Types Of Ovarian Tumors Research Articles

Diagnosis of Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor of the Ovary Complicated by the Pattern of Hyperandrogenemia and Results of Imaging

Introduction: Virilization in a postmenopausal woman requires evaluation for an androgen-secreting tumor. The differential diagnosis includes adrenal carcinomas and adenomas and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, granulosa-theca cell tumors, and hilus-cell tumors of the ovaries. We present a case of virilization in a postmenopausal woman caused by a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) in which evaluation was complicated by the pattern of androgen elevation, bilateral adrenal nodules, and absence of an adnexal mass. Case: A 64-year-old female was referred for evaluation of hyperandrogenism. Hirsutism, temporal hairline regression, and unusually deep voice were noted on examination. Two total testosterone levels obtained one month apart were 146 ng/dL (2-45), and measurements of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione were 299 mcg/dL (12-133) and 1.84 ng/mL (0.130-0.820), respectively. Abdominal CT revealed bilateral adrenal nodules - 2 cm and - 5 Hounsfield units (HU) on the left, and 1.5 cm and 5 HU on the right - but no ovarian masses. Transvaginal ultrasonography also failed to identify a discrete ovarian mass but showed endometrial hyperplasia. Virilization, magnitude of testosterone elevation, and results of imaging were felt to be most strongly indicative of ovarian hyperthecosis, and the patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy. The right ovary was 2.3 cm in largest diameter and approximately 90% replaced by an orange-red mass that showed Sertoli and Leydig cells on microscopy, immunohistochemical staining for the sex cord proteins inhibin and calretinin, and presence of the Leydig cell marker melan A. It was classified as well differentiated. Additional CT imaging and robotic assisted laparoscopy confirmed a stage IA tumor. One month after surgery, hyperandrogenemia had completely resolved (total testosterone < 10 ng/dL, androstenedione 0.379 ng/mL, and DHEAS 99 mcg/dL), and changes of virilization had mostly regressed at an eight months appointment. Discussion: SLCTs are a type of sex-cord stromal ovarian tumor. They constitute < 0.5% of ovarian tumors but account for approximately 75% of testosterone-secreting ovarian masses. This patient’s case was unusual for multiple reasons: 1. Age - most SLCTs are diagnosed in the second or third decade, 2. Imaging - CT and ultrasonography usually show a solid or solid and cystic adnexal mass, and co-existing adrenal nodules are rare, likely due to typical young age of presentation, and 3. Pattern of androgen elevation - DHEAS was more than two-fold elevated, and usually < 10% of DHEA and DHEAS are produced by the ovaries. However, DHEAS fell significantly after oophorectomy. SLCTs are a potential etiology of virilization in postmenopausal women even in the absence of a detectable adnexal mass and when biochemistries and imaging raise the possibility of an adrenal source of androgen.

Evaluation of complete blood count in bitches with ovarian tumors: A preliminary study

