Types Of Authors Research Articles

Differences in the structure of scientific discourse with individual and collaborative authorship of publications

Within the framework of scientific discourse, the article occupies a central place in the construction and dissemination of knowledge in the scientific community. At the same time, collaborative authorship is becoming increasingly widespread in the scientific community. The syntactic and semantic differences between the texts of collaborations and individual authors present an urgent problem and remain poorly understood. This determines the purpose of the study — to identify differences in the structure of scientific discourse with individual and collaborative authorship of publications. At the preliminary stage of the study, an unstructured research interview was conducted on the specifics of writing scientific articles individually and as part of author teams. The main research is devoted to the analysis of the semantic and syntactic structure of texts using the method of relational situational analysis (RSA), which allows you to automatically identify the correspondence of the syntaxemic structure of a sentence to the logical structure of the actions described in this sentence. The study compared the texts of 201 scientific articles in Russian from the leading psychological journals included in WoS and Scopus, divided into corpora by type of authorship (individual-collaborative) and genres (theoretical articles and reviews vs empirical methodological articles). During the study, it was revealed that the articles written in collaboration have higher lexical coherence, they are more syntactically correct. The volume of the text of a scientific article on psychology is on average 9% more with individual authorship compared with collaborative writing. The semantic and syntactic differences between the texts of articles by individual authors and collaborations have a genre differentiation. In theoretical articles and reviews of collaborations, the syntactic complexity and semantic coherence of the text are higher, the traditional structure of the statement prevails: the thesis is briefly postulated and then fully justified. With individual authorship, the main idea is more often formulated after the context, while reformulation is more often used in the texts of individual authors. The meta-discourse in theoretical articles also differs significantly: the author’s position is more represented by individual authors, and “reader involvement” is in the case of co-authorship. In empirical and methodological articles, the main differences are revealed in the specifics of meta-discourse: the author’s position, unlike the genre of theoretical articles, is more inherent in the texts of collaborations.

Who posts the advertisement: The influence of advertising authorship on in‐feed advertising effectiveness

AbstractAdvertisers typically publish in‐feed ads with two types of authorship: brand or influencer, yet little is known about the effectiveness of in‐feed ads between these two authors. In this study, we investigated the interactions and mechanisms of ad authorship (brand vs. influencer) and brand type (luxury vs. mass) on advertising effectiveness, and tested the moderating effect of upward social comparison based on the stereotype content model. A pilot study, by coding the secondary data from Most Liked WeChat Moment Ads, found that a greater proportion of luxury (vs. mass) brands were authored by brands (vs. influencers). Study 1 used eye tracking technique to identify the interactive effect of ad authorship and brand type on visual attention. Study 2 further identified perceived competence and warmth as mediators. Study 3 verified the moderating effect of upward social comparison on the above effects. This paper contributes to the theoretical literature on in‐feed advertising by showing the interactive effect of advertising authorship and brand types on advertising effectiveness. It also offers valuable insights for luxury or mass brands on strategically leveraging the brand itself or influencer for advertising.

Exponential authorship inflation in neuroscience and psychology from the 1950s to the 2020s.

How many researchers does it take to publish an article in top journals in neuroscience and psychology? Manually coding 42,580 articles spanning 1879-2021 from 32 journals, we examined the evolution of authorship size and its rate of change. Moreover, we assessed the driving forces behind these changes. We found that, starting from the 1950s but not earlier, the average authorship size per article in neuroscience and psychology has increased exponentially, growing by 50% and 31% over the last decade and reaching a record high of 10.4 and 4.8 authors in 2021, respectively. Single-authored articles have become a rarity today, particularly in primary research articles: 1.7% in neuroscience and 2.2% in psychology in 2019-2021 (vs. 5.7% and 11.2% in review articles). With the withering of sole authors rises a new type of authorship, group authors (e.g., a consortium). Group authorship was rare before 2000, but in 2019-2021, it appeared in 4.1% of articles in neuroscience, mostly in genetics, neuroimaging, and disease-outnumbering single-authored articles for the first time-and 0.7% in psychology, mostly in developmental and clinical research. The exponential inflation in authorship size could not be attributed to behaviors of professional editors in profit-oriented journals but aligns with a hybrid epistemic-behavioral-cultural account-an account that integrates multidimensional factors, including increased research complexity, the benefits of collaboration, the rise of government-funded research, changing norms in authorship practices, and biased incentives in evaluation. These findings suggest troubling implications for research reproducibility, innovations, equity/diversity, and ethics, calling for policy deliberations to address potential negative ramifications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Penerapan Pasal 156a Kuhp sebagai Delik Penodaan Agama


