Types Of Engineering Research Articles

Trends in Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-Based Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Teaching Materials Development in Science Learning in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

This study identified the most commonly used types of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-integrated, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based teaching materials in science education and to explore their development in Indonesia. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The selection of articles was based on eligibility criteria, including publication in SINTA-indexed journals, a publication period of 2020–2024, and a focus on science learning at the school level. From the 31 articles analyzed, e-modules emerged as the most dominant teaching material (22.58%) because of their interactivity and accessibility. Other teaching materials identified include e-LKPD, e-books, interactive multimedia, augmented reality, and virtual laboratories. The findings indicate that the development of STEM-based teaching materials enhances 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and scientific literacy. However, their implementation remains limited, primarily focusing on the senior high school level. This study contributes a comprehensive mapping of ICT-based STEM teaching material development in Indonesia, providing a valuable reference for future innovations and integration of emerging technologies, including augmented reality, across various levels of education.

Leveraging Data for Enhancing Predictive Analytics in Enterprise Decision-Making

Predictive analytics is critical in a data-driven business environment, which enables any organization to make proactive and well-informed decisions. The paper depicts a discussion on how enterprises can leverage predictive analytics in obtaining value-driven insights for enhancing decision-making processes. It provides a deep understanding of the different types of data, data engineering, and methodologies that enrich predictive modeling. Real-world applications and case studies from retail, health, and finance lead the role of predictive analytics in optimized operations to measurable business impact. Further, we discuss the challenges of scaling predictive analytics for real-time applications-data integration, model deployment, and ethical considerations. The paper concludes by looking at future directions in real-time processing, hybrid architectures, and the role of explainable AI in enterprise predictive analytics.

Lightweight Cryptographic Models for IoT Devices: A Deep Learning Approach to Power Side-Channel Attack Prevention

The implementation of lightweight cryptography is often found in unrolled architecture, which offers the advantages of low latency and high real-time performance but also runs the risk of Side-Channel Attack (SCA). These days, the Internet of Things has led to a variety of applications that need lightweight cryptographic primitives, including block cyphers, for safe and effective computation with little resources. The expense of developing machine learning (ML) models makes them potentially trade secrets. They must thus be shielded against harmful types of reverse engineering (such as in IP piracy). As machine learning continues to move to edge devices, partly for performance reasons and partly for privacy reasons, the models are now vulnerable to what are known as physical side-channel assaults. Earlier studies have shown that power-based side-channel assaults may recover such control flow in highly restricted contexts, but they depended on significant changes in computational stages or data dependencies to differentiate between states in a state machine. Using Field Programming Gate Arrays (FPGAs), we investigated possible security vulnerabilities involving side-channel assaults (SCAs) based on power analysis. We have significantly improved our study report in three ways. The power analysis or power profile of FPGA, which depends on the leakage of voltage fluctuations during certain encryption activities, was covered first. A physical source, such as an oscilloscope, or a remote source, such as delay line sensors, are used to detect the fluctuations in voltage of the cryptography module. Second, we spoke about possible power analysis-based SCAs that extracted the secret key using these voltage fluctuation readings. Third, we have created a framework for successful assaults and secret key predictions that is based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. First off, using only 570 attack power traces, our proprietary convolutional neural networks (CNN) model successfully executed an attack and exposed all 16 bytes of the secret key. Second, the same architecture has been used to effectively attack the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model using only 3200 traces. In terms of training time, prediction time, attack time, and the amount of power traces needed for a successful attack, we have improved overall.

Precursor Engineering for the Electrode of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

AbstractAs the demand for scalable electrochemical energy storage increases, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) offer multiple advantages due to their inherent safety, environmental friendliness, and power‐to‐capacity decoupling capability. However, the intrinsic structural limitations of the electrodes, coupled with deficiencies in their surface properties, significantly impede the practical implementation of VRFBs. The systematic optimization of electrodes through precursor engineering represents a forward‐thinking approach with significant potential for advancing the field. In this paper, recent advances in VRFB electrodes are comprehensively reviewed from the perspective of precursor engineering. To begin with, the advantages based on different types of precursors and processing methods are elucidated. Next, the focus is on the additive modification and design of electrodes through various precursor engineering strategies to optimize their structural and surface properties. Lastly, this review also discusses the current dilemmas faced by the four types of precursor engineering and explores future directions. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the further innovation and production application of VRFB electrode materials.