Ovarian tumors are rarely seen in bitches and they usually occur in older ages. The most common type of ovarian tumor is epithelial tumors. Hematological parameters are frequently affected by the presence of neoplasms. There are various types of anemia associated with neoplasms. In the present study; we investigated the relationship between complete blood count (CBC) and the presence of ovarian tumors in bitches. Seven bitches with ovarian tumors and 6 bitches with histologically healthy ovaries were selected for this study. Increased level of platelet (PLT) was determined in bitches with ovarian tumors and considered as a significant finding to estimate the cancer progression. Besides, red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and hemoglobin (HGB) levels were decreased in bitches with ovarian tumors, which might be associated with cancer related anemia. In conclusion, the evaluation of complete blood count in bitches with ovarian tumors can be important to estimate the hematological effect of tumor progression.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF OVARIAN TUMOURS IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP WOMEN OBSERVED AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aim and objectives: Ovarian tumours present with a wide variation in clinical presentation and morphological features. Ovaries apart from being a common sites of primary tumors, they are frequent sites for metastasis from organs like stomach, colon and breast. The present work has been undertaken to study the common morphologic and histological types of ovarian tumours in reproductive age group women. Materials and methods: A prospective study s study is conducted for a period of 3 years (August 2010 to September 2013). 100 cases of ovarian tumors in reproductive age women were selected for the present study. Age between 15 and 49 was taken as reproductive age. 100 cases of ovarian tumours in reproductive age women were selected for the present study. Age between 15 and 49 was taken as reproductive age. Out of the 100 cases 99 Results: were primary ovarian tumours, 1 was secondary / metastatic tumour. Out if the 99 primary tumours 94 were benign, 1 was borderline tumour and 4 were malignant tumours. Most tumours occurred in age between 30-40 years. Of the 99 primary tumours 85(90.4%) were surface epithelial tumours, 10 (10.6%) were germ cell tumours and 4 (4.2%) were sex-cord stromal tumours. 1 metastatic tumour, were noted. Benign ovarian tumours are more common than malignant tumours. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumours are the most common type of all ovarian tumours. Surface epithelial tumours are the most common benign and malignant tumours in reproductive age group. The incidence, clinical presentation of the different types of ovarian tumours is extremely variable. Histopathology is still the gold standard in diagnosing most of ovarian tumours. Studying the macroscopic and microscopic features of different ovarian tumours will enable proper categorization into denite morphologic type.

Prognostic and Theranostic Biomarkers in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

In this study, we aimed to test whether prognostic biomarkers can achieve a clinically relevant stratification of patients with stage I ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and to survey the expression of 10 selected actionable targets (theranostic biomarkers) in stage II to IV cases. From the population-based Alberta Ovarian Tumor Type study, 160 samples of OCCC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and/or silver-enhanced in situ hybridization for the status of 5 prognostic (p53, p16, IGF2BP3, CCNE1, FOLR1) and 10 theranostic biomarkers (ALK, BRAF V600E, ERBB2, ER, MET, MMR, PR, ROS1, NTRK1-3, VEGFR2). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed. Cases with abnormal p53 or combined p16/IFG2BP3 abnormal expression identified a small subset of patients (6/54 cases) with stage I OCCC with an aggressive course (5-yr ovarian cancer-specific survival of 33.3%, compared with 91.5% in the other stage I cases). Among theranostic targets, ERBB2 amplification was present in 11/158 (7%) of OCCC, while MET was ubiquitously expressed in OCCC similar to a variety of normal control tissues. ER/PR showed a low prevalence of expression. No abnormal expression was detected for any of the other targets. We propose a combination of 3 biomarkers (p53, p16, IGF2BP3) to predict prognosis and the potential need for adjuvant therapy for patients with stage I OCCC. This finding requires replication in larger cohorts. In addition, OCCC could be tested for ERBB2 amplification for inclusion in gynecological basket trials targeting this alteration.

Determination of Potential Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Markers of Ovarian Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis.

This study is to study the expression of CXCRs in ovarian cancer tissues and their value in prognosis. The expressions of CXCR1-CXCR7 mRNA between ovarian tumor tissues and normal tissues and in different pathological types of ovarian tumor tissues were compared by ONCOMINE online tool. The relationship between the expression of CXCRs and clinical pathological staging was studied by GEPIA. Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool was used to analyze prognosis. Finally, GO and KEGG analyses and protein interaction network analysis were performed for CXCRs by the DAVID software to predict their function, and cBioPortal was used to identify the key functional genes. The expression of CXCR3/4/7 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues was higher than that in normal ovarian tissues, and the expression of CXCR4 was the highest (fold change = 306.413, P < 0.05). The expression of CXCR1/2/3/4/7 mRNA in different pathological types of ovarian tumors was significantly different (P < 0.05). Only CXCR5 expression level was associated with tumor staging. Survival analysis showed that high CXCR7 mRNA expression and low CXCR5/6 expression were associated with the shortening of overall survival. High CXCR4/7 expression and low CXCR5/6 expression were associated with the shortening of progression-free survival. High CXCR2/4 expression and low CXCR5/6 expression were closely related to the shortening of postprogressing survival. Protein interaction network analysis showed that GNB1, PTK2, MAPK1, PIK3CA, GNB4, GNA11, KNG1, and ARNT proteins were closely related to the CXC receptor family. CXCR3/4/7 are potential therapeutic targets, and CXCR2/4/5/6/7 are new markers for the prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Are CT and MRI useful tools to distinguish between micropapillary type and typical type of ovarian serous borderline tumors?