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This study aims to find out about the exact meaning related to elements in public in Article 156A of the Criminal Code. This choice was motivated by the vagueness of the law related to the elements in Article 156A of the Criminal Code. The author's type of research is a type of normative juridical research with a statutory approach, a historical approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study found that the elements in Article 156A of the Criminal Code have a blurring of meaning due to inadequate explanations of interpretation and many errors in the practice of using the article. In addition, this study also found that the regulation of religious offenses is contained in several other articles in the Criminal Code. In this regard, the author recommends that more detailed arrangements be made and also with clear interpretations so that the procedures carried out arrive at a decision that guarantees the implementation of legal certainty and provides a sense of justice that is as fair as possible. The birth of Presidential Decree No. 1 / PNPS / 1965 cannot be separated from the role of KH Saifudin Zuhri who served as Minister of Religious Affairs from March 21, 1962 to October 11, 1967. KH Saifudin Zuhri considered Presidential Decree No. 1/PNPS/1965 necessary after political agitation carried out by the PKI which was considered to be agitating for atheism in order to undermine the credibility of religion and religious groups, The spirit of victory of the communists from China and Vietnam, the Bangkuning incident, the Rat Meat Propaganda incident, as well as other events that finally inspired him to encourage Sukarno as the Great Leader of the Revolution who had absolute authority gave birth to Presidential Decree Number 1 of 1965 concerning the Prevention of Abuse and / or Blasphemy.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Female authorship trends in the field of colorectal surgery: A retrospective bibliometric study

BackgroundGender disparity and hidden discrimination remained in the surgical subspecialties. This study aimed to explore the authorship gender composition in four high-impact colorectal surgery journals over the past two decades. MethodThis cross-sectional study queried the Web of Science Core Collection database and PubMed (MEDLINE) for articles published in four high-impact colorectal surgery specialty journals between 2000 and 2021 (Database accessed at July 2022). Extracted data included authors' full names, institutions, year of publication and total citation numbers. Authors’ genders were assigned via gendrize.io, a third-party name predictor tool. Results100,325 authorship records were included in the final analysis. 21.8% of writers were identified as female, an increase from 11.4% (95% CI, 9.4%–13.3%) in 2000 to 26.5% (95% CI, 25.6%–27.4%) in 2021. Female authorship has risen in all authorship types, but women physicians were less likely to be the last authors than the first (OR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.6–0.67) or middle authors (OR, 0.57; 95%CI, 0.55–0.60). Female authorship has also increased substantially in different document types, but female authorships were less likely in editorials than original articles (OR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.7–0.83) and reviews (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.74–0.94). Compared with male physicians, females were more likely to author in publications with reportable funding, either as first authors (OR, 1.46; 95%CI, 1.12–1.78) or last authors (OR, 1.51; 95%CI, 1.22–1.89). Authorship varied geographically, and countries with the highest female authorship percentage were mainly in Europe and North America. ConclusionFemale authorship has grown substantially in colorectal surgery literature. However, female physicians were still underrepresented and less likely to assume senior or leading authorship roles.

The EFFORTS of BAGHDAD SCHOLARS in PROPHET's HADITH and Its SCIENCES at the 14th CENTURY AH


 
 
 
 The importance of the subject comes from the fact that it has remained almost absent or ambiguous from many, namely that the science of "Prophet's Hadith" in Iraq was faded or obliterated in this century specifically. So the research comes to answer this question and reveal this fact. It comes also to highlight an important era of the history of Baghdad which has not been given sufficient attention in explaining the efforts of its scientists, especially those engaged in the science of "Prophet's Hadith" in both writing and achieving manuscripts.
 The research was divided into an introduction, a preface, and thirteen sections, as well as a conclusion ending with the most important results.
 The research method is inductive and descriptive in tracking the efforts of scientists and researchers and their writing and achieving manuscripts works as possible as the availability of resources, and this type of authorship known as (Bibliography).
 One of the most important results of the research is that the research monitored (162) scientific efforts of the Baghdad scientists in the Hadith and its sciences in "writing and achieving manuscripts, including (108) in writing and (54) in achieving manuscripts. This means that the efforts of authorship are greater than achieving manuscripts efforts of this century. (66.66%) of the total of this scientific output according to the available resources, and this indicates that their obsession of creativity has been stronger.
 