Effect of Paste Film Thickness on Workability and Strength of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Mortar

In order to better understand the effect of compositional parameters on the properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortar, the relationship between the thickness of paste film and the workability and strength of MPC mortar is revealed. A three-parameter filling density prediction model is adopted to study the filling density of sand with different gradations. The validity of the three-parameter filling density prediction model is validated by experimental results. The thickness of the paste film of MPC mortar is calculated with different sand gradations. The results show that the thickness of paste film has a great influence on the slump flow and strength of MPC mortar. The linear positive relationship between paste film thickness and slump flow of MPC mortar. At different sand-to-binder ratios, there is no significant linear relationship between the thickness of the paste film and the mechanical properties. But under the same sand-to-binder ratio, there is an optional thickness of paste film for the strength of the MPC mortar. Comprehensively considering the workability and mechanical properties, magnesium phosphate cement mortar’s optimal paste film thickness ranges from 73 µm to 74 µm. When designing the proportion of magnesium phosphate cement, the appropriate thickness of the paste film can be selected according to the different engineering types and construction environments.

On Rortian conceptual engineering

AbstractThis paper explores how contemporary discussions of conceptual engineering can benefit from Richard Rorty's approach by outlining Rortian conceptual engineering. Three perspectives on Rortian conceptual engineering are discussed. First, Rortian conceptual engineering represents a form of radical conceptual engineering that dismisses the role of folk intuitions and views philosophical progress as the replacement of old problems with new ones. More specifically, Rortian conceptual engineering sees conceptual revolution as a process in which new metaphors replace old literal meanings. Second, Rorty's metaphilosophical distinction between epistemological and conversational philosophy is more profound than the distinctions between conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering, or between functional and nonfunctional approaches, thus enhancing our understanding of two types of contemporary conceptual engineering: epistemological and conversational. Third, Rorty argues that choosing concepts should take into account not only the competing concepts but also the conceptual schemes in which these concepts are situated.

PHYTOREMEDIATION PROSPECTS FOR SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS

Phytoremediation is an effective technique of using plants to restore contaminated soils. The aim of this work is to review promising hyperaccumulators with regard to phytoremediation. Different types of plants, genetic and cellular engineering and other techniques that contribute to soil purification from heavy metals are used for phytoremediation. The paper presents an overview of hyperaccumulators that are able to accumulate various contaminants in the tissues of aboveground organs. The literature search was carried out in such databases as eLIBRARY and CyberLeninka. Plants for phytoremediation should meet a large set of specific criteria. However, no plant can satisfy all of them. Therefore, choosing the most effective plant is a difficult task. The paper analyzes plants used for phytoremediation on the territory of the Russian Federation. The list of studies included in the review demonstrates the peculiarities of certain heavy metal accumulation by different plants. At the same time, the majority of plants used for phytoremediant (about 75 %) accumulate nickel. Only a small number of plants are able to accumulate other heavy metals, such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Some publications presented in the review indicate that for effective phytoremediation, it is also necessary to pay attention to the soil composition and other external factors. This remark is really crucial. Currently, phytoremediation is an understudied unpredictable technique for cleaning up contaminated soils. It has not received widespread use yet, but it is promising.

Experimental research on the glass fiber-reinforced effect and mechanisms of sand powder 3D-printed rock-like materials

Experimental research on the glass fiber-reinforced effect and mechanisms of sand powder 3D-printed rock-like materials

Cell Membrane Engineered Polypeptide Nanonets Mimicking Macrophage Aggregates for Enhanced Antibacterial Treatment.

Drug-resistant bacterial infections and their lipopolysaccharide-related inflammatory complications continue to pose significant challenges in traditional treatments. Inspired by the rapid initiation of resident macrophages to form aggregates for efficient antibacterial action, this study proposes a multifunctional and enhanced antibacterial strategy through the construction of novel biomimetic cell membrane polypeptide nanonets (R-DPB-TA-Ce). The design involves the fusion of end-terminal lipidated polypeptides containing side-chain cationic boronic acid groups (DNPLBA) with cell membrane intercalation engineering (R-DPB), followed by coordination with the tannic acid-cerium complex (TA-Ce) to assemble into a biomimetic nanonet through boronic acid-polyphenol-metal ion interactions. In addition to the ability of RAW 264.7 macrophages cell membrane components' (R) ability to neutralize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R-DPB-TA-Ce demonstrated enhanced capture of bacteria and its LPS, leveraging nanoconfinement-enhanced multiple interactions based on the boronic acid-polyphenol nanonets skeleton combined with polysaccharide. Utilizing these advantages, indocyanine green (ICG)is further employed as a model drug for delivery, showcasing the exceptional treatment effect of R-DPB-TA-Ce as a new biomimetic assembled drug delivery system in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing promotion. Thus, this strategy of mimicking macrophage aggregates is anticipated to be further applicable to various types of cell membrane engineering for enhanced antibacterial treatment.

In search for representative elementary volume (REV) within heterogeneous materials: A survey of scalar and vector metrics using porous media as an example

In search for representative elementary volume (REV) within heterogeneous materials: A survey of scalar and vector metrics using porous media as an example

Research and Development in Biomedical Prosthetics

In this report the sole data is based on innovation and development in biomedical prosthetics field. The current technology used for prosthetic includes 3D printing, device implants, digital design tools and more. There are several types of biomedical engineering, such as tissue, genetic, neural and stem cells, as well as chemical and clinical engineering for health care. Many electronic and magnetic method uses sensors in equipment such as Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, Electroencephalography (EEG). The notation of the idea is using sensors in body supporting equipment’s or an attachment as prosthetics with the incorporation of AI that could get results in movement or functioning in any nonfunctioning body part as desired.

Division of Main Geological and Engineering Controlling Types of Low-Production Coalbed Methane Well-Blocks and their Stimulation Measures.

At present, the identification of the main factors controlling low-production coalbed methane (CBM) wells and production enhancement measures does not consider geological and reservoir differences between individual wells and the CBM production effect of well groups simultaneously. In view of this, an evaluation index system suitable for use on inefficient well-blocks was established, which involves their geological resource potential, ground stress, coal structure, and comprehensive permeability under engineering influences from a systemic perspective. The main geological engineering types were determined by zoning superposition, and the corresponding stimulation measures were proposed. The evaluation results of the Shizhuang South Block in the Qinshui Basin show that the area of interest can be divided into Class I, II, and III potential areas, of which the Class II potential areas are subdivided into six blocks. In Zone I, the horizontal well infill method is preferred to increase the CBM production from well groups. At the current level of technology, it is difficult to gain economic benefits from Zone III. In Zone II, these stimulation measures such as the infilling method of staged fracturing horizontal wells, refracturing under supplementary injection holes, roof fracturing, the combined method of acidification and secondary fracturing or nitrogen injection and secondary fracturing, the combined method of acidification and controlled displacement secondary fracturing, and controlled displacement repetitive roof fracturing, among others, can be adopted.

Internet fraud as one of the types of fraud

The article investigates the current aspects of internet fraud in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The increased use of the Internet during quarantine and wartime creates new opportunities for scammers, who exploit this situation to deceive people. Emotional instability, financial problems, and the spread of misinformation also contribute to the growth of fraud online. The article analyzes the legislative approach to combating fraud in Ukraine and identifies the specifics of this type of criminal offense. Due to the accessibility of the Internet, scammers quickly adapt their schemes to the digital environment, making network users more vulnerable. The explores the diversity of methods and types of internet fraud, including phishing, cryptocurrency fraud, social engineering, and other schemes. The authors provide data from the «Data Breach and Incident Response» (DBIR) report. Methods such as phishing, farming, fraud through social media and email, as well as manipulations with ICOs and crypto investment funds, are examined in detail. Special attention is paid to fraud in wartime, mentioning fundraising for military purposes, deceptive schemes with family announcements, and fake evacuation messages. The level of vulnerability of users, geographical features, and the age category most often targeted by internet fraud are evaluated. The article also discusses the aspect of computer equipment, mobile devices, and other means of accessing the Internet used by criminals to carry out fraudulent activities. The authors emphasize the prevalence of internet fraud, where perpetrators attempt to hack websites of government organizations, banks, or media to obtain confidential information or spread fake news. Measures to combat this phenomenon are proposed. Various types of internet fraud and methods of prevention are examined in detail, including software updates, installation of antivirus software, use of strong passwords, and two- factor authentication. It is noted that awareness and a responsible approach to protection on the Internet are key to preventing fraud. Additionally, the criminal liability for fraud in Ukraine and the possibility of strengthening this liability in wartime are discussed.

Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Phase Method Simulations in Process Engineering: A Review of Recent Progress

Complex fluid–solid systems generally exist in process engineering. The cognition of complex flow systems depends on numerical and experimental methods. The computational fluid dynamics–discrete phase method simulation based on coarsening technology has potential application prospects in industrial-scale equipment. This review outlines the computational fluid dynamics–discrete phase method and its application in several typical types of process engineering. In the process research, more attention is paid to the dense condition and multiphase flow. Furthermore, the CFD-DPM and its extension method for comprehensive hydrodynamics modeling are introduced. Subsequently, the current challenges and future trends of the computational fluid dynamics–discrete phase method are proposed.

Deep Multimodal Data Fusion

Multimodal Artificial Intelligence (Multimodal AI), in general, involves various types of data (e.g., images, texts, or data collected from different sensors), feature engineering (e.g., extraction, combination/fusion), and decision-making (e.g., majority vote). As architectures become more and more sophisticated, multimodal neural networks can integrate feature extraction, feature fusion, and decision-making processes into one single model. The boundaries between those processes are increasingly blurred. The conventional multimodal data fusion taxonomy (e.g., early/late fusion), based on which the fusion occurs in, is no longer suitable for the modern deep learning era. Therefore, based on the main-stream techniques used, we propose a new fine-grained taxonomy grouping the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models into five classes: Encoder-Decoder methods, Attention Mechanism methods, Graph Neural Network methods, Generative Neural Network methods, and other Constraint-based methods. Most existing surveys on multimodal data fusion are only focused on one specific task with a combination of two specific modalities. Unlike those, this survey covers a broader combination of modalities, including Vision + Language (e.g., videos, texts), Vision + Sensors (e.g., images, LiDAR), and so on, and their corresponding tasks (e.g., video captioning, object detection). Moreover, a comparison among these methods is provided, as well as challenges and future directions in this area.

Mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial reconstruction: a comprehensive review.

Craniofacial reconstruction faces many challenges, including high complexity, strong specificity, severe injury, irregular and complex wounds, and high risk of bleeding. Traditionally, the "gold standard" for treating craniofacial bone defects has been tissue transplantation, which involves the transplantation of bone, cartilage, skin, and other tissues from other parts of the body. However, the shape of craniofacial bone and cartilage structures varies greatly and is distinctly different from ordinary long bones. Craniofacial bones originate from the neural crest, while long bones originate from the mesoderm. These factors contribute to the poor effectiveness of tissue transplantation in repairing craniofacial defects. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exhibits excellent pluripotency, low immunogenicity, and minimally invasive properties, and is considered a potential alternative to tissue transplantation for treating craniofacial defects. Researchers have found that both craniofacial-specific mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells from other parts of the body have significant effects on the restoration and reconstruction of craniofacial bones, cartilage, wounds, and adipose tissue. In addition, the continuous development and application of tissue engineering technology provide new ideas for craniofacial repair. With the continuous exploration of mesenchymal stem cells by researchers and the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for craniofacial reconstruction has gradually been accepted and promoted. This article will review the applications of various types of mesenchymal stem cells and related tissue engineering in craniofacial repair and reconstruction.

