Separate Types Research Articles

С этой ракеты начинался наш путь в «Тополиную рощу» (о проведении летных испытаний межконтинентальной баллистической ракеты РТ-2 на полигоне «Плесецк»)

In the first half of the 1960s, Special Design Bureau No. 1 created the RT-2 intercontinental ballistic missile. The use of the new missile in the Strategic Missile Forces was supposed to be part of the Separate Start type missile system. It was meant to be a worthy response to the American Minutemen. For the RT-2 rocket flight development tests, an experimental test base (technical and launch positions, command-measuring and computing complexes) and infrastructure facilities (roads, bridges) were created, fall fields and target fields were prepared, testing military units were formed, and personnel was trained. In 1966-68, flight tests of the RT-2 rocket were carried out as part of the 15P098 missile system. Although the RT-2 missile did not match the American Minutemen in terms of shooting accuracy and throw-weight, it was put into service and its modified version was on combat duty until 1994. The RT-2 became the first domestic solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile. An original layout and a new control system allowed it to “almost catch up” with the characteristics of Minuteman-2 and created the prerequisites for its further modernization. An excellent silo launcher, the best command post at that time, the first remote control and monitoring systems, and a small number of maintenance personnel made the system with these missiles one of the best in the Strategic Missile Forces at the beginning of the 1970s. The purpose of this article is to summarize information about the flight development tests of the RT-2 missile at the 53rd Research Test Site of the USSR Ministry of Defense (Mirny, Arkhangelsk Region). To achieve it, in addition to official documents and technical documentation, the author used information from the archives of testing military units and memories of participants in the events.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF PEDAGOGICAL PERSONNEL: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

This article presents an overview of domestic and foreign publications on the evaluation of the professional activity of teachers. We singled out the model of internal evaluation, which consists of the evaluation of the teacher's professional activity based on the results of the students' educational activity and the formative evaluation, which is based on observations of the teacher's activity. As a separate type of assessment, we provide a model of external assessment, namely the certification of teaching staff. In each evaluation model, researchers pay attention to their positive and negative characteristics. Existing schemes for evaluating the teacher's professional activity have various forms, they differ significantly in terms of frameworks, methods, criteria, standards and tools for collecting data on the teacher's activity. Teacher evaluations in Western countries differ in the procedures for conducting them, and often the differences lie in the scale of the evaluation, the frequency of the evaluation, the determination of those responsible, the development of criteria, the methods of collecting information for this process, the impact of the results on the educational process and the position of the teacher. Most of the authors of the presented publications are united in the fact that the system of evaluation of the teacher's professional activity should be organized in such a way that it contributes to his professional growth, so that different models, forms, methods, methods of evaluation can be used in one educational institution, so that they are a tool that contributes to the improvement of the quality of the educational process.

Modern View on Potentials of Forensic Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Expertise

Abstract The great number of drugs and their variety have increased the potential of therapy but increased the risks of crimes related to the production, sale, and use of medicines. The prosecution of such crimes requires pharmaceutical or pharmacological expertise. The development of forensic pharmacy and forensic pharmacology is relevant and needs consideration of their modern capabilities. The purpose of the work is to analyze literature data on the scientific basis of forensic pharmaceutical and pharmacological expertise and their modern possibilities. The texts of articles, book chapters, and websites were studied using keywords relevant to the purpose of the review. It is shown, that modern forensic pharmaceutical expertise is a separate type of expertise that focuses on the study of drugs and documents that regulate the production, distribution, and quality of medicines. It uses the latest analytical methods of pharmacy. A pharmacologist analyzes body fluids and tissues and interprets the resulting data to help courts and investigators assess the role of a drug in the person’s behavior, illness, injury, or death. The range of issues included in the pharmacological examination is fully within the competence of the forensic medical examination, which can be appointed in civil cases or criminal proceedings connected with harm to health or death. Forensic pharmacology is not the same as forensic toxicology or pharmacovigilance and requires a separate approach based on purely pharmacological knowledge.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДОХОДНОСТИ РОССИЙСКИХ СУБФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ ОБЛИГАЦИЙ

