which has received funding from the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic.