Types Of Bags Research Articles

Modeling the chloride migration of recycled aggregate concrete using ensemble learners for sustainable building construction

The use of supplementary cementitious materials such as slag and recycled aggregate in concrete can mitigate some of the negative environmental impacts of using virgin materials. However, the durability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and its resistance to harsh environmental conditions such as chloride penetration must be investigated before practical applications. The rapid chloride migration test (RCMT) is one of the well-established tests that can provide valuable estimations of the concrete quality against chloride penetration. RCMT coupled with machine learning techniques can lead to authentic models, which could save in time, cost, materials, and the need for skilled technicians. In this study, five homogeneous ensemble learners, including two types of bagging and three types of boosting techniques, were developed to model the RCMT output using a comprehensive database collected from the literature. Different types of analysis, including statistical measures, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) sensitivity analysis, SHAP parametric study, and comparison study, were conducted to examine the performance of the developed models and the effects of the input features on predictions. The results show that the developed extreme gradient boosting learner with the mean absolute percentage errors of about 9% possesses excellent capability for modeling the RCMT of RAC. Besides, the RCMT testing age is the most influential factor affecting the RCMT output, and the amounts of natural fine aggregate and superplasticizer are in the following orders. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI) was designed, which allows the users to insert the input features and obtain the RCMT output in a user-friendly environment.

Triple layer hermetic bags for safe storage of dry Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) pods.

Aflatoxin contamination is a major concern in dry chilli pods during storage, which renders chilli flakes, and chilli powder unsafe for consumption and unfit for trade. Traditional method of storage also results in both qualitative as well as quantitative losses. In our study, we evaluated Purdue improved crop storage (PICS) based triple layer hermetic bags (PICS triple bags) for their efficacy in safe storage of dry chilli pods. Four different types of storage bags including untreated jute bag, polythene bag, triple layer hermetic bag, and fungicide treated jute bag were tested for three different storage periods (2, 4, and 6month). Results suggest that aflatoxin levels resulting from Aspergillus flavus infection were below detectable levels in chilli pods stored in PICS triple bags owing to the modified atmospheric conditions of hypoxia and hypercarbia conditions created inside the bags. Further, dry chilli pods stored in PICS triple bags for 2, 4 and 6month recorded no loss in test weight (1000 seeds) and no change in moisture content, whereas significantly moisture loss was observed in remaining treatment bags. Germination percentage of the seeds from the PICS triple bags at 2, 4 and 6month storage was highest (72%) compared to all other treatment bags. Overall, we conclude that the PICS triple bags were effective in safe storage of dry chilli pods by ensuring detrimental environment to Aspergillus flavus growth and preserved both qualitative and quantitative characteristics including test weight, moisture content, and per cent germination compared to other storage bags.

Biodegradable nonwoven bonded fabric from Tossa jute and polylactic acid fibre for carry bag

A sustainable flexible nonwoven fabric has been developed using jute (Corchorus olitorius) and polylactic acid (PLA) fibres. The thermal bonding technique has been used to soften the PLA component which behaves as the matrix in jute fibre reinforcement. The central composite rotatable design has been adapted to understand the effects of the independent variables, such as PLA content, roller temperature and roller pressure on mechanical properties, such as tenacity, breaking elongation, initial modulus, energy-at-break, bursting strength and tear strength. Considering the linear, quadratic and two-way interactive effects of independent variables, the second-order polynomial has been suggested which proves good association. The optimised process parameters are PLA content 30%, jute content 70%, roller temperature 170°C and roller pressure 150 N/cm2. The property comparison with commercial bag fabric shows that the developed jute-PLA fabric is better in many useful aspects. Three types of bags with carrying capacity of 2.5, 5 and 10 kg have been prepared. The results of the hanging test, wetting test, drop resistance test and atmospheric resistance test of the developed bag in comparison to the commercial bag show that the developed bag from jute-PLA performs better. No significant change is found after 10 wetting-drying cycles and hence, the bags are reusable. The fabric can be used successfully as a carry bag or shopping bag. As the process and components of developed fabric are ecofriendly, it will be sustainable and ecofriendly.

