Type Of Assault Research Articles

Medico-Legal Cases (MLC) Presented at a Tertiary Care Center and Acute Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Survivors

Objectives: An observational, prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with victims of physical assault and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
 Material & Methods: All the registered medico-legal cases reported to the emergency department of Gambat hospital were included in the study. The data was collected on a predefined questionnaire including age, gender, mode of injury, weapon of the injury, type of assault (blunt or penetrating), firearm injuries, and road traffic accidents from medico-legal registers. Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to assess Post-traumatic stress disorder.
 Results: The mean age (SD) of victims was 29.3 (10.25) years. Blunt injuries were experienced by 47 (31.33%) victims. The majority of the victims suffered road traffic collision injuries, 59 (39.33%). Forty-eight (32%) victims had substantially higher IES scores (above 37) that confirmed severe PTSD that may contribute to the suppression of the immune system’s functioning among survivors. The majority of the victims were between 18 and 40 years.
 Conclusion: The most common cases were related to road traffic collisions followed by blunt injuries. The incidence rate of PTSD was also prevalent in these individuals. Thus, strategies should be developed to prevent such incidents and those who suffer from such traumatic events must be offered psychiatric consultation.

Prisoner-on-prisoner drug searches in prisons in England and Wales: ‘Business as usual’

Prisoner reported drug and contraband searches in adult men’s prisons in England and Wales represented almost a quarter of reported and recorded ‘sexual assaults’ from 2004 to 2014. These searches are more likely to involve multiple perpetrators and weapon use than other types of sexual assaults and are most frequently carried out in the relative privacy of a cell. The research presented here is based on an analysis of Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (formerly the National Offender Management Service) Incident Recording System data, providing insights into the proportion of recorded sexual assaults which are related to drug searches. This analysis enables a distinction to be made between prisoner-on-prisoner drug and contraband searches and other sexual assaults. Analysis shows that prisoner-on-prisoner searches are frequent, often pre-meditated, brutal and appear to be an accepted aspect of everyday prison life.

Are All Substance-Involved Sexual Assaults Alike? A Comparison of Victim Alcohol Use, Drug Use, and Combined Substance Use in Sexual Assaults

Sexual assaults involving victim substance use at the time of the assault are common, but little is known about how different types of substances used at the time of the assault impact post-assault outcomes. The current study sought to compare victim alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance use in sexual assaults among a community sample of 693 victims. It was hypothesized that victims in the combined substance use assault type would report overall worse post-assault outcomes, more contextual and interpersonal traumas, and higher assault severity. Our results partially confirmed these hypotheses, but victims in the drug-involved assault type group overall reported higher assault severity and worse post-assault outcomes. These findings are probably partially attributed to the demographic characteristics of victims in the drug-only group (e.g., Black victims) who are more likely to experience a higher severity of violence. Implications for future research and policy regarding drug decriminalization are discussed.

Sexual Victimization and Mental Health in Female University Students.

Although sexual assaults on female university students are a public health concern, studies that have examined this issue have not used behaviorally specific definitions of the various types of sexual victimization. Furthermore, hardly any data exists on female Spanish university students. The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence of different forms of sexual assault against female Spanish university students, determine the risk factors associated with sexual assault, analyze the association between sexual victimization and mental health problems, and determine the differential risk of more serious types of sexual assault. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 871 students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) (mean age 20.7 years, SD = 2.8). The current study assessed various types of sexual violence (i.e., unwanted sexual contact, attempted coercion, coercion, attempted rape, rape), as well as rates of depression, anxiety, stress, eating disorders, substance abuse, suicide risk, and suicide attempts. Of the female students surveyed, 28.5% had suffered some form of sexual violence during the previous year, 22.3% reported unwanted sexual contact, 8.8% attempted coercion, 6.5% coercion, 10.4% attempted rape, and 7.9% had been raped. Lower risk was associated with having a partner and being heterosexual. Being 18 years of age and prior experiences of sexual victimization were associated with higher risk. Being the victim of attempted coercion was associated with a higher risk of depression, while victims of attempted rape were at higher risk for substance use. Rape victims were at the highest risk for all mental health conditions studied, with the exception of suicide attempts. Due to the high rates at which Spanish female university students experience sexual violence, planning and resources are needed to address their mental health needs, especially those who are victims of rape.