 
 
 
 These scientific efforts have been divided among thirteen sections according to the classification of Hadith scholars depending on the available resources. (12.34%) of these efforts related to Baghdad scholars methodology which indicates their attention to this art of classification, and the strength of their methodical thinking based on making their minds busy with explaining their curricula in classifying in addition to its impact on each art, Perhaps this comes from some of the effects of the school of opinion in Baghdad

Double standards? Co-authorship and gender bias in early-stage academic evaluations

Abstract This article studies gender bias in early-stage academic evaluations in Italy and investigates whether this bias depends on various types of authorship in collaborative work across three academic fields: humanities, economics, and social sciences. We test our hypotheses via a factorial survey (vignette) experiment on a sample from the entire population of associate and full professors employed at Italian public universities in 2019. This is one of the few experiments conducted with university professors to consider hiring propensities in academia. Contrary to our general expectations, we do not find gender bias in relation to co-authorship in our general population of interest. However, the results provide some evidence that when the evaluator is a man, highly collaborative women academics in Italy receive less favourable evaluations of their qualifications compared to male colleagues with identical credentials. This gender bias is found in economics, a field where the conventions of co-authorship allow for greater uncertainty about individual contributions to a joint publication.

Assessing the Accuracy, Quality, and Readability of Online Patient Resources on Achilles Tendonitis

Category: Other; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The internet is full of websites focused on different medical topics. With such a large accumulation of information, patients should be able to rely upon the internet as a reliable source for information on common medical conditions such as Achilles tendonitis. However, the question remains as to the accuracy, quality and readability of such online patient resources. Consumers themselves commonly evaluate online medical sites by trustworthiness, expertise, and objectivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the top search-engine-generated online resources for Achilles tendonitis for their content and accuracy. Methods: The term 'Achilles tendonitis' was searched using the three most population search engines. The first 50 sites from each search were recorded. Duplicate sites were eliminated. Sites were categorized based on authorship type. Each website was independently evaluated by two reviewers. Quality was evaluated utilizing the DISCERN score and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Accuracy was evaluated using a novel Achilles tendinosis-specific content rubric developed with a foot and ankle fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon and the AAOS OrthoInfo webpage, similar to previous studies. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch Kincaid grade level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas. Higher FRE scores indicate better readability. FKGL was also compared against an 8th grade level, which represents the average US reading level. Results: The search resulted in 77 unique websites with 60 sites included for analysis. The average DISCERN score in our investigation is 42.1 which places it in the 'fair' category. Commercial websites were found to have higher DISCERN scores as compared to websites created by physicians or medical groups as well as academic websites. Our study found an average JAMA quality benchmark score of 2.2 out of 4. Our study found that on average, online patient resources on Achilles tendinosis was written at a 9th grade reading level with a FKGL score of 9.8. Academic websites were found to be written at a significantly lower reading level of 8.8. The average FRE score was 53.28 which translates to the 'fairly difficult' category. Utilizing our own content scoring system to assess the accuracy of online resources, the websites had an average accuracy of 11.5 points out of 20 possible points. Conclusion: The average online patient resource on Achilles tendinosis is too complex for the average patient, inaccurate, and is of low quality. This study found that the average website had low quality as measured by the DISCERN and JAMA benchmark scores. The average accuracy was also low as measured by our novel content specific score. The websites were also difficult to read as measured by the FRE and FKGL scores. More emphasis on improving the readability, quality, and accuracy of online patient resources on Achilles tendinosis should be undertaken in order to improve patient healthcare.

Research Trends in the Field of Special Education in Saudi Scientific Journals: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aims to identify the current status of publishing special education researches in Saudi scientific journals in the period of (2015 - 2021) and provides an analysis of research trends concerning the topics published. The study also sheds light on the variation of topics tackled in the published researches, according to specific criteria which include the research methodology, disabilities categories covered by the studies, samples, academic stages, where studies were geographically conducted, type of participation in publishing, study levels, and research financing. The analysis includes (359) researches from (32) Saudi scientific journals, which are analyzed by using the bibliometric approach. The study arrives at that the percentage of publishing the special education researches has reached (6.97%) of the total studies published in (2015 – 2021). The results indicated the top scientific journals that publishing researches in special education in the targeted period, determining the most studied disability categories, and type of research methods that used in these studies. The findings show the most special education researches have been applied in the main cities in the Kingdom. In terms of the types of authorship, it has been found that researchers are considerably inclined to the individual publication, and only a small number of studies have received financial support. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations were made to direct scientific research in the field of special education in the future.