To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of ovarian serous borderline tumors (SBTs), and evaluate whether CT and MRI can be used to distinguish micropapillary from typical subtypes. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and CT and MR imaging findings of 47 patients with SBTs encountered at our institute from September 2013 to December 2019. 30 patients with 58 histologically proven typical SBT and 17 patients with 26 micropapillary SBT were reviewed. Preoperative CT and MR images were evaluated, by two observers in consensus for the laterality, maximum diameter (MD), morphology patterns, internal architecture, attenuation or signal intensity, ADC value, enhancement patterns of solid portions (SP), and extra-ovarian imaging features. The median age were similar between typical SBT and SBT-MP (32.5years, 36years, respectively, P>0.05). Morphology patterns between two subtypes were significantly different on CT and MR images (P < 0.001). Irregular solid tumor (21/37, 56.76%) was the major morphology pattern of typical SBT tumor, while unilocular cyst with mural nodules (14/20, 70%) was the major morphology pattern of SBT-MP on CT images. Similarly, papillary architecture with internal branching (PA&IB) (17/21, 80.95%) was the major morphology pattern of typical SBT tumor, while unilocular cyst with mural nodules (4/6, 66.67%) was the major pattern of SBT-MP on MR images. PA&IB all showed slightly hyperintense papillary architecture with hypointense internal branching on T2-weighted MRI. More calcifications were found in typical SBT (24/37, 64.86%) than SBT-MP mass lesion (6/20, 30%) (P < 0.05). Hemorrhage was less frequently visible in (20/37, 54.05%) typical SBT lessons than SBT-MP mass lesion (18/20, 90%) (P < 0.05). The ovarian preservation is more seen in typical SBT (38/58, 65.52%) than SBT-MP (12/28, 42.86%) in our series (P < 0.05). Mean ADC value of solid portions (papillary architecture and mural nodules) was 1.68 (range from 1.44 to 1.85) × 10-3mm2/s for typical SBT and 1.62 (range from 1.45 to 1.7) × 10-3mm2/s for that of SBT-MP. The solid components of the two SBT subtypes showed wash-in appearance enhancements after contrast injection both in CT and MR images except 2 of SBT-MP with no enhancement as complete focal hemorrhage on MR images. Morphology and internal architecture are two major imaging features that can help to distinguish between SBT-MP and typical SBT.

An immature inhibin-α-expressing subpopulation of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells is related to an unfavorable prognosis.

Inhibin‐α, a member of transforming growth factor‐β, is elevated in multiple tumors, but its specific roles are poorly understood. Here, we examined the feature of inhibin‐α‐expressing cells in ovarian tumors. Immunohistochemically, inhibin‐α‐expressing tumor cells were detected only in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) among various types of ovarian tumors. By comparing the expression of inhibin‐α and Ki‐67, inhibin‐α‐expressing tumor cells were revealed to be less proliferative. When spheroids and chemoresistant cells were derived from OCCC cell lines, the expression level of inhibin‐α was elevated, and that of an immature marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase, was also elevated. In consistent with this, inhibin‐α expression was correlated with other immature markers, such as OCT3/4 and SOX2, and inversely correlated with proliferative marker MKI67 in public database on OCCC. Knockdown of inhibin‐α in OCCC cell decreased chemoresistance. Moreover, prognostic analysis with 69 surgically resected OCCC cases revealed that the increased inhibin‐α expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. These findings suggested that inhibin‐α‐expressing subpopulation of OCCC tumor cells appeared to be less proliferative, immature, and angiogenic and to be related to acceleration of malignant progression.