Comparison of hermetic bags with polyethylene‐lined polypropylene bags for prolonged storage of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds in Ethiopia

AbstractPoor storage facilities expose seeds to deterioration, resulting in low seed quality under a prolonged storage time. We compared the performance of five bag types: Two hermetic bags (Super GrainPro bag [SGB] and Purdue Improved Crop Storage bag [PICS]), with three non‐hermetic bags (woven polypropylene bag lined with polyethylene [WPP lined with PE], polypropylene bags [PP], and jute bags) for the storage of faba bean seeds for 24 months. Faba bean seed quality was assessed under ambient conditions after 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of storage. Parameters investigated include seed moisture content, thousand seed weight, germination percentages, vigor index I and II, speed of germination, percentage of insect‐damaged seed, and insect counts. Results indicated that there was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) interaction of bag types and duration for all tested parameters. Hermetic bags and WPP lined with PE maintained germination percentage above 90% during 12 months of storage. The vigor index remained above 1600 mg% for hermetic bags and WPP lined with PE during 12 months of storage. However, non‐hermetic bags exhibited a rapid drop in vigor index beginning from 6 months of storage. Hermetic bags and WPP lined with PE allowed minimal insect breeding and hence decreased the seed damage caused by insects. The present results demonstrated that in addition to the PICS bags and SGB, the WPP lined with PE can be used for short‐period storage for up to 12 months without incurring a significant loss of seed quality. Hence, we recommend the introduction of WPP lined with PE as faba bean seed storage technique under conditions where hermetic bags are inaccessible to resource‐poor farmers.

Physicochemical stability of Cabazitaxel Zentiva® solution in vials after opening and diluted solutions in three infusion bags

Abstract Objectives To the best of our knowledge, few studies have been published on the stability of cabazitaxel in infusion bags. Stabilis® database has selected a study demonstrating the stability of this molecule at 0.15 mg/mL for 28 days at 4 °C and 25 °C in polyolefin bags. The aim of this work was to study the physicochemical stability of Cabazitaxel Zentiva® solutions in vials after “opening” with a vented ChemoClave® Spike, at 25 °C, protected from light and in solutions diluted at 0.1 and 0.26 mg/mL in 0.9 % sodium chloride (0.9 % NaCl) or dextrose 5 % (D5W) in 3 types of infusion bags (Easyflex® and Viaflo® at 25 °C, Freeflex® between 2 and 8 °C, protected from light). Methods The chemical stability was analyzed after preparation and then after 14 and 28 days of storage by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled to a diode array detector, at the analysis wavelength of 232 nm. The method has been validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) standards. For the study in infusion bags, three preparations were realised for each condition. At each time of analysis, for each bag, a sample was prepared and analyzed by HPLC. Two vials after “openings” were kept at 25 °C and three samples per vial were prepared and analyzed at the three analysis times (D0, D14 and D28). Physical stability was assessed by visual examination (change in colour, appearance of precipitate, gas formation). The pH of the solutions prepared in infusion bags was evaluated at each analysis time. Results Cabazitaxel solutions at 0.1 and 0.26 mg/mL diluted in 0.9 % NaCl or D5W in Easyflex® (polyolefin), Viaflo® (multilayer high density polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene) bags retained more than 95 % of the concentration after 28 days at 25 °C. In the Freeflex® bag (polypropylene multilayers), cabazitaxel solutions at 0.1 and 0.26 mg/mL diluted in 0.9 % NaCl or D5W retained more than 95 % of the initial concentration between 2 and 8 °C for 28 days. In vials with a Spike, cabazitaxel solutions at 20 mg/mL retained more than 95 % of the initial concentration for 28 days at 25 °C. For all the conditions studied, no visual modification was observed. The pH of solutions in bags were constant during the stability study. Conclusions Cabazitaxel Zentiva® diluted at 0.1 and 0.26 mg/mL in 0.9 % NaCl or D5W was stable for 28 days at 25 °C and between 2 and 8 °C. These stability data allow preparations to be made in advance. The remainder of the cabazitaxel vial fitted with a Spike was stable for 28 days at 25 °C, allowing the remainder of the vial to be used over several days.