The article discusses the main theoretical aspects of the essence of subfederal bonds. It is noted that there is no generally accepted classification of bonds in the Russian bond market. In the article, the authors identified subfederal bonds as a separate type of bonds. It is determined that despite the growth in the volume of subfederal bond issuance, their share in the bond market is decreasing. The article presents the results of the analysis of foreign methods of modeling bond yields. It is noted that the analyzed methods were based on correlation and regression analysis. In the article, the authors also used correlation and regression analysis as a tool for modeling the yield of Russian subfederal bonds. The article indicates a set of factors to be included in the author's methodology, which were selected based on the work of foreign researchers. In the model, the authors used factors such as the key rate, the consumer price index, the credit rating of the region, the regional budget deficit, and the unemployment rate in the region. The paper presents the stages of the author's methodology, as well as a model of the yield of subfederal bonds. There is a list of 12 bonds from 12 regions of Russia that are included in the sample for testing the methodology. It is noted that the sample was formed on the basis of panel data. Based on the obtained parameters of the author's subfederal bond yield model, the authors evaluated the parameters of the multiple regression model, as well as assessed the quality of the subfederal bond yield model. As a result, a model of subfederal bond yields is presented. The model can be used to predict an existing issue, as well as to model the yield of a new issue of subfederal bonds.

Віртуальний туризм - доступний вид туризму

Digitization effectively permeates every industry in this era of globalization and world change. The tourism industry is no exception, where elements of digitization and digitization are used and involved. As a result of the integration of technologies in the tourism industry, such a concept as "virtual or digital tourism" will appear. This is a modern full-fledged type of tourism, which is popular among all audiences of visitors. The phenomenon of virtualization is becoming relevant because the consumer of the service and the tourist service itself are changing, and it is becoming flexible to such visitors as inclusive tourists. But the formation of the service is influenced by other factors of world globalization - the development of technologies, psychological factors of the visitor's perception of the service. Virtual tourism, as a separate type of tourism, does not limit visitors either in movements, not in time, or in space. Therefore, virtual tourism is gaining momentum and popularity among all audiences of consumers of tourist services in the virtual world. One of its functions is as a prelude to a real trip. However, for the audience of inclusive tourists, it is a full-price and affordable replacement for traveling in physical space. But such tourists can apply for the definition category - "virtual tourist".

Prospects for the Development of the Institute of Parole in the Russian Federation

Introduction. This article deals with the actual problem of the possibility of conditional early release from serving a sentence of persons who have made a decision to voluntarily participate in hostilities in the interests of the Russian Federation. This issue has not been settled by the domestic legislator, although in objective reality cases of involvement of convicted persons to participate in hostilities, with their subsequent release, are becoming more common. As an example, the private military companie “Wagner” can be cited. Methods. The methodological basis of the work is the general philosophical dialectical-materialistic method of cognition, as well as general scientific methods (historical, logical) research. Results. The analysis of the national historical experience of attracting convicted persons to serve in military formations is carried out. The similarities and differences in the procedure for attracting convicted persons to participate in hostilities as part of the private military companie “Wagner” and as part of the penal units of the Red Army are highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there are two possible options for the development of criminal law in the sphere of attracting convicted persons to participate in hostilities. The first is to consider the involvement of convicted persons in hostilities as a separate type of punishment; the second is to consider these cases as a form of conditional early release from serving a sentence. The second option seems to be more preferable, on the basis of which comprehensive amendments to domestic legislation are proposed, in particular, the addition of art. 79 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is a new part, which provides for the possibility of parole from serving a sentence with a referral to service in a penal military unit.

The Influence of Reservoir Architecture on the Connectivity of the Shahejie Formation in the Liuzhong Oilfield

The lack of research on fine reservoir structure and sand body patterns in the Jidong Oilfield currently restricts the efficient development of the oilfield. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on the study of the main types of facies of the Shahejie Formation, sand body splicing patterns, and the degree of sand-body connectivity. The interpretation and analysis of well-logging, three-dimensional (3D) seismic, and production data were used to lay the foundation for the study and evaluate the remaining oil distribution. The results indicate that the reservoir sandstones in the study area were mainly deposited in a submerged distributary channel, mouth bar, and distributary channel flank. Using logging information to identify individual sands, a deltaic sand assemblage pattern is proposed by analyzing the sedimentary architecture. In the vertical direction, the deltaic sand body collocation style can be divided into cut-and-stack and separated types. In the lateral direction, the multi-stage sand bodies exhibit three collocation patterns: the side-cutting type, the mouth bar contact type, and the submerged distributary channel flank contact type. The degree of sand-body connectivity under different splicing patterns was analyzed and verified using production dynamic data. It was found that the sand body splicing pattern with a vertical up-cut stack and the sand body splicing pattern with a lateral up-cut had the best inter-sand-body connectivity.