Clinical And Morphological Features And Histological Variants Of Borderline Types Of Ovarian Tumors

According to modern scientific literature, among all ovarian tumors, the borderline type occurs from 5 to 15%. This study analyzed the clinical and morphological features and histological variants of borderline types of ovarian tumors. The results of the study showed that among the borderline type of ovarian tumors, serous (46.8%) and mucinous types (42.7%) are more common, while other types, such as endometrioid, mesonephroid, Brenner, and mixed variants make up a low percentage. It was found that serous cystic tumors, in most cases bilateral, common cyst, cystadenoma, papillary adenoma histologically consists of two epithelia, that is, from the mesothelium and secretory cells, it is confirmed that with malignancy, elongated and basaloid cells are metaplastic. It was observed that mucinous borderline tumors were mainly found on one side, disabled adenofibroma, cystoadenomas were filled with mucous contents, monolayer epithelium was metoplasized with stratified epithelium. Among the rare borderline tumors, the endometrioid type, Brenner, mesonephriodal and mixed type were identified.

Hubungan antara Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) dengan Stadium dan Derajat Diferensiasi Kanker Ovarium

Background: Prognostic factors for ovarian cancer include residual tumor and chemotherapy response, but these parameters are not sufficient to predict ovarian cancer prognoses. A new approach such as mGPS that use a combination of CRP and albumin can be used to assess an inflammatory response. With mGPS, an elevated CRP value and hypoalbuminemia are poor prognosis. Objective: To investigate the effect of mGPS on histopathologic staging and grading of ovarian cancer.Method: The study design was a cross sectional study. The population of this study were patients with suspected ovarian cancer who underwent laparotomy surgical staging at RSUP Dr. Sardjito. The samples were patients with suspected ovarian cancer that have examined the hs-CRP level and albumin level preoperative,then underwent laparotomy surgical staging with histopathological results epithelial ovarian cancer. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test and logistic regression.Results and Discussion: there were 57 subjects with epithelial ovarian cancer consisting of 25 subjects (43.86%) with high mGPS and 32 subjects (56.14%) with low mGPS. The value of mGPS is associated with the stage of ovarian cancer (p = 0.000; RP = 4.000 CI 95% = 2.195 – 7.289). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the most important factor in determining the stage was mGPS (p = 0.000; RP = 3.818 95% CI = 1.544-6.092). While the most important factor in determining histopathologic grading of ovarian cancer was the type of ovarian tumor (p = 0.000; RP = 7.339 95% CI = 4.960-9.718).Conclusion: There was an association between mGPS and the stage of ovarian cancer. The histopathologic grading was not influenced by mGPS, but was influenced by the type of ovarian tumor.Keywords: mGPS; Stage; Histopathologic grading; Ovarian Cancer; Epithelial Type

Refined cut-off for TP53 immunohistochemistry improves prediction of TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors: implications for outcome analyses

TP53 mutations are implicated in the progression of mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT) to mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC). Optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TP53 has been established as a proxy for the TP53 mutation status in other ovarian tumor types. We aimed to confirm the ability of TP53 IHC to predict TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors and to evaluate the association of TP53 mutation status with survival among patients with MBOT and MOC. Tumor tissue from an initial cohort of 113 women with MBOT/MOC was stained with optimized IHC for TP53 using tissue microarrays (75.2%) or full sections (24.8%) and interpreted using established criteria as normal or abnormal (overexpression, complete absence, or cytoplasmic). Cases were considered concordant if abnormal IHC staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutations. Discordant tissue microarray cases were re-evaluated on full sections and interpretational criteria were refined. The initial cohort was expanded to a total of 165 MBOT and 424 MOC for the examination of the association of survival with TP53 mutation status, assessed either by TP53 IHC and/or sequencing. Initially, 82/113 (72.6%) cases were concordant using the established criteria. Refined criteria for overexpression to account for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation improved concordance to 93.8% (106/113). In the expanded cohort, 19.4% (32/165) of MBOT showed evidence for TP53 mutation and this was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, disease-specific death, and all-cause mortality (overall survival: HR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5–14.3, p = 0.0087). Within MOC, 61.1% (259/424) harbored a TP53 mutation, but this was not associated with survival (overall survival, p = 0.77). TP53 IHC is an accurate proxy for TP53 mutation status with refined interpretation criteria accounting for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation in ovarian mucinous tumors. TP53 mutation status is an important biomarker to identify MBOT with a higher risk of mortality.