Efficacy of Different Approaches to Control Litchi Fruit Borer

Litchi is affected by number of pests, among them litchi fruit borer (LFB), Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is serious one which causes considerable yield loss. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different options for the management of LFB. The research work was conducted in an orchard at Gopalpur under Tangail district of Bangladesh consecutively for two seasons to manage LFB using mosquito net, two types of bags, three botanicals and five synthetic insecticides as spray material to find out the most efficient one based on the highest reduction of fruit infestation (RFI) over control along with benefit cost ratio (BCR). White butter paper bagging showed highest RFI (100%) with 51.66% increase of fresh fruit (FF) over control and BCR 7.47:1. Neem oil was significantly effective in RFI over control (78.73%) with BCR 8.67:1. Novastar 56 EC (Bifenthrin+ Abamectin) was the most effective among the chemical treatments recording 98.08 % RFI with increase of 51.18 % FF over control and BCR 6.06:1. Based on BCR, performance of different treatments could be ranked as Neem oil > Paper bagging > Novastar. So, Paper bagging as safe technique, Neem oil at the rate of 6 ml/L of water as an eco-friendly tactic and Novastar 56 EC @ 1 ml/L of water as least harmful approach could be recommended to protect litchi from the attack of LFB and ensure higher number of fresh fruits.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(2): 143-151, June 2021

PELATIHAN MENGHIAS TOTE BAG MENGGUNAKAN DAUN DI SEKITAR RUMAH UNTUK MENDORONG PRODUKTIVITAS DESA TUIREJO KECAMATAN KEDAMEAN KABUPATEN GRESIK

Reducing plastic waste is a shared responsibility not only for the government through making regulations such as PERDA (Regional Regulation), but also society as a whole. One thing that can be done is to use a shopping bag that can be used many times, for example a tote bag or tote bag. There are lots of different types of tote bags, ranging from the plain ones to the different looks. In addition to being able to use plain tote bags, they can also be decorated to make them look nicer and can also be resold. Because of this, training and practice of decorating tote bags was carried out. The activity was carried out by providing counseling as well as practice and assistance to members of youth organizations and youth women's mosques in Turirejo Village, Kedamean District, Gresik Regency by utilizing existing plant leaves for materials for making ecoprint tote bags. The purpose of this activity is to increase the creativity and productivity of youth members and mosque youth who are expected to become ecoprint tote bag craftsmen, as well as economic empowerment which is expected to increase income and encourage increased welfare.
 The methods and stages of the activities carried out are conducting material presentations then followed by live demonstrations and practice of making ecoprint tote bags. The result of this training is that members of youth organizations and mosque youth have become more trained in making ecoprint tote bags. It is hoped that the skills acquired can encourage creativity, productivity and the economy. From a small existing group, it can become bigger by creating a business unit with a variety of other products on the basis of an ecoprint that can prosper the surrounding community, especially Turirejo Village.

Creation of a universal housing for a liquid purification filter made of corrosion-resistant steels

Scientists from different countries are engaged in the development of new or improvement of existing water purification technologies. At the same time, not enough attention is paid to the development of equipment for water purification and technologies for their manufacture. The article presents a model of a universal filter housing for cleaning liquids from solid particles. Mechanical filters of cartridge or bag type can be used as filter elements. The main supporting element of the filter housing is a thin-walled cylindrical flask. The use of rotary rolling in the process of manufacturing a cylindrical flask makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of welded seams and increase the strength of the cylindrical shell. The results of experimental studies on assessing the effect of the relative deformation value along the wall thickness during rotary rolling of steel cylindrical shells on their strength and stability are presented.

Combining Deep Convolutional Neural Networks With Stochastic Ensemble Weight Optimization for Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild

Although recent emotion recognition methods (based on facial expression cues) achieve excellent performance in controlled scenarios, the recognition of emotion in the wild remains a challenging problem because of occlusion, large head poses, illumination variations, etc. Recent advances in deep learning show that combining an ensemble of deep learning models can considerably outperform the approach of using only a single deep learning model for challenging recognition problems. This paper presents a novel ensemble deep learning method, “deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) ensemble classifier”, for improved facial expression recognition (FER) in the wild. Our proposed DCNN ensemble classifier is novel in terms of the following aspects: (1) the process of finding ensemble weights for combining DCNN decision outputs is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem (via simulated annealing) in which the energy to be minimized represents the generalized (test) classification error of the DCNN ensemble and (2) for the creation of DCNN ensemble members, we propose the combined use of different types of face representations and bagging (T. G. Dietterich, 2000), which is quite useful in increasing the diversity of the DCNN ensemble. Extensive and comparative experiments on three wild FER datasets, namely FER2013, SFEW2.0, and RAF-DB, show that the proposed DCNN ensemble classifier achieves competitive FER performances when compared with other recently developed methods—76.69%, 58.68%, and 87.13% of FER accuracy under the FER2013, SFEW2.0, and RAF-DB evaluation protocols, respectively.

Association between sport participation and knee symptoms: a cross-sectional study among undergraduate medical students at King Abdulaziz University

Background: The engagement of university students in sports activities was associated with sports injuries involving the knee. The present study aimed at evaluating the association between sports involvement and knee symptoms and other risk factors in King Abdulaziz University Medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 358 undergraduate medical students at King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from the second to the sixth academic years. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect data about participants' demographics, body mass index, smoking, coffee intake, academic activities, smartphone, Internet, computer use, type of school bag, work surface, part-time job, sports activities, and its types were added. Data about musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the knee and other body parts and their patterns and practicing of sports were collected. Results: The prevalence of life experience of musculoskeletal in the knee was 35.5%. While 27.4% experienced it in the last 12 months, and 16.2% experienced it in the previous week. Of the participants, 9.8% were currently experiencing MSDs in the knee. The mean pain intensity of those with musculoskeletal disease was 5.44 ± 1.8, with 8.7% skipping school because of their MSD and 50.8% souk medical advice. Ex-smokers, those with a lower mean of hours per week of engagement in clinical sessions, who were playing fitness sports, and who experienced MSDs in other body parts had a significantly higher percentage of having a history of knee symptoms. Conclusion: Health education programs about the relationship between knee disorders and sports and other risk factors should be directed to university students.

Use of Single Shoulder Handling Bag: Scoliosis and Musculoskeletal Pain in School Going Children. “A Cross Sectional Study”

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the Frequency of musculoskeletal pain, and to check whether single strapped bags are culprit of causing scoliosis in school going children or not as compared to other types of school bags i.e. double strapped and trolley type bags.Methodology: The study design was an observational cross-sectional. The process of data collection from the school going children (n=398) between the ages of 8 and 16 years was carried out in the government schools of the Faisalabad through a simple random sampling technique. Measurements of weight were taken through spring scale and subjective self-administered questionnaire was completed from each student along with cobb’s angle to measure the curvature and Adam forward bend test was also performed on each pupil.Results: Majority of the students used to carry single strapped bag with average value of 50.5% while double strapped bag with average percentage of 48.0%. Most of the students were used to carry bag on one side of shoulder with an average value of 68.3% and only 31.7% carried bag on both sides of shoulders. Most of the children reported pain in the neck and shoulder region with average percentage of 73.6% and in back/buttock were 105 with percentage of 26.4%. 92.5% of the children stated that their pain was relieved when they took off their bags and 51.3% were used to take medicine for pain reduction. On visual analogue rating scale, 57.8% of the children reported the moderate level of pain. Mean ± SD of students using single strapped and double strapped bags were 2.2438± 0.579 and 1.7958 and 0.64497. Adam forward test was also most frequently positive in students using single strapped bag as compared to other types of bags (p value = 0.000) reflecting scoliosisConclusion: Students majority who used to wear one side shoulder bag were prone to suffer scoliosis and pain in neck and shoulder region.