PECULIARITIES OF THE HOTEL DISCOURSE AS A PARTICULAR TYPE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSE

Problem statement. The article considers the peculiarities of the digital discourse as one of the new types of discourse that appeared thanks to the wide usage of the Internet. The Internet-communication is now an integral part of modern life and it has spread to all spheres of life. And the sphere of the hotel business is not an exception. That’s why the article is dedicated to the research of the specific features of the digital hotel discourse that can be used to classify it as a separate type of discourse. Results. The article shows the main specific features of digital discourse. Besides, there were analyzed the main characteristic peculiarities of digital hotel discourse. Conclusion. On the basis of the study of maim characteristic features of discourse, it was established that the hotel discourse can be classified as a separate kind of institutional discourse. There are some distinctive features that are specific only for the hotel discourse (goals, participants and chronotope differ from other types of discourse). Its globality, bimodality and a high level of creolization help to reach the main aim of hotel discourse – to satisfy the addressee (clients) needs in high-quality hotel service.

Improvement of Charge/Discharge Performance of Li Metal Battery Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte with 3DOM PI Separator

Ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs) have attracted attention as promising electrolyte candidates. ILEs can realize non-flammable rechargeable batteries. In addition, other advantages of ILEs are negligible volatility and high thermal stability. These properties can improve the safety of Li metal batteries. However, conventional polyolefin separators cannot be used due to low affinity with highly viscos electrolytes such as highly concentrated electrolytes and ILEs. So far, glass filters with thicknesses of several hundred micrometers have been used as alternatives. However, it is too thick to realize a real cell. Furthermore, the glass filter shows low reversibility of Li deposition/dissolution due to its non-uniform pore structure. It is known that Li deposition/dissolution sometime results in an internal short circuit which is caused by inhomogeneous Li deposition. The separator has a large effect on the uniformity of Li deposition/dissolution behavior. Therefore, new separators with good properties, such as high affinity with electrolyte, hightypemechanical strength, suitable thickness and excellent reversibility of Li deposition/dissolution are strongly required. So far, we have developed a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polyimide (3DOM PI) memblane with a thickness of 30 micrometers as a separator having a good affinity with ILEs. In this study, we improved the performance of Li metal batteries by using both ILEs and 3DOM PI separator. Three types of separators were used in this study; glass filter (Whatman, GF/A, 260 μm), surfactant coated polypropylene (PP) (25 μm) and 3DOM PI separator (30 μm). 3DOM PI separator was prepared by using a colloidal template method. Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and N-metyl-N-Propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide mixture with a molar ratio 1:1 was used as the ILE. Li deposition/dissolution was carried out by using Li symmetric cell with three types of separators and the ILE, in order to investigate the Li deposition/dissolution behavior. The Li deposition/dissolution capacities for all tests were 1 mA h cm-2. Fig. 1 shows the voltage profiles during the Li deposition/dissolution using different current densities. In the case of the 3DOM PI separator, the stable Li deposition/dissolution behavior was observed up to the current density of 3.0 mA cm-2. In the case of the surfactant coated PP separator, the applicable maximum current density was 1.5 mA cm-2. In the case of the glass filter, an internal short circuit was observed even at lower current density. The Li deposition/dissolution behavior strongly depends on the types of separators, and the 3DOM PI separator provides most stable Li deposition/dissolution, especially at high current density. Fig. 2 shows the voltage profiles during the Li deposition/dissolution cycles at the current density of 1 mA cm-2. In the case of the 3DOM PI separator, the highly stable Li deposition/dissolution was observed over 150 cycles. In contrast, in the case of the surfactant coated PP separator, unstable Li deposition/dissolution was observed after the 50th cycle, probably due to micro-short circuit. In the case of the glass filter, the internal short circuit was more clearly observed at the initial cycles. From the above results, it is confirmed that the 3DOM PI separator can provide stable Li deposition/dissolution behavior. This is due to the uniform structure of the 3DOM PI separator and high stability of ILE. Figure 1