Mythological Thinking and Philosophy

The article's primary purpose is to analyze the problems of the emergence of philosophy against the background of myth and the correlation of mythical and philosophical styles of thinking. The author substantiates the question of myth theories that do not consider the bearer's inner conviction of mythological thinking in the absolute reality of events and characters described in myths. The main features of the myth as the most ancient form of social consciousness are revealed: absolute subjective certainty, anonymity, which is expressed in an unconscious type of authorship, as well as a specific explanatory function, the essence of which is to implement the solution for a cognitive task before this task itself can be set and consciously formulated. Myth cannot be considered pre-scientific thinking, as an early form of folk art, or as primitive forms of religious worship. The crisis of mythology, which consists of its inability to perform its explanatory function, in turn, generates three new types of social consciousness: epic and other types of the poetry of personal authorship, religious teachings as a system of dogmas and organized cult actions, propagated by the prophets and supported by the priests, and philosophical thinking as a form of conscious intellectual creativity, the reliability of the results of which is supported by the personal wisdom of its author.

How Gendered Is the Peer-Review Process? A Mixed-Design Analysis of Reviewer Feedback

ABSTRACTA fair peer-review process is essential for the integrity of a discipline’s scholarly standards. However, underrepresentation of scholarly groups casts doubt on fairness, which currently is raising concerns about a gender bias in the peer-review process of premier scholarly journals such as the American Political Science Review (APSR). This study examines gender differences in APSR reviewing during the period 2007–2020. Our explorative analysis suggests that male reviewers privilege male authors and female reviewers privilege female authors, whereas manuscripts reviewed by both male and female reviewers indicate less gender bias. Using within-manuscript variation to address confounding effects, we then show that manuscripts reviewed by both male and female reviewers receive a more positive evaluation by female reviewers in terms of recommendation and sentiment, but they experience a marginally longer duration. Because these effects are not specific for type of authorship, we recommend that invitations to review should reflect mixed compositions of peers, which also may avoid overburdening an underrepresented group with review workload.

YouTube as a Source of Influenza Vaccine Information in Spanish.

Our objective was to analyze the information in Spanish on YouTube about the influenza vaccine. In August 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms “Vacuna gripe”, “Vacuna influenza”, and “Vacuna gripa”. Associations between the type of authorship, country of publication, and other variables (such as tone, hoaxes, and vaccination recommendations) were studied via univariate analysis. A total of 100 videos were evaluated; 57.0% were created in Mexico (24.0%), Argentina (17.0%), and Spain (16.0%), and 74.0% were produced by mass media or health professionals. Positive messages were detected in 65.0%. The main topics were the benefits of the vaccine (59.0%) and adverse effects (39.0%). Hoaxes were detected in 19 videos. User-generated content, compared to that of health professionals, showed a higher probability of hoaxes (odds ratio (OR) = 15.56), a lower positive tone (OR = 0.04), and less evidence of recommendations to vaccinate pregnant individuals (OR = 0.09) and people aged 60/65 or older. Videos published in Spain, in comparison with those from Hispanic America, presented significant differences in the positive tone of their messages (OR = 0.19) and in the evidence of the benefits of vaccination (OR = 0.32). A higher probability of hoaxes was detected in videos from Spain and the USA. Information in Spanish about the influenza vaccine on YouTube is usually not very complete. Spanish health professionals are urged to produce pro-vaccination videos that counteract hoaxes, and users in Hispanic America should be advised to consult videos produced in Hispanic American countries by health professionals to obtain reliable information.