ФОРМАЛИЗАЦИЯ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ПРИ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЯМИ С КЛИЕНТАМИ

A pressing issue of automation and digitalization of processes in a manufacturing enterprise is the introduction of an automated customer relationship management system, namely a CRM system (Client Relationship Management System) into the structure of a functioning enterprise. The stage of in-depth study of the enterprise’s business processes, building the structure of business processes and modelling the future system allow one to significantly reduce the implementation time of the automated system, to clearly assess the compliance of the task and the future system, and to fulfil the effective implementation of a CRM system at a manufacturing enterprise. At the preliminary analysis stage, the issues of identifying the main entities of the system and determining the level of their interaction are resolved. The aim of the study is to describe the methodology for constructing a conceptual model of a CRM system using the example of conducting research on the structure of the enterprise’s business processes and further formalizing the results of preparatory work for the subsequent effective implementation of a CRM system. The main research methods are theoretical analysis, formalization and methods for constructing information models. The novelty of the work lies in examining poorly-studied aspects of the preliminary analysis when implementing CRM systems, identifying patterns in the description of typical non-production processes and their formalization for a functioning manufacturing enterprise. The study results can be used in designing the architecture, programming and setting up a CRM system at an enterprise in the field of mechanical engineering and other types of production.

Quantitative analysis of the influence of mine geological engineering on regional geological environment and research on sustainable development strategy

This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the influence of mine geological engineering on regional geological environment, and discuss the application and optimization of sustainable development strategy in this field. This paper first analyzes the main types of mine geological engineering and its influence mechanism on geological environment, then evaluates these influences and discusses the practice and effect of sustainable development strategy in mine geological engineering. This paper puts forward the direction of strategy optimization based on the influence of geological environment, and emphasizes the importance of technological innovation, management mechanism and policies and regulations in strategy optimization.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОЄДНАННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ І ЦИВІЛЬНОЇ ІНЖЕНЕРІЇ В МІСТОБУДУВАННІ

A term "engineering" has his root in the Latin word "ingenium", that means an "intellect" or "talent". It originates from a word "ingeniare", that is translated how to "found" or "invent". Exactly in this Latin expression there is an initial idea about work and ability to decide difficult tasks. There is the nearest to the man, her comfort residence and work. An engineering concept, as disciplines, is constrained with the use of scientific knowledge and technologies for planning, town-planning, architecture, creation and support of the different engineering systems and constructions. In the modern value, engineering embraces the wide spectrum of industries, such as mechanical, electric, computer, chemical, civil, aerospace et al, and has an important value for development of technologies and infrastructures of settlements, that are necessary for modern society. Self-society needs development of different types of engineering, that influence on his normal functioning and steady development. In this context the "civil engineering" is the nearest to the man, her comfort residence and work. A management social process is totality of actions and strategies, sent to influence and organization of the social phenomena, processes and co-operations in society. It includes a management behavior, by activity, relations and other aspects of human life, that take place in public terms. Thus a management social processes ("social engineering") is based on research, analysis and understanding of sociological, psychological, economic, political and cultural aspects of society. Him a primary purpose consists in the achievement of certain social goals and decision of problems, including technical, that stand before society. The basic aspects of management social processes it an analysis and prognostication: careful research and analysis of social processes help to understand their reasons, consequences and tendencies.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ ЗМІН КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ, ЗАГРОЗ ТА РИЗИКІВ

The article examines the trends of changes in capital investment in industry and determines the trends of further investment in conditions of uncertainty, threats and risks. Capital investments in industry for 2010-2022 were analyzed. It was determined that the general level of capital investments in the industry of Ukraine in the period 2010-2022 increased, with the exception of 2020. The number of industrial enterprises that introduced innovations for the period 2013-2020 was analyzed as a percentage of the total number. During the period 2013-2016, there was an increase in enterprises that implemented innovative processes in their activities, in 2017 and 2019, there was a slight decrease in innovative activity compared to the previous period. It is substantiated that the main vectors of development among science-intensive types of industry and mechanical engineering should become: the development of the aviation industry, rocket and space technology, the production of new types of rolling stock, the development of the energy industry, the production of electronic equipment and the modernization of the defense complex. To ensure the security and competitiveness of the state, it is necessary to develop modern types of weapons and military equipment. Among the priorities: radar systems, high-precision weapons and means of their destruction, missile complexes of various ranges. In order to maintain competitive positions in the field of mining and metallurgical production, it is necessary to develop directions for the diversification of production, optimization of the structure according to the nomenclature range, development of new types of goods and services on the basis of existing production capacities. It is necessary to develop and attract new, more effective methods of development of natural reserves of mineral raw materials.