Krukenberg tumor of the ovary from cecal carcinoma in a young woman

Krukenberg tumor of the ovary is not commonly encountered in routine practice. It is a special type of metastatic bilateral ovarian tumor characterized by the presence of mucin-laden signet cells infiltrating the ovarian stroma. Signet ring cells metastasize from primary tumors of the stomach, colon, breast, appendix, and pancreatobiliary tract. We report a rare case of a Krukenberg tumor of the ovary from adenocarcinoma of the colon diagnosed in a 35-year-old female. This case report emphasizes the importance of history taking, clinical examination, and diagnostic evaluation, as there is a propensity for delayed diagnosis in majority of patients due to nonspecific and vague clinical presentation.

REPETITIVE OVARIAN TORSION AS WARNING SIGN OF SEROUS AND MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA IN CHILDREN - REPORT OF TWO CASES

Cystadenomas are surface epithelial-stromal tumors. Although they are the most common type of ovarian tumor, seen mostly from late adolescent age, yet, they remain difficult to accurately diagnose clinically due to their diverse presentations similar to other diseases like functional cyst and appendicitis. We report the cases of two pediatric patients. The first one aged seventeen years and six months old with serous cystadenoma and the second patient aged seventeen years and three months old with mucinous cystadenoma, presenting with abdominal pain in the level of the right iliac fossa and abdominal pain in the inferior part of the abdomen respectively aiming to reveal some warning signs and particularities in diagnosis and management of female pediatric patients with ovarian cystadenomas. Conclusion: Recurrent ovarian torsion or recurrent cyst formation is a warning sign of mucinous cystadenoma and serous cystadenoma tumor requiring further investigations and treatment.

Relationship between Serum Tumor Markers, CA-125, CEA, CA19-9, LDH, and βHCG with Histopathology and Age in Women with Ovarian Tumors

Introduction: Ovarian tumors pose a diagnostic predicament as it is difficult to differentiate benign from malignant without a histopathology report. Appropriate tumor markers may serve as diagnostic aid to better decision making in the management of these cases. We attempted to determine the relationship between age, serum markers, and histopathological sub types of ovarian tumors to help distinguish benign from malignant tumors.Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study of all cases with ovarian tumors that had available histopathology reports and tumor marker levels was done at a single centre. Variables examined were age, histopathology report and serum tumor markers CA-125, CEA, CA19-9, LDH, and βHCG. Results: Histopathological analysis revealed 26% teratomas, 28% cystadenomas, 14% corpus luteal cysts, 26% carcinomas and 6% endometriomas. CA-125 was the only marker that was significantly raised in malignant versus benign tumors (p=0.008) and increased with increasing age. All women with raised CEA reports had teratomas, and none with cancers had a raised CEA. CA19-9, LDH and βHCG were not significantly different in benign versus malignant tumors.Conclusions: CA-125 may be used as an adjuvant diagnostic tool for ovarian cancer in older women. The role of CEA as a marker for teratomas needs further evaluation.

A Study on Histopathological Pattern of Ovarian Tumours in Chittagong Medical College Hospital

Background: Ovarian tumours may either be asymptomatic, found on the routine ultrasound examination or symptoms may be vague till the patient has an acute emergency like torsion or rupture of a benign cyst. The worst is late presentation of malignant ovarian tumour. There is marked variation in the presentation of the tumour as well as in histological types. This study was under taken to analyse modes of presentation and various histopathological patterns of ovarian tumour.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 69 cases were selected consecutively. The age range was 13-70 years. This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College and Department of Gynaecology and obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2013 to June 2014. The specimens of ovarian tumours were subjected to histopathological examination in the histopathology section.&#x0D; Results : Out of 69 cases, 54(78.3%) were benign and 15(21.7%) were malignant tumour. There was no borderline malignancy in our study. The commonest histological pattern in this study was surface epithelial tumour 49(70.6%) including both benign and malignant tumour followed by germ cell tumour 6(8.7%). The commonest benign tumour was serous cyst cyst adenoma 23(33.4) and malignant tumour was serous cyst adenocarcinoma 5(7.2%).&#x0D; Conclusion : Surface epithelial tumours are the commonest variety of ovarian tumour followed by germ cell tumour. The histological type of ovarian tumour correlates with the prognosis of the tumour.&#x0D; Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (2); July 2020; Page 13-17

Borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark 1997-2018: Time trends in incidence by histology, age and educational level.