Impact of thermal desorption tubes on the variability of exhaled breath data

Due to the overall low abundance of volatile compounds in exhaled breath, it is necessary to preconcentrate the sample prior to traditional thermal desorption (TD) gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. While certain aspects of TD tubes, such as volatile storage, have been evaluated, many aspects remain uncharacterized. Two common TD tubes, Tenax TA and Biomonitoring 5TD tubes, were evaluated for background content and flow rate variability. The data illustrate that the Biomonitoring 5TD tubes have the highest number (23) and abundance of background contamination greater than 3x the mean noise when compared to Tenax TA (13) and empty tubes (9). Tentative identifications of the compounds in the background contamination experiment show that greater than 59% (16/27) of the compounds identified have been reported in the breath literature. The data illustrate the TD tube background abundance could account for more than 70% of the chromatographic signal from exhaled breath for these select compounds. Flow rate measurements of 200 Tenax TA and 200 Biomonitoring 5TD tubes show a large range in measured flow rates among the TD tubes (Tenax: 252.9–284.0 ml min−1, 5TD: 220.6–255.1 ml min−1). Finally, TD tubes of each type, Tenax TA and Biomonitoring 5TD, previously established to have high, medium, and low flow rates, show insignificant differences (p > 0.05) among the tubes of different flow rates, using both gas standards and an exhaled breath from a peppermint experiment. Collectively, these results establish overall background compounds attributed to each TD tube type tested. Additionally, while measured flow rate variability is present and plausibly impacts exhaled breath results, the data demonstrate no statistically significant difference was observed between tubes showing high, medium, and low flow rates from two separate sample types.

THE ROLE OF TRANSLATION IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

The processes of translation as a separate type of communication, and examines the types of linguistic competence in the communication process that are associated with the transfer of information is studied in the article. The obstacles that arise during translation are identified, and the translation process is revealed as a result and act of communication. Practical translation methods are identified. It enables maximum improvement of translation and minimization of all difficulties arising in the translation process. The use of various methods and techniques of active learning arouses students' interest in the educational and cognitive activity itself, which enables creating an atmosphere of motivated, creative learning and at the same time solving a whole range of educational, educational, developmental tasks. It is also appropriate to add that cross-cultural competence cannot be fully utilized without the ability to conduct business negotiations, express one's opinion clearly, and also without knowledge of the general provisions of business ethics.

Development of physical qualities of teenage freestyle wrestlers

This article deals with issues aimed at the development of free wrestling in the adolescent period of child development. One of the most difficult, it is not for nothing that it is called "transitional" and "turning point", "difficult" or even "critical". These names fully reflect the complexity and importance of the processes taking place in this age period. The transition from childhood to adulthood is the main content of this period. At this age, qualitatively striking changes occur, mental and physical elements of growing up appear. Hormonal restructuring of the body leads to changes in self- awareness, communication with adults and peers, changes in ways of communicating with the surrounding world, emergence of new interests. A new look at the content of moral and ethical norms that shape behavior, activity and communication with others is emerging.
 A distinctive feature of the development of modern freestyle wrestling is the growth of athleticism and general physical training of athletes. The main condition for the high efficiency of physical training of wrestlers in the adolescent period is a strict accounting of the age and individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of athletes and individual stages of adolescent development, characteristic of this period.
 Sports training, as a separate type of physical training, is a specially organized and consciously managed pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to improve or maintain at the required level basic and special developed physical qualities, various motor skills and abilities, high functional capabilities of human organs and systems, as well as knowledge related to them.
 General physical training is a process of harmonious development of the main physical qualities that have a positive effect on achieving results in a specific sport and the effectiveness of building the training process as a whole.