Phishing Website Detection Using Novel Features And Machine Learning Approach

Phishing, a type of digital assault adversely affects individuals where the client is coordinated to counterfeit sites and tricked to uncover their delicate and individual data which incorporates passwords of records, bank subtleties, ATM pin-card subtleties and so forth Subsequently shielding touchy data from malwares or web real; irregular woods phishing is troublesome. Inferable from the restrictions of existing advances in identifying a phishing site, anticipating that the users should notice and can decide if a URL is phishing or genuine would be unreasonable, wasteful and mistaken. Consequently, in tending to these difficulties, a robotized approach should be considered for phishing site recognition. This research aims at detecting phishing website using novel features and machine learning algorithm. The input URL websites are first feature extracted using Convolutional auto encoder. Then those features are sent to deep neural network classifier for better classification of Phishing and legitimate URL’s. The system is tested for its accuracy and detection rate. It shows that the implemented system is best in detecting phishing websites with 89% accuracy.

Effectiveness of a Sexual Assault Self-defense Program for American Indian Girls.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-session (12-hour) empowerment self-defense classroom delivered curriculum (i.e., IMpower) among American Indian girls. Girls (N = 74) in one middle school and two high schools on an Indian Reservation in the Great Plains region of the United States received the intervention and completed a pre-test and a post-test six months following the final program session. The surveys administered assessed hypothesized intermediary (i.e., efficacy to resist a sexual assault, self-defense knowledge), primary (i.e., sexual violence victimization), and secondary (i.e., physical dating violence, sexual harassment) outcomes. Native American girls (N = 181) in five middle schools and three high schools in a nearby city where there was no sexual assault prevention occurring completed surveys assessing sexual violence, physical dating violence, and sexual harassment victimization approximately six months apart, thus serving as a comparison to girls in the treatment condition on primary and secondary outcomes. Girls exposed to the IMpower program reported significant increases over time in efficacy to resist a sexual assault and knowledge of effective resistance strategies. Furthermore, propensity score analyses suggested that girls who received the IMpower program reported significantly fewer types of sexual assault and sexual harassment at follow-up compared to girls in the control condition. However, no effect was found for physical dating violence. These data suggest that empowerment self-defense is a promising approach in preventing sexual assault and sexual harassment among American Indian girls.

Occupational stress and mental suffering among emergency staff

IntroductionIn emergency departments, workers regularly report unfavorable working conditions. It’s a stressful workplace with excessive workloads, high demands on patient care including exposure to violence, time pressures and overcrowding.Objectives-Identify the prevalence of violence, psychological distress and job stress in the emergency department. -Investigate risk factors of aggression among emergency department staff.MethodsThis study is a descriptive-cross sectional analysis study conducted on emergency department staff. Data were collected through a questionnaire including sociodemographic information, circumstances of the aggression, the Karasek questionnaire, and the GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire).ResultsOur study included 62 health workers. Half of the population were physicians. The prevalence of assault was estimated at 59.6%. Psychological distress was noted in 64.5% of cases. Occupational stress was estimated at 75.8%. The most common type of assault was verbal aggression (86.4%). The aggressor was most often an accompanying person. The occurrence of violence was not associated with the worker’s psychological distress or job stress. On the other hand, we noted an association between aggression and variable work schedule.ConclusionsViolence against healthcare workers in the emergency department is an important phenomenon. Preventive actions should be taken to improve health professional wellbeing at work.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Basic requirements for active exoskeletons of assault type designed to be included in military equipment

The article provides a brief analysis of the existing scientific and technical groundwork created by Russian and for-eign experts in the field of development of exoskeletal structures for military purposes. It proposes a list of the main tactical and technical requirements for active exoskeletons of the assault type based on the results of the analysis, taking into account the main directions for improving of the combat equipment of military personnel.