Bacterial dynamics during the burial of starch-based bioplastic and oxo-low-density-polyethylene in compost soil

BackgroundPlastic waste accumulation is one of the main ecological concerns in the past decades. A new generation of plastics that are easier to degrade in the environment compared to conventional plastics, such as starch-based bioplastics and oxo-biodegradable plastics, is perceived as a solution to this issue. However, the fate of these materials in the environment are unclear, and less is known about how their presence affect the microorganisms that may play a role in their biodegradation. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of bacterial community in soil upon introduction of commercial carrier bags claimed as biodegradable: cassava starch-based bioplastic and oxo-low-density polyethylene (oxo-LDPE). Each type of plastic bag was buried separately in compost soil and incubated for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Following incubation, soil pH and temperature as well as the weight of remaining plastics were measured. Bacterial diversity in soil attached to the surface of remaining plastics was analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16SrRNA gene.ResultsAfter 120 days, the starch-based bioplastic weight has decreased by 74%, while the oxo-LDPE remained intact with only 3% weight reduction. The bacterial composition in soil fluctuated over time with or without the introduction of either type of plastic. While major bacterial phyla remained similar for all treatment in this study, different types of plastics led to different soil bacterial community structure. None of these bacteria were abundant continuously, but rather they emerged at specific time points. The introduction of plastics into soil increased not only the population of bacteria known for their ability to directly utilize plastic component for their growth, but also the abundance of those that may interact with direct degraders. Bacterial groups that are involved in nitrogen cycling also arose throughout burial.ConclusionsThe introduction of starch-based bioplastic and oxo-LDPE led to contrasting shift in soil bacterial population overtime, which may determine their fate in the environment.

Pollination Bag Type Affects Ovule Development and Seed Yields inPinus taedaL.

AbstractLoblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most widely planted forest tree species in the United States. Most of the seedlings used to establish these plantations come from seed collected in open-pollinated seed orchards, but an increasing number are coming from controlled crosses, about 15%–20% of the loblolly pine seedling crops in the last five years. To produce this seed, millions of pollination bags are installed each spring in orchards throughout the southeastern United States; over 2.6 million bags were installed in 2022. This study evaluated 13 pollination bag types available for use in the mass production of control-cross seed. Using cone analysis, significant differences were found among bag types for the proportion of ovules resulting in filled seed, empty seed, and first-year aborts. Due to differences in the efficacy of orchard management, study trees varied greatly in their proportion of ovules resulting in filled seed and first-year aborts. Under good orchard management, open-pollinated cones had 72% of their ovules as filled seed and 12% in first-year aborted ovules. The best pollination bag type had 62% of its ovules as filled seed with 22% in first-year aborted ovules. These differences are apparently due to the quality of pollen used in the controlled crosses.Study Implications: Compared with open-pollinated families, full-sibling crosses among elite parents of loblolly pine produce more market value to landowners due to greater productivity, increased disease resistance, and enhanced stem form. Specific crosses of loblolly pine have occupied about 15%–20% of the recent seedling market because the seed are costly and difficult to produce. This study tested pollination bag types to determine their effectiveness in producing control-cross seed. Some bag types were superior in increasing seed yield, but seed yields for open-pollinated cones tended to be higher, suggesting problems in the control-cross process. Cone analysis is a useful tool for seed orchard managers to diagnose problems in seed production. Understanding and correcting these problems will help managers increase their production of full-sibling seed and lead to the establishment of new plantations with increased forest productivity.

Effect of different bag type on fruit quality in ‘Greensis’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

ISHS XXXI International Horticultural Congress (IHC2022): International Symposium on Integrative Approaches to Product Quality in Fruits and Vegetables Effect of different bag type on fruit quality in ‘Greensis’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

Prevalence of Shoulder Pain among Female Students Carrying Heavy Bag

Aim: To determine the prevalence of shoulder pain carrying heavy bags in female students Methodology: This was across-sectional study and data were collected through a convenient sampling technique. Data collected from theuniversity female students of sind. A visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of pain, and To assess the burden of shoulder pain, data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed through SPSS Version 22. Results: Results indicate thatthe meanage±SDof participants were 22.8±1.99, mean height±SD were 61.10±3.7 in inches, mean weight±SD were 54.9±3.4kg. The result of this study shows that majority of students are experiencing shoulder pain by carrying uncomfortable bags in routine life. About 38.3% of messenger bags are comfortable to carry. The majority (67.5%) of the students have shoulder pain during activity, 34.2% at its worth and minority of the students are suffering from sleep disturbance due to shoulder pain. Practical implication: few studies have assessed the relationship between university students and heavy bags. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the use of overweight shoulder bags can influence the occurrence of shoulder pain. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of shoulder pain carrying heavy bags in female students Conclusion: It is concluded that there is high prevalence of shoulder pain due to tote type of bags among university going females. The shoulder bags cause moderate to severe shoulder pain and mostly dull aching and generalized type of pain cause by shoulder bags. Keywords: Females students, Heavy bags, Prevalence, Shoulder pain