After some decades with an increasing incidence of borderline ovarian tumors, more recent studies have observed that the incidence rate seems to be leveling off or declining. In this study, we describe the incidence of borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark 1997-2018 by histology, age at diagnosis and educational level. All borderline ovarian tumors registered in the Danish Pathology Registry during 1997-2018 were identified and individual-level educational information was retrieved from nationwide registers. Age-standardized incidence rates were estimated according to histology, age at diagnosis and educational level. To investigate incidence trends over time, the average annual percentage change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression. We identified 3927 women with borderline ovarian tumors during the study period, of which 1997 (50.9%) were serous and 1743 (44.4%) were mucinous. The age-standardized incidence rate of serous borderline ovarian tumors did not change significantly over calendar time (average annual percentage change=-0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.13 to 0.88). For mucinous tumors, the age-standardized incidence rate was also relatively stable during the first half of the study period, followed by a decrease from 2.56 to 1.25 per 100000 person-years between 2007-2011 and 2017-2018. Over the entire study period, the incidence rate of mucinous borderline tumors declined on average by 2.91% (95% CI -4.24 to -1.51) per year. The incidence of both types of borderline ovarian tumors seemed to be highest among women with a low educational level. Over calendar time, the incidence of mucinous tumors decreased in all educational groups, whereas the incidence of serous tumors decreased exclusively in women with a high educational level. Time trends did not differ markedly by age at diagnosis. In Denmark, the incidence of serous borderline ovarian tumors was stable during 1997-2018, whereas the incidence of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors decreased. The incidence rates of both types of borderline ovarian tumors tended to be highest among women with a low educational level throughout the study period.

Vitexin attenuates epithelial ovarian cancer cell viability and motility in vitro and carcinogenesis in vivo via p38 and ERK1/2 pathways related VEGFA.

BackgroundEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common type of ovarian tumor, however, effective treatment does not currently exist for this condition. This study evaluated the role of vitexin in mitigating EOC both in vitro and in vivo.MethodSKOV-3 cells were used for in vitro experimentation. Xenotransplantation mouse models were set up by subcutaneously injecting mice with SKOV-3 cells. CCK8 was used to screen the optimal dose in vitro. Cell proliferation, invasion, number of microtubule nodules and apoptosis were respectively detected by colony formation assay, transwell assay, microtubule formation assay and flow cytometry. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to detect tissues apoptosis and VEGF content. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of Ki67, caspase-3, VEGFA, VEGFR2, ERK1/2 and p38.ResultsIn vitro experiment, compared with the control group, 10 µL of vitexin significantly reduced Ki67 levels and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis rate. Additionally, the colony forming rate, invasive cells per field, and number of nodes/HPF in vitexin treated group decreased dramatically. The result of western blot showed that levels of p-p38/p38 and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 also noticeably decreased. In vivo experiment, 40 mg/kg of vitexin significantly inhibited tumor growth. In addition, vitexin significantly enhanced the percentage of tissues apoptosis, which was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of VEGF-positive cells.ConclusionsVitexin decreased the proliferation and invasion of SKOV-3 cells and noticeably reduced tumor growth. These findings suggest that vitexin could be a promising therapy for EOC.

