Two-way Mirror Research Articles

John C. Welchman. Review of "Two-Way Mirror Power: Selected Writings by Dan Graham on his Art" by Dan Graham and Alexander Alberro.

John C. Welchman. Review of "Two-Way Mirror Power: Selected Writings by Dan Graham on his Art" by Dan Graham and Alexander Alberro.

The Two-Way Mirror in My Therapy Room

The mirror of self-reflection allows therapists to monitor our responses to clients' stories. This hallmark of supervision and clinician education is particularly necessary for work with families experiencing illness and loss, experiences that are universally shared by therapists and their clients. This paper exemplifies the integration of a therapist's experience of family illness with ongoing work with a family coping with AIDS.

Innovative continuing medical education program for paediatricians: A model for the delivery of mental health services.

Paediatricians have described themselves as feeling insufficiently trained to manage young people (and their families) with significant psychosocial distress and mental illness - who can comprise a large proportion of their practices. A continuing medical education program for a group of four paediatricians who treat the paediatric mental health needs of a large Ontario catchment area with few mental health resources is described. At a monthly educational and consultation clinic, the paediatricians discuss and personally interview their own patients and referrals while a child psychiatrist and a psychiatric social worker, using a two-way mirror, assist them to develop psychosocial interviewing skills and techniques, and diagnostic formulations.

Ability to Detect Covert Observation

A study was conducted to evaluate persons' purported ability to detect hidden observers. Anecdotally, most people (87%) report that covert observation can be detected. A total of 140 college students individually sat in a room with a two-way mirror and video-monitor camera. They were told that they might be observed for any or all of the subsequent 5 min. Participants noted whether they felt a hidden observer watched them during each minute of the 5-min. session. After the session, students reported if a possible hidden observer watched via a two-way mirror or video camera or if they were not watched. Students were unable to detect observation beyond chance. Possible reasons for the persistence of the belief in detection of covert observation are posited as impetus for further research.

ABILITY TO DETECT COVERT OBSERVATION

A study was conducted to evaluate persons' purported ability to detect hidden observers. Anecdotally, most people (87%) report that covert observation can be detected. A total of 140 college students individually sat in a room with a two-way mirror and video-monitor camera. They were told that they might be observed for any or all of the subsequent 5 min. Participants noted whether they felt a hidden observer watched them during each minute of the 5-min. session. After the session, students reported if a possible hidden observer watched via a two-way mirror or video camera or if they were not watched. Students were unable to detect observation beyond chance. Possible reasons for the persistence of the belief in detection of covert observation are posited as impetus for further research.

Metaphors and Politics in the Two-Way Mirror

Metaphors and Politics in the Two-Way Mirror

Mock Counseling Interviews as Learning Experience for Dietetics Students

The purpose of this learning activity was to provide dietetics students enrolled in a nutrition counseling course an opportunity for hands-on experience with client counseling. ‘Clients’ were actual outpatients from a local hospital nutrition clinic who volunteered for mock counseling sessions. Each ‘Client’ was provided verbal and written instructions regarding the set-up of the interview process prior to the interview date. The counseling setting was a room uniquely designed for observation of student counseling sessions, equipped with a two-way mirror and sound system. Each session was observed and video-taped by the course instructor through the 2-way mirror. Each of the fifteen students enrolled in the course was required to conduct a 15-minute counseling session. Guidelines for the session were reviewed in class prior to the assignment and outlined on a mock interview evaluation form. The intent of the activity was not to substitute for actual in-depth client counseling, but to allow students an opportunity to practice basic interviewing and counseling skills learned in class and to gain exposure to a ‘real-life’ counseling situation. Students were expected to practice basic counseling techniques and skills, such as rapport-building, questioning techniques, listening responses and teaching. Video-taped sessions were edited and highlighted by the instructor for later review in class to provide additional learning and critique of basic counseling skills. Students were asked to submit a self-evaluation of their performance in the counseling session in addition to instructor evaluation. Overall, the activity received high ratings from students and was rated as an excellent learning experience. Many stated the activity was an ‘eye-opener’ in that the challenges of effective nutrition counseling became more apparent with the actual ‘hands-on’ experience, as opposed to perceptions previously held based on didactic knowledge alone.

Is baldness enough?

babies who spend time on their backs, playing happily. Not only that; black marks were awarded to the mother when she responded only slowly to her baby though the reason was that she was carrying out an IQ test under instruction at the time and to her husband after he persisted in letting the child support her own weight. Not old enough, he was told. She likes standing, he replied and knowing looks were exchanged behind the two-way mirror. press are fond of portraying medicine in this way, picking up on something mundane that appears to be imbued with significance. When someone says that left-handed people are less intelligent or prone to schizophrenia, or that heart disease can be predicted from fingerprints, it makes the news. But the most important scientific papers pass unnoticed. It is an under standable fascination but a mediaeval one. You can picture the scene a few centuries ago: the wise folk of the village are gathered round. See! they are saying. The child has the Sign upon him! Only now it is the mark of Bad Parenting.

An Interview with John Barth

Like Ernest Hemingway, another ground-breaking writer of twentieth-century American fiction, John Barth writes every day, the initial drafts always in pen. He says his inspiration does not waft like gentle whisper from Greek muse, but resembles, instead, rumbling King Kong, metaphor for self-reference and self-reflection. But unlike his modernist predecessors, Barth has resisted the traditions of twentieth-century realism. Instead, he has collected an eclectic montage, the past with the present, the old story formulas in postmodern guise, displaying the elements alongside each other to produce curious image of world with which we are not always immediately comfortable or familiar. But, then, neither is he, always. Barth's twelfth book of fiction was released in May 1994 by Little, Brown. title is classic Barth, disarming but with cryptic punch: Once upon Time. And it is the book's subtitle, A Floating Opera, comes like finger's light touch, or reminder. Through it he has returned full circle to the riff set him in search of new literary form in his first long fiction piece, A Floating Opera (1956). Barth's description of his new as a memoir wrapped in novel echoes his generative technique of searching for and therefore redefining the narrative perspective of fiction. Barth's version of postmodernism is less jagged at the edges than of some writers in the mode, if it will sit still long enough to be characterized as mode. He defined his approach in 1967 in The Literature of Exhaustion and refined it little more than decade later in The Literature of Replenishment. heart of his thesis is the modern genre had been exhausted by the close of World War II. Writers at the turn of the century had picked up the torch of the Romantics and carried it once around the track: The great project of modernism, the idea of shaking up bourgeois notions of 'linearity,' and 'consecutivity' and ordinary description of character and ordinary cause and effect, had honorably done its job. Writers after World War II rebelled against their modernist predecessors, realizing nothing of the human condition was left to report in modern sense, except through retold tales--which is something like re-tasting stale raisin cookie has been belched. New ground had to be broken if place for literature was to be found in life not only sounded distinctly different tone but one could not be fully (a point already made by modern existentialists). And Barth was among the vanguard writers to seek synthesis of art and life, itself an imitation of an imitation, thus making of fiction something of two-way mirror through which one peers murkily. Barth makes this effort by employing repetition and by expanding the formal range available to modern fiction to include such forms as the epistolary (Letters), the eighteenth-century