Subcooled Pool Boiling on Hierarchical Micro- and Nanostructure-Modified Copper Surfaces in HFE-7100 Dielectric Liquid

ABSTRACT Hierarchical surfaces comprised both microscale and nanoscale structures have been previously studied as a means of targeting multiple length scales to achieve superior pool boiling performance. However, preceding studies have focused almost exclusively on high surface tension working fluids, while technologically important low surface tension fluids have remained largely unexplored. Due to their significantly lower surface tension these liquids tend to push out the air trapped in surface cavities of the heating surface, resulting in fewer nucleation sites compared to the same surface in water at low to moderate superheats. Thus, developing effective surface modification techniques for pool boiling in dielectric liquids and understanding the multiphase physics behind them is a pressing need in order to overcome these performance limitations and accelerate their adoption. In this work, we utilize scalable manufacturing techniques to realize four separate surface types (planar, nanoscale-modified, microscale-modified, and hierarchical) and experimentally determine their respective pool boiling performance within the low surface tension commercial working fluid HFE-7100. A maximum heat transfer enhancement of 125% at 38 K of superheat was observed for the best performing samples, which interestingly were nanoscale-modified and not those of the hierarchical type. Visual observations via high-speed video analysis of vapor bubble behavior are utilized to explain the underlying multiphase physics as to why these samples performed so well and future directions for achieving surface optimization across multiple length scales.

The Factors Determining the Features of the Administrative Procedure

In the article, the author focuses on the factors determining the features of the administrative proceedings. The author concluded that without the development and definition of state management procedures, without the formation of a modern legal institution of administrative proceedings, it is not possible to have effective management, including limiting the number of illegal acts adopted by entities holding public authority in the field of management, as well as guarantee the effective implementation and protection of human and citizen rights. The author emphasizes that the separation of certain features for the purpose of classification of administrative proceedings and their coordination is primarily intended to facilitate the analysis of a separate type of administrative proceedings and the extraction of its substantive characteristics, thus also evaluating the justification of the initiative of the Legislator to define administrative proceedings as a separate type in some areas of relationship regulation.

EQUIPPING THE RANGE WITH EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING TOOLS FOR THE TRAINING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATORS

It is substantiated that the loss of a control signal or a GPS navigation signal led more often to the loss of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone). Therefore, when training drone operators, it is suggested to simulate the situation of loss of GPS navigation control signals. At the same time, the use of the Wi-Fi FPV video information transmission channel is proposed. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the proposals for technical equipping of the test site with educational and training facilities for the training of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles. Advantages and disadvantages of drone control systems with the help of an operator (using streaming video in real time) and GPS navigation equipment are considered. It is shown that computer technologies are the basis of educational and training tools and systems of a modern training ground, which make it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of combat training of both an individual soldier and the coherence of the actions of entire units. With their help, on the basis of appropriate mathematical procedures, the environment is simulated with fairly high accuracy and a realistic picture of combat operations is reproduced. Further integration of modern software products into training equipment allows to expand their functional capabilities in the direction of increasing the quality characteristics of training while simultaneously minimizing material, resource and time costs. This will make it possible to combine separate types of weapons and military equipment, simulators of control devices, into a single training and modeling system for tactical personnel training in a single training complex. Keywords: abstract virtual models, algorithms, combat training, reproduction of environmental conditions, information processing tools, computer and information technologies, mathematical procedures, educational and training tools, tactical and technical requirements, artificial intelligence, machine learning, programs.

Teratoma-associated and so-called pure Wilms tumour of the ovary represent two separate tumour types with distinct molecular features.

Ovarian Wilms tumour (WT)/nephroblastoma is an extremely rare neoplasm that has been reported to occur in pure form or as a component of a teratomatous neoplasm. We hypothesized that teratoma-associated and pure ovarian WT may represent different tumour types with diverging molecular backgrounds. To test this hypothesis, we comprehensively characterized a series of five tumours originally diagnosed as ovarian WT. The five cases comprised three teratoma-associated (two mature and one immature) and two pure WTs. Two of the teratoma-associated WTs consisted of small nodular arrangements of "glandular"/epithelial structures, while the third consisted of both an epithelial and a diffuse spindle cell/blastemal component. The pure WTs consisted of "glandular" structures, which were positive for sex cord markers (including inhibin and SF1) together with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component. The two pure WTs harboured DICER1 pathogenic variants (PVs), while the three associated with teratomas were DICER1 wildtype. Panel-based DNA sequencing of four of the cases did not identify PVs in the other genes investigated. Analysis of the HA19/IGF2 imprinting region showed retention of imprinting in the pure WTs but loss of heterozygosity with hypomethylation of the ICR1 region in two of three teratoma-associated WTs. Furthermore, copy number variation and clustering-based whole-genome DNA methylation analyses identified divergent molecular profiles for pure and teratoma-associated WTs. Based on the morphological features, immunophenotype, and molecular findings (DICER1 PVs, copy number, and DNA methylation profiles), we suggest that the two cases diagnosed as pure primary ovarian WT represent moderately to poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs), while the tumours arising in teratomas represent true WTs. It is possible that at least some prior cases reported as pure primary ovarian WT represent SLCTs.