Risk and protective factors for mental health outcomes among sexual minority and heterosexual college women and men

Objective: Understand the relationship between risk factors (eg, different sexual assault types – coercive, physical, incapacitation by alcohol/drugs) and protective factors (eg, strong maternal ties) with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students. Participants: Six hundred twenty-five undergraduate students. Methods: Students completed paper and pencil surveys in fall 2019 at a large public university. Results: Risk factors of child physical and sexual abuse, all three sexual assault types, and combined sexual assault were associated with greater PTSD symptoms while maternal relationship quality and religious influence served as protective factors. Risk factors of child physical and sexual abuse, coercive sexual assault, and combined sexual assault were associated with depressive symptoms while maternal relationship quality served as a protective factor. Males who identified as sexual minority (SM) had more PTSD symptoms compared to females who identified as SM. Conclusions: Findings have implications for targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes.

Correlates of Support Utilization After Experiencing a Sexual Assault Among College Women and Men.

Though previous research has examined survivors' use of formal and informal services, less research has looked at whether sexual orientation, race, and different sexual assault types (e.g., coercive) are associated with seeking support services. The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with utilizing services or support from informal sources (e.g., telling a friend) and formal sources (e.g., psychological counseling) following a sexual assault. Data were gathered in Fall and Spring of 2019-2020 from undergraduate students at a Midwestern university. Logistic regression results showed that heterosexual students had 56% lower odds of using informal supports, while females were 2.05 times more likely to have used informal supports compared to their counterparts. Students who reported more heavy drinking had 37% lower odds of using informal supports compared to their counterparts. Those who experienced physical and incapacitated sexual assault were 2.09 times and 3.60 times more likely to have used informal supports, respectively. Additionally, older students were 1.35 times more likely to have used formal supports compared to younger students, whereas heterosexual students had 67% lower odds of using formal supports compared to sexual minority students. Those with greater PTSD symptoms were 1.07 times more likely to access formal services. Finally, students with greater depressive symptoms had 8% lower odds of using formal supports. Identifying college students who are less likely to access support services following a sexual assault has important implications for targeted prevention and intervention.

ARIBC: Online Reporting Based on Identity-Based Cryptography

The reporting of incidents of misconduct, violence, sexual assault, harassment, and other types of crime that constitute a major concern in modern society is of significant value when investigating such incidents. Unfortunately, people involved in such incidents, either as witnesses or victims, are often reluctant to report them when such reporting demands revealing the reporter’s true identity. In this paper, we propose an online reporting system that leverages Identity-Based Cryptography (IBC) and offers data authentication, data integrity, and data confidentiality services to both eponymous and anonymous users. The system, called ARIBC, is founded on a certificate-less, public-key, IBC infrastructure, implemented by employing the Sakai–Kasahara approach and by following the IEEE 1363.3-2013 standard. We develop a proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed scheme, and demonstrate its applicability in environments with constrained human, organizational and/or computational resources. The computational overheads imposed by the scheme are found to be well within the capabilities of modern fixed or mobile devices.

COVID-19 pandemic and violence: rising risks and decreasing urgent care-seeking for sexual assault and domestic violence survivors