Original Projections of Author’s “Self” in Modern Russian and Uzbek Short Story

This article is devoted to the analysis of the short story genre in Russian and Uzbek literature of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, in which a subjectivist-open position in attitude to reality acquires the quality of the leading principle organizing its artistic integrity. The article analyzes the whole layer of works with different realization of the triad “author-narrator-character”. These three components of its beginning are connected at one point, the author becomes both the narrator and the protagonist of a literary text. Moreover, either a partial or complete coincidence of the narrator with the author is observed. In such stories, regardless of the object of reflection, the narration is conducted in the first person and is purely subjective. We decided that it was logical to consider them in accordance with one or another specific type of authorship presented. As a result, we have developed a classification of the types of the author’s “Self”, which is represented by introverted, juvenile- retrospective and lyrical types of the author’s “Self” in modern Russian and Uzbek short stories

El autor de correspondencia en estudios métricos de la información: un análisis de la coautoría en Journal of informetrics

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las características del autor de correspondencia (AC) en el área de los estudios métricos de la información. Más específicamente, se analiza el papel del AC en los artículos publicados en coautoría en Journal of informetrics .JOI) en 2016 desde dos perspectivas: i) las características bibliométricas del AC; ii) el entendimiento del papel del AC por parte de los autores listados en los trabajos. Para alcanzar el objetivo, el análisis se realizó en dos etapas: 1) identificación del porcentaje de participación en las etapas fundamentales del desarrollo de la investigación y el índice h de los AC por tipo de autoría, categorizando las contribuciones de los autores utilizando la información de los formularios de envío de JOI; 2) evaluación cualitativa del papel del AC según el propio entendimiento de los autores de los artículos analizados, utilizando como base las respuestas de un cuestionario enviado a los autores (Hilário, 2020). Los resultados del análisis incluyen los indicadores bibliométricos relacionados con el AC por tipo de autoría (doble, triple, cuádruple o más): posición del AC en la línea de autoría; porcentaje total de contribución del AC en las principales fases del desarrollo de la investigación; índice h; así como el entendimiento de los 30 autores que respondieron el cuestionario en relación al papel del autor de correspondencia en el desarrollo de una investigación.

Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish on the basic measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: On 18 March 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms “Prevencion Coronavirus” and “Prevencion COVID-19”. We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: A total of 129 videos were evaluated; 37.2% were produced in Mexico (25.6%) and Spain (11.6%), and 56.6% were produced by mass media, including television and newspapers. The most frequently reported basic preventive measure was hand washing (71.3%), and the least frequent was not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth (24.0%). Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%). In terms of authorship, papers produced by health professionals had a higher probability of reporting hand hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 4.20 (1.17–15.09)) and respiratory hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (1.22–7.62)) as preventive measures. Conclusion: Information from YouTube in Spanish on basic measures to prevent COVID-19 is usually not very complete and differs according to the type of authorship. Our findings make it possible to guide Spanish-speaking users on the characteristics of the videos to be viewed in order to obtain reliable information.

Quality Assessment of Online Patient Information for Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin.

In an era of widespread Internet access, patients increasingly look online for health information. Given the frequency with which cosmetic botulinum toxin injection is performed, there is a need to provide patients with high-quality information about this procedure. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of printed online education materials (POEMs) about cosmetic botulinum toxin. An Internet search was performed to identify 32 websites of various authorship types. Materials were evaluated for accuracy and inclusion of key content points. Readability was measured by Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Understandability and actionability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printed Materials. The effect of authorship was measured by undertaking analysis of variance between groups. The mean [standard deviation] accuracy score among all POEMs was 4.2 [0.7], which represents an accuracy of 76% to 99%. Mean comprehensiveness was 47.0% [16.4%]. Mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease scores were 10.7 [2.1] and 47.9 [10.0], respectively. Mean understandability and actionability were 62.8% [18.8%] and 36.2% [26.5%], respectively. There were no significant differences between accuracy (P > 0.2), comprehensiveness (P > 0.5), readability (P > 0.1), understandability (P > 0.3), or actionability (P > 0.2) by authorship. There is wide variability in the quality of cosmetic botulinum toxin POEMs regardless of authorship type. The majority of materials are written above the recommended reading level and fail to include important content points. It is critical that providers take an active role in the evaluation and endorsement of online patient education materials.