Abstract 2725: Long-term live imaging of ovarian cancer invasion using optical coherence tomography

Abstract Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological disease but the histological subtypes of ovarian cancer differ in their biology and clinical behavior. We have previously demonstrated that ovarian carcinoma cell line behavior is related to the primary tumor origin, providing a rationale for in vitro modelling to identify differences between ovarian tumor types. To better understand the in vivo behavior of ovarian tumors we are developing a patient-specific ex vivo model that can be used to investigate individual patient tumor behavior, alongside a microscopy tool that allows live imaging to investigate tumor invasion and eventually response to therapy over time. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-damaging imaging technique used clinically to investigate ocular disease in vivo. Real time live imaging of ovarian cancer cell lines over 5 days was established on a commercial OCT system using non-serous ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G and A2780 seeded onto a collagen/fibroblast matrix. We have previously used histology to reveal that TOV21G cells invade into collagen with a spindle-like morphology characteristic of sarcomatous tumor cell invasion whereas A2780 invade in clusters characteristic of epithelial tumor cells. Using live OCT imaging we have visualized how these different invasive patterns develop over time. Live imaging facilitates investigation of different invasive behaviors with greater granularity, resolving differences in phenotypic behavior. We are now developing machine learning algorithms that can quantitatively analyze the speed, depth and frequency of invasion over time. High-grade serous (HGS) carcinomas commonly spread transcoelomically along peritoneal surfaces, seeding secondary tumors on and in the peritoneum and omentum. We have demonstrated that HGS cell lines do not invade into common in vitro extracellular matrix substitutes such as matrigel and collagen, highlighting the need for a biological technique that better recapitulates the in vivo behavior. We have developed ex vivo cultures using patient-derived tumor and matched normal omentum to better mimic in vivo invasive behavior. We have used both tissue slices and mechanically dissociated tumor cells cultured with patient omentum compared with in vitro derived collagen/fibroblast matrices, demonstrating retention of tumor viability over a 10 day period. We are now using the OCT technique to live image and quantitatively analyze patient tumor-omentum interactions over time, comparing those data with histology to determine the interaction with invasion substrate at fixed time points over the 10 day culture period. OCT is a promising and novel tool for the investigation of tumor invasion ex vivo. Applying this to ovarian cancer patient-derived matched tumor and omentum provides the opportunity to assess not only invasive capacity but also patient-specific response to therapy. Citation Format: Amelia Hallas-Potts, Jonathan H. Mason, Jessica H. Lim, Michael Churchman, Pierre Bagnaninchi, Charlie Gourley, C. Simon Herrington. Long-term live imaging of ovarian cancer invasion using optical coherence tomography [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2725.

Abstract 2505: The Oncomine BRCA expanded next-generation sequencing assay: Development and analytical validation of a new panel for detection of SNV, insertions, deletions and copy number variants in a panel of 15 genes involved in homologous recombination repair of double-strand break DNA damage

Abstract Introduction: Many tumors display phenotypic similarity across tissue types, characterized by defects in biological pathways leading to susceptibility to particular therapies. Deficiencies in one such pathway, homologous recombination DNA damage repair (HR DDR), affect the response of breast and ovarian cancers to agents that inhibit PARP function. The Oncomine BRCA Expanded panel targets 15 genes (BRCA1 and 2, ATM, BARD1, BRIP1, CDK12, CHEK2, FANCD2, MRE11, NBN, PALB2, PPP2R2A, RAD51B, RAD54L, and TP53) that play various roles in the HR DDR pathway. The assay includes 1011 amplicons covering both hotspot variants and coding regions of these genes. An additional set of pre-qualified genes is available for assay customization, including a recommended set of 25 genes of particular relevance to HR DDR pathway. Methods: Targeted regions were selected, and amplicons were designed, optimized, and experimentally verified to perform well with semi-conductor based sequencing. Measures used included gene-base and hotspot-base coverage uniformity, variant calling accuracy, and detection of known CNV gains in both FFPE and cell line DNA samples. Large gene rearrangements in BRCA1 and BRCA2, including exon deletions and duplications, could be detected by using a custom exon deletion pipeline. Analysis was performed on an integrated bioinformatics platform, Ion Reporter, which includes variant calling, identification and annotation of the likely deleterious mutations, and production of configurable reports, including visualization of the extent of copy number changes. Results: The assay's performance was evaluated using a variety of sample types, including commercially available controls and FFPE samples for breast, ovarian, prostate, and other tumor types. Sensitivity and positive predictive value for small variant detection was &amp;gt;95% in Acrometrix Hotspot Controls, and &amp;gt;90% of CNV gains greater than 6 were detected in cell line samples. Examples of all detected variant classes were displayed based on the Ion Reporter user interface. Conclusions: We introduce an expanded BRCA panel for researching genetic changes influencing homologous recombination DNA damage repair. The option to customize the gene content of the panel is enabled via a web-based interface to inventoried, pre-qualified targets. This approach allows identifying a broad set of mutation types in a single assay with high accuracy, enabling interrogation of HR DDR genes in FFPE preparations. For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: Charles Scafe, Yun Zhu, Chenchen Yang, Yu-Ting Tseng, Brooke McKnight, Fernando Farfan, Santoshi Bandla, Seth Sadis, Steven Roman, Fiona C. Hyland. The Oncomine BRCA expanded next-generation sequencing assay: Development and analytical validation of a new panel for detection of SNV, insertions, deletions and copy number variants in a panel of 15 genes involved in homologous recombination repair of double-strand break DNA damage [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2505.