BackgroundThere is little information on care-seeking patterns for sexual assault and domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in emergency department (ED) admissions for sexual assault and domestic violence since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared.MethodsObservational ED admissions data from The Ottawa Hospital were analyzed from March 4 to May 5 (62 days) in 2020 (COVID-19 period) and compared to the same period in 2018 (pre-COVID-19). Total and mean weekly admissions were calculated for all-cause ED admissions and for sexual and domestic violence cases. A Poisson regression (without offset term) was used to calculate the weekly case count ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between the two time periods. Case characteristics were compared using chi-square tests, and percent differences were calculated.ResultsCompared to pre-COVID-19, total ED admissions dropped by 1111.22 cases per week (32.9% reduction), and the Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Program cases dropped 4.66 cases per week. The weekly case count ratio for sexual assault cases was 0.47 (95% CI 0.79–0.27), equivalent of 53.49% reduction in cases, and 0.52 (95% CI 0.93–0.29), equivalent to a 48.45% reduction in physical assault cases. The characteristics of presenting cases were similar by age (median 25 years), sex (88.57% female), assault type (57.14% sexual assault, 48.57% physical assault), and location (31.43% patient’s home, 40.00% assailant’s home). There was a significant increase in psychological abuse (11.69% vs 28.57%) and assaults occurring outdoors (5.19% vs 22.86%).ConclusionThis study found a decrease in ED admissions for sexual assault and domestic violence during COVID-19, despite societal conditions that elevate risk of violence. Trends in care-seeking and assault patterns will require ongoing monitoring to inform the provision of optimal support for individuals experiencing violence, particularly as countries begin to re-open or lock-down again.

Machine Learning Empowered Security Management and Quality of Service Provision in SDN-NFV Environment

With the rising demand for data access, network service providers face the challenge of growing their capital and operating costs while at the same time enhancing network capacity and meeting the increased demand for access. To increase efficacy of Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) framework, we need to eradicate network security configuration errors that may create vulnerabilities to affect overall efficiency, reduce network performance, and increase maintenance cost. The existing frameworks lack in security, and computer systems face few abnormalities, which prompts the need for different recognition and mitigation methods to keep the system in the operational state proactively. The fundamental concept behind SDN-NFV is the encroachment from specific resource execution to the programming-based structure. This research is around the combination of SDN and NFV for rational decision making to control and monitor traffic in the virtualized environment. The combination is often seen as an extra burden in terms of resources usage in a heterogeneous network environment, but as well as it provides the solution for critical problems specially regarding massive network traffic issues. The attacks have been expanding step by step; therefore, it is hard to recognize and protect by conventional methods. To overcome these issues, there must be an autonomous system to recognize and characterize the network traffic’s abnormal conduct if there is any. Only four types of assaults, including HTTP Flood, UDP Flood, Smurf Flood, and SiDDoS Flood, are considered in the identified dataset, to optimize the stability of the SDN-NFV environment and security management, through several machine learning based characterization techniques like Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR) and Isolation Forest (IF). Python is used for simulation purposes, including several valuable utilities like the mine package, the open-source Python ML libraries Scikit-learn, NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib. Few Flood assaults and Structured Query Language (SQL) injections anomalies are validated and effectively-identified through the anticipated procedure. The classification results are promising and show that overall accuracy lies between 87% to 95% for SVM, LR, KNN, and IF classifiers in the scrutiny of traffic, whether the network traffic is normal or anomalous in the SDN-NFV environment.

Assaults During Lockdown in Nsw and Victoria

We study the relationship between Covid-19 lockdowns and domestic assaults in New South Wales and Victoria using police data on crime by Local Government Area over the period 2019-2020. We apply both Ordinary Least Squares and a fixed effect estimator, and find that domestic assaults decline during the lockdowns of 2020, but less than other types of assaults. As a result, there is a higher relative incidence of domestic assaults rather than an overall increase in crime. The results are robust to omitted variable bias based on Oster's (2019) test, and mimic Boman and Gallupe (2020) - a similar study carried out in the US.