Plastic litter in coastal sand dunes: Degradation behavior and impact on native and non-native invasive plants

Pollution associated to marine plastic litter is raising increasing concerns due to its potential harmful effects on human health, biota, and coastal ecosystems. However, limited information is available on the degradation behavior of plastics, especially biodegradable ones, in dune habitats. Moreover, the effects of plastics on dune plant growth and ability to withstand environmental stresses and invasion by non-native plants have been largely neglected. This is a particularly relevant issue since biological invasions are major threats to dune ecosystems. In this 18-month study, we examined the degradation behavior of two plastic bags, non-biodegradable (NBP) or biodegradable/compostable (BP), in the dune environment by visual observations and analytical techniques. Concomitantly, we investigated the individual and combined effects of bag type and sand burial (no burial vs. partial burial) on the performance of a native dune plant (Thinopyrum junceum) and an invasive plant (Carpobrotus sp.) and on their interaction. NBP did not show relevant degradation signs over the experimental period as expected. BP exhibited gradual surface modifications and changes in chemical functionality and were almost disintegrated after 18 months. Bags and burial reduced independently T. junceum survival and growth, and most plants died within 8 months of plastic exposure. Bags and burial did not affect Carpobrotus survival. However, burial decreased Carpobrotus growth while NBP increased it. Both plastics increased Carpobrotus competitive ability, and no T. junceum plants survived to co-occurrent Carpobrotus, BP, and burial. These findings indicate that removing all littered plastics from beach-dune systems not only is critical to reduce plastic pollution but also to prevent further spread of invasive species in coastal dunes.

Chemical characterization of odorous emissions: A comparative performance study of different sampling methods

A comparison among different sampling methods (3 types of sorbent tubes and polymeric bags) commonly adopted in chemical analyses of odorous emissions was performed. To investigate the different performances, a lignocellulosic biomass storage plant was selected to obtain preliminary information about the chemical nature of odorous emissions. Samples of odorous emissions were collected at different biomass piles and analysed by dynamic olfactometry and TD-GC-MS. By comparing the two adopted sampling methods (tubes and bags), different performances are shown, depending on their specificity. By the comparison among the three types of sorbent tubes (Multi-sorbent bed (Carbotrap, Carbopack X and Carboxen 569), Tenax and Sulphur), Sulphur and Multi-sorbent bed present similar performance, while Tenax TA tubes show a different trend in terms of type and numerosity of detected compounds. In addition, from the comparison between tubes and polymeric bags, the number and types of compounds detected in bags are more comparable to those observed in the Multi-sorbent bed and Sulphur tubes. However, a difference between the two methods appears, especially in the detection of low-molecular weight organic compounds. In this study, it is possible to highlight that, due to the complexity of odorous emissions, the selection of the sampling material may affect the obtained chemical results. The detection of different classes of compounds, is a crucial point, to obtaining the most complete characterization of mixtures and comparing the chemical profile with olfactometric results: care must be taken in the choice of sampling material and procedure.

AIDM-Strat: Augmented Illegal Dumping Monitoring Strategy through Deep Neural Network-Based Spatial Separation Attention of Garbage.

Economic and social progress in the Republic of Korea resulted in an increased standard of living, which subsequently produced more waste. The Korean government implemented a volume-based trash disposal system that may modify waste disposal characteristics to handle vast volumes of waste efficiently. However, the inconvenience of having to purchase standard garbage bags on one's own led to passive participation by citizens and instances of illegally dumping waste in non-standard plastic bags. As a result, there is a need for the development of automatic detection and reporting of illegal acts of garbage dumping. To achieve this, we suggest a system for tracking unlawful rubbish disposal that is based on deep neural networks. The proposed monitoring approach obtains the articulation points (joints) of a dumper through OpenPose and identifies the type of garbage bag through the object detection model, You Only Look Once (YOLO), to determine the distance of the dumper's wrist to the garbage bag and decide whether it is illegal dumping. Additionally, we introduced a method of tracking the IDs issued to the waste bags using the multi-object tracking (MOT) model to reduce the false detection of illegal dumping. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed illegal dumping monitoring system, we compared it with the other systems based on behavior recognition. As a result, it was validated that the suggested approach had a higher degree of accuracy and a lower percentage of false alarms, making it useful for a variety of upcoming applications.