Job separation and well-being in couples’ perspective in the United Kingdom

Abstract The consequences of job uncertainty on well-being are widely known. Yet not all types of job separation might be equally detrimental: the level of expectedness and voluntariness of job ends may shape the consequences on workers and their partners. This article explores the associations of four types of job termination with well-being in a couple’s perspective. Combining two British longitudinal surveys (1991–2021) (N ∼ 13,000 couples), the analyses apply fixed-effects models to estimate deviations of the well-being for workers and partners. Also, the patterns of anticipation and habituation of each episode of job termination are investigated. The results show that events such as dismissals and redundancies—more unanticipated and involuntary—are associated with larger drops in well-being than other more preventable and voluntary causes of job separation. The responses differ between workers and their partners and by gender. Further, anticipation and habituation patterns vary across the types of job separation.

DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR DESCRIPTION OF SWIRLING FLOWS

Swirling flows are widely used in engineering. Various types of separators, burners, dryers, coolers, etc. work due to flow swirling. To study swirling flows, methods of experi- mental modeling and computational hydrodynamics are used. The most productive approach to the description of swirling flows can be realized when it becomes possible to analytically describe the characteristics of the flow. In the present work, models of helical vortices are generalized to the case of a composition of a columnar vortex and a pair of coaxial helical vortices, which makes it possible to describe the recently obtained experimental data.

Formation of River Channel Branches, Their Morphology and Typing

Abstract—Based on many years of research, a justification is given for a complete classification of branches that form morphologically homogeneous areas in different geological and geomorphological conditions, which are formed in branches of branches of different structural levels and in channels of other morphodynamic types. An analysis of the conditions for the formation of river channel branches, their morphology, deformations and reformations showed that the classification must take into account the structural levels of branches and their morphodynamic types; separately highlight the diversity of branches in a winding channel, forming a separate type of channel or morphologically homogeneous areas; take into account single branches at bends, in a straight channel and in the branches of branches; highlight floodplain multi-branching, secondary coastal or near-island branches, as well as branching of the second and third orders. The arms of channel (island) branches can be gentle bends, the spurs of which are islands; straight channel; branching of the second and third orders, the combination of which creates different types of branching in the arms. The development of a classification of branchings, as well as the morphodynamic classification of river channels of the Moscow State University in general, makes it possible to refine it as the branching of river channels is studied, to create new levels (blocks) in it, allowing to take into account the increasing morphological and dynamic diversity of branches and the conditions of their formation.

High-sensitivity Beamformed Observations of the Crab Pulsar's Radio Emission

We analyzed four epochs of beamformed European VLBI Network data of the Crab Pulsar at 1658.49 MHz. With the high sensitivity resulting from resolving out the Crab Nebula, we are able to detect even the faint high-frequency components in the folded profile. We also detect a total of 65,951 giant pulses, which we use to investigate the rates, fluence, phase, and arrival time distributions. We find that for the main pulse component, our giant pulses represent about 80% of the total flux. This suggests we have a nearly complete giant pulse energy distribution, although it is not obvious how the observed distribution could be extended to cover the remaining 20% of the flux without invoking large numbers of faint bursts for every rotation. Looking at the difference in arrival time between subsequent bursts in single rotations, we confirm that the likelihood of finding giant pulses close to each other is increased beyond that expected for randomly occurring bursts—some giant pulses consist of causally related microbursts, with typical separations of ∼30 μs—but also find evidence that at separations ≳100 μs the likelihood of finding another giant pulse is suppressed. In addition, our high sensitivity enabled us to detect weak echo features in the brightest pulses (at ∼0.4% of the peak giant pulse flux), which are delayed by up to ∼300 μs.