Cluster based Certificate Blocking Scheme using Improved False Accusation Algorithm

The aggregation of mobile nodes without the use of a base station is known as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS). In nature, the nodes are moving. These networks are not connected and thus subject to security attacks due to their mobility. There are several mechanisms proposed to prevent mishaps while routing of the packets in such networks methods: The methodology outlined in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks to protect against various types of assaults is based on a recent method known as Cooperative Bait Detection Scheme. Its implementation scenario demonstrates that in the event of Sybil assaults, the packet delivery ratio and performance are low. on the network. Our goal is to propose a cluster-based methodology to improve delays, packet delivery ratio, and other performance assessment criteria. Improved Cooperative Bait Detection recommends a disjointed multipath technique to avoid attacks. Until date, the dropped packet delivery ratio has been the key to preventing collaborative and Sybil assaults. In the Hybrid Cooperative Bait Detection Scheme, nodes are verified in two stages: first, on the basis of packet delivery ratio, and then, in the second stage, the exact cause of performance decline is explored to check node behavior. In order to improve security, certifying procedures must be used to clustered networks. For malevolent entities, the false accusation algorithm provided certificate revocation and blocking approaches. An algorithm is proposed that remembers false accusations for a set period of time in order to increase the number of normal nodes in the network and hence improve the system's performance. Results: With the help of NS2 simulation, the clustering approach was evaluated by considering several Sybil-attack network scenarios. When the proposed work is compared to other ways such as Cooperative Bait Detection Scheme, Improve Comparative Bait Detection Scheme, and Hybrid Comparative Bait Detection Scheme, the results show that Packet Delivery Ratio and performance are improved for Sybil attackers over the internet. In conjunction with Certifying authority, the Cluster Head in the network identifies and prevents false complaints. The results of the comparison using several performance parameters reveal that the new strategy outperforms the existing ones. As the number of normal nodes in the system grows, the system will be able to work at its best, preventing various types of attacks.

To what extent does sexual assault affect mental health?

This study aimed to examine the effects of the assault on mental health with the time since the event of sexual assault, the characteristics of the perpetrator and the victim, and psychiatric diagnoses. A retrospective examination was made of the records of 105 cases of sexual assault of all age groups, who were referred for forensic psychiatric examination by the forensic authorities between 1 January 2012 and 30 December 2017 to the Inonu University Medical Faculty Health Committee for the Determination of Sexual Abuse/Assault Crimes. In the examination, the characteristics of the abuse, the type of sexual assault and effects on mental health, psychiatric diagnoses of the victim after the event, and psychiatric diagnoses made after examination by the committee were evaluated retrospectively. The 105 cases examined comprised 83 (79%) females and 22 (21%) males with a mean age of 14.3±7.4 years, and 22 (21%) cases aged ≥18 years. The types of sexual assault were non-penetrative assault in 56 (53.3%) cases and penetrative assault in 49 (46.7%). Mental health impairment at a level that impaired functionality was determined in 52 (49.5%) cases and at a level that did not impair functionality in 53 (50.5%) cases. It seems to be inevitable that mental health is affected following sexual assault. Moreover, a mental disorder at a level that will impair the functionality of the victim may emerge with the passage of time since the sexual assault and the degree of this impairment may only be revealed with examinations made after a certain time.

Ageing agony: Rape against elderly women

Introduction: Rape is a type of sexual assault and brutal, demeaning, cruel act perpetrated without concern. Despite extensive research on rape, especially in India, there exists an important gap in knowledge around elderly victims. The rapist has been considered by many clinicians as the victim of uncontrollable urges or the recipient of a disordered personality. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the situation during the commission of the crime and what was the relationship between the victim and the offender in committing the heinous crime. Methods: In this research, data were obtained from print media and electronic media from 2004 to 2018. A total number of 49 cases were found reported during this period of work. This study is based on quantitative findings using the unobtrusive method of content analysis. The elderly women aged 60 and above were taken for the study. Results: The results show that cruelty was involved in more than one-fourth of the cases. In most of the cases, victims were targeted as they were alone in their homes. In some cases, the offenders were found in a state of inebriation at the time of the crime. The crime was committed mostly by the impulsive type rapist. Conclusions: The findings challenge the social norms and have implications for future research, policy, and practice.