Ovarian neoplastic changes in dairy cows with adenomyosis - histopathological study

IntroductionThis paper presents the results of the microscopic examination of dairy cow ovaries.Material and MethodsThe examined dairy cows were culled in a slaughterhouse. In all of them, pathological changes (n = 82) associated with adenomyosis had been previously diagnosed, and additionally in some cows (n = 18) so had mammary gland cell injury, including mastitis purulenta.ResultsThere was vast variability among the investigated individuals in the degree of disease and type of pathological changes in the examined tissue specimens. In all examined ovaries, the most prominent lesions were neoplastic metaplasia of various cell types. They were PEComa, rete ovarii cell neoplasm, granulosa cell tumour, and a single case of haemangioma cavernosum, and the first of these types of ovarian tumours was the prominent neoplasia. In some cases, they grew simultaneously with the other types of tumours, but tumour tissue never extended beyond the ovarian capsule. Sometimes, the ovarian tumours were of microscopic volume, for instance the foci of granulosa cell tumours.ConclusionThe lack of changes in ovarian anatomic structure, and minute neoplastic tissue foci, make it impossible to diagnose these lesions in the ovaries of living animals. The presented original data may be valuable in understanding the aetiology of dairy cow infertility, as well as in facilitating urgently needed research into findings new methods, which might be used in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases ante mortem.

Radiomics derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI pharmacokinetic protocol features: the value of precision diagnosis ovarian neoplasms.

To evaluate the efficiency of 2- and 3-class classification predictive tasks constructed from radiomics features extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) pharmacokinetic (PK) protocol in discriminating among benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors. One hundred and four ovarian lesions were evaluated using preoperative DCE-MRI. Radiomics features were extracted from 7 types of DCE-MR images. To explore the differential ability of radiomics between three types of ovarian tumors, two- and three-class classification tasks were established. The 2-class classification task was divided into three subtasks: benign vs. borderline (task A), benign vs. malignant (task B), and borderline vs. malignant (task C). For the 3-class classification task, 104 lesions were randomly divided into training (72 lesions) and validation (32 lesions) cohorts. The discrimination abilities of the radiomics signatures were established with the training cohort and tested with the independent validation cohort. The predictive performance of the task was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). For the 2-class classification task, the combination of PK radiomics signatures model (PK model) showed a good diagnostic ability with the highest area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.899, 0.865, and 0.893 for tasks A, B, and C, respectively. Additionally, the 3-class classification task demonstrated a good discrimination performance with AUCs of 0.893, 0.944, and 0.891 for the benign, borderline, and malignant groups, respectively. Radiomics analysis based on the DCE-MRI PK protocol showed promise for discriminating among benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors. • Two-class classification predictive task of DCE-MRI PK protocol enabled the classification of 3 categories of ovarian tumors through the pairwise comparison strategy witha perfect diagnostic ability. • Three-class classification predictive task maintained good performance to effectively judge each category of ovarian tumors directly.