Laboratory Evaluation of Storage Bags for Infestations in Wheat Caused by Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and Their Control Using Phosphine Fumigation.

Simple SummaryWheat is commonly stored in bags in Asian countries, which include jute bags, woven plastic bags, and hermetic plastic bags. We evaluated these bags under laboratory conditions for external infestations caused by two serious pests of wheat. Considering all three bags, results showed that insects preferred to enter jute bags due to their loose fibers (termed as invasions), while no insects created holes or entered (penetrations) in woven plastic bags and hermetic plastic bags which had no such openings. In the second experiment, insects were released in jars with only two types of bags, namely woven plastic bags and hermetic plastic bags. In this case, insects created holes and penetrated into woven plastic bags but not into hermetic plastic bags. Both these experiments showed hermetic plastic bags remained safe from external infestations due to their thick and smooth plastic. The third experiment evaluated fumigation efficacy against all three bags for the pests already present in bags with grains. Results showed mortality was maximum in jute and woven plastic bags but negligible in hermetic plastic bags. The results of these experiments pinpointed deficiencies in all three bags for controlling insect infestations (external or internal) and demand alterations in these bags to successfully control such infestations.Bag storage of wheat is common in Asian countries, and common types of such bags include jute bags, woven plastic bags, and hermetic plastic bags. In order to assess infestation by two serious pests, namely Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in these bags, two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, three popular wheat varieties, namely Akbar, Dilkash, and Bakhar star were filled in above-mentioned miniature-size bags which were then placed in jars with three replicates per bag type and variety. Forty insects (adults for R. dominica and larvae for T. granarium) were released in the center of the jars for a period of 30 d in two different setups for both species. Data were recorded twice: after 15 d and 30 d. Results showed insects entered the jute bags only (made invasions due to its loose fibers and openings). Inside the bags, R. dominica caused more weight loss and live insects in Dilkash and Akbar varieties, while T. granarium preferred Bakhar star and Dilkash compared with their third variety. In the second experiment, only two bags, namely woven plastic bags and hermetic plastic bags filled with one variety, were tested to check damage (penetrations because no openings are present in these bags as in jute bags) to the bags. Results showed both species created holes in woven plastic bags but not in hermetic plastic bags. These results showed hermetic plastic bags remained safe from external infestation compared with the other two bags. Sometimes if insects are already present in the grains inside the bags, fumigation is needed from outside to kill the pests inside. To evaluate this, all three bags were filled with a wheat variety and were also infested with both insect species and placed in a fumigation container with nine replicates per bag type. A phosphine tablet (3.0 g) wrapped in muslin cloth was placed in a container which was then sealed, and the fumigation-induced mortality after 24 h was recorded. Results showed mortality was >95% to 100% in woven and jute bags, respectively, while mortality in hermetic plastic bags remained very low (<3%). These results revealed the least fumigant gas permeation in hermetic plastic bags compared with jute and woven plastic bags. Results of all three experiments demand immediate alteration in creation of all three bags to curtail infestation from outside (jute and woven plastic bags) as well as to generate maximum fumigation efficacy when the source of infestation is with the grains (hermetic bags).

Edukasi Pelatihan Pemasaran Online Untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan Toko Sabila Bengkulu

Sabila shop is one of the centers for souvenirs typical of Bengkulu which has become various kinds of souvenirs typical of Bengkulu. The souvenirs are in the form of several types of food, drinks, clothes, batik cloth, bags and handicrafts. This shop was founded in 2014 on Jalan Anggut Atas, Ratu Samban sub-district, Bengkulu City. This store is experiencing problems in product marketing. The purpose of this research is to build a product marketing system through social media to increase sales. In building a product marketing system using several social media applications. The results of this study are to create a sabila shop to create sales applications on social media to facilitate sales and find out stock quickly.