Dynamic Analysis on Crypto-ransomware by using Machine Learning: GandCrab Ransomware

A ransomware is a unique class of malware which has gotten extremely famous in digital crooks to corkscrew cash. It categorizes the client confines by accessing their machines (PCs, cell phones and IoT gadgets) unless the payoff is paid. Consistently, security specialists report numerous types of ransomware assaults, including ransomware families. User’s data will be collected at the time of dynamic process. The collected data will be in crypto ransomware type from that we can extract features like IP address, file length, URL. We will do dynamic analyse of the presently data with the antecedent data. Using machine learning algorithm (by combining Random Forest, Gradient Tree Boosting and Support Vector machine algorithm) we can classify the data as benign or ransomware. The achievement rate of classification using machine learning algorithm is 98.45% with false rate 0.01.The proposed achievement rate will be compared among linear regression, navie Bayes and adaboost algorithm. Gandcrab ransomware-Version, algorithm is to be identified.

Establishing self-healing and error correction in wireless sensor networks using honeypot database

The quantity of noxious assault has been ascending due to rise of fresh susceptibilities as well as types of assaults that has been found every day. The stemming of growing counts of pernicious movement in remote system, it has been of a great interest for assault examination as well as the recognizable proof of new dangers. In a model of this kind, safety has not been considered as a condition, but rather a procedure, that implies so as one have to continually enhance and improve safety instruments to ensure worms in system. In order to establish legitimate safety framework one has to recognize and examine the dangers unmistakably. Honeypots, devices for assault examination and zero-day abuse revelation, have been uninvolved in sitting tight for an aggressor. The present study tries to suggest a methodology that involves procedure that has three stages to make it into a successful usage of honeypots taking into account participation amongst honeypots. The system through the methodology programmed distinguishing proof of malignant exercises would be executed in system. The methodology in this study utilizes strategies for i. Hub verification, ii. Self Healing, iii. Mistake Correction. The suggested programmed systems have been effective as well as require neither past preparation nor information of assault marks so as to distinguish malevolent exercises. Server, Database that is real and data based on Honeypot have been utilized to screen besides to explore the vindictive movement in the system. Server has been utilized for social affair hub data since group leader as well as saves the data in a genuine and information has been depending on the Honeypot in light of hubs data. Through the helping of this methodology section of new noxious hub would be confined. At long last, three stage procedure presented in this study distinguish pernicious action and gives secure system.

대학 성폭력의 법적 책임 제 유형 및 상호관계 - 교원-학생 간의 대학 성폭력을 중심으로 -

This paper deals with the types of legal liability for campus sexual assault of teachers and their relationship. First, we look at how the rules on campus sexual assault define sexual violence. The majority of the rules on campus sexual assault define the types of sexual assault divided into sexual violence crimes and sexual harassment. This is a reflection of the legislative attitude of the current law.<BR> The types of legal liabilities of teachers who commit sexual assault will then be largely divided into disciplinary, criminal and civil liabilities to examine each of the main contents. Among these legal liabilities, the relationship between disciplinary liabilities and criminal liabilities, which has been subject to much controversy, is reviewed, especially from the perspective of double jeopardy. The principle of double jeopardy means that the same crime cannot be criminally punished the same crime. Even if both criminal punishment and discipline are imposed on a same act, it does not constitute double punishment. This is because discipline and criminal punishment are each recognized as different in terms of purpose and content.<BR> However, the confusion of procedural and substantive perceptions about the relationship between discipline and criminal punishment remains in reality. In other words, there is still a gap between legal principles and legal perceptions of the public. The situation should be resolved little by little through mutual coordination while maintaining the independence of disciplinary and criminal liability. It is inappropriate to approach disciplinary action based on criminal liability even though criminal liability is not an issue regarding sexual assault of teachers. However, if criminal liability is a problem, it would be desirable to proceed with disciplinary action after the investigation or the first trial. At the same time, it is necessary to place a regulation on suspending disciplinary proceedings in the rules on campus sexual assault. However, it should be remembered that the denial of criminal liability does not mean that it is impossible to impose disciplinary action against sexual assault.