Who Practises Practice Theory (and How)? (Meta-)theorists, Scholar-practitioners, (Bourdieusian) Researchers, and Social Prestige in Academia

Practice theory has become a popular and avowedly pluralistic research programme in European and Canadian international relations (IR). It promises the end of monolithic grand theorising and armchair analysis. Yet, taken together, practice theory’s pluralist character and methodological promises raise the question: who practises practice theory (and how)? I deal with this question through a discussion of three different, representative, and sociologically important books. On this basis, I depict three (ideal-)types of authorship. They include the (meta-)theorist, the scholar-practitioner, and the Bourdieusian researcher. I show that authors remake practice theory’s theoretical claims by relating practice to theory in different manners, such as deep theorising, reworking of experience in inductive theorising, and reflexive conceptualisation. I focus less on the enduring position of (meta-)theorists. I rather argue that the different academic practices indicate that the authors seek prestige within practice theory and neighboring scientific communities. For this purpose, I approach prestige as durable esteem due to occupational achievements. Finally, I ask how the new scientific demands of practice theory might impact young, less established academics. Type de manuscrit : Recension d’ouvrage Qui pratique la théorie de la pratique (et comment)? (Méta-)théoriciens, praticiens-chercheurs, chercheurs (bourdieusiens) et prestige social à l’Universit

Responsible Conduct of Research and Ethical Publishing Practices: A Proposal to Resolve ‘Authorship Disputes’ over Multi-Author Paper Publication

Responsible conduct of research and ethical publishing practices are debatable issues in the higher education literature. The literature suggests that ‘authorship disputes’ are associated with multi-author paper publication and linked to ethical publishing practices. A few research studies argue authorship matters of a multi-author paper publication, but do not explain how to arrange author list meaningfully in a multi-author paper. How is a principal author of a multi-author paper to be decided? The literature also does not clarify whether language editor(s) could claim authorship for a research paper publication? The paper adopts qualitative methodology that subsumes descriptive, evaluative, and interpretative approaches to answer these questions. While answering these questions, the paper critically examines ‘authorship disputes’ and ‘types of authorship’ relating to research paper publication practices. At the end, the paper proposes a framework that would help to resolve authorship disputes over multi-author paper publication.

An Empirical Examination of Citation in Life Science

The paper is an exploratory research that examines on the general perception that certain research papers or genre of papers, such as open-access papers, co-authored papers, etc., tend to be cited more than others. It examined the citation of 3866 papers in the field of life science published by 67 faculty members from four departments of three universities available in SCOPUS database. Analyses have been categorized into four areas viz. access type and its citation; paper type and its citation; authorship type and its citation; collaboration type and its citation. The first finding is that paidaccess articles (23.06 citation per paper (CPP)) do far better than open-access articles (13.62 CPP) in terms of citation received. Second, among the types of paper review papers (54.07 CPP) receive highest number of citations. Third, multi-authored papers receive more citation than single authored papers. Among the multi-authored papers three and four authorship are most common. It is observed that with the increase in the number of authors the number of citations also increases. Lastly, internationally collaborated papers receive more citation than domestic or national collaborated papers. Tandemly, it is also observed that 542 (14.02 per cent) papers have not received any citation. Some of these uncited papers are published more than three decades; some of them as recent as published in the year 2018.The findings here have implications on understanding the citation culture of different genres of research papers. It is not important research papers that receive more citation but there are other factors such as number of authors, type of paper, type of collaboration, etc., that determine citation.

Participation of ‘international national organisations’ in Africa’s research: a bibliometric study of agriculture and health in Zimbabwe

The study investigated the participation of so-called ‘international national organisations’ (INOs) in agricultural and health research in Zimbabwe, a country in southern Africa. An INO refers to an international organisation or an initiative of an international organisation that uses an African country address in its publications. A first objective was to develop a classification of authorship types that accommodates the phenomenon of INOs as a form of international participation next to international co-authorship. A second objective was to apply the framework to the research output of Zimbabwe in the period 1980–2016, to determine whether changes in authorship types, and also INO participation, coincide with changes in the country’s socio-economic context. The dataset was compiled by integrating relevant Zimbabwean articles from Scopus and Web of Science. It comprised 10,753 articles across all fields, of which 2091 were in agriculture and 4353 in health. The results showed that, in the period 2009–2016, 36% of articles in agriculture involved an INO. The corresponding figure for health was 15%. Participation by INOs rarely occurred without any international co-authorship also being present. A visualization of the location of INOs in author research networks revealed a small number of INO authors occupying prominent spaces in the networks for agriculture and health, with the INO authors being of different kinds (e.g. ‘INO only affiliated authors’ vs. ‘INO affiliated authors with other local and foreign affiliations’). It is concluded that relatively small tailor-made bibliometric datasets, developed for African countries with small science systems, have the potential to produce new insights and frameworks to direct future studies on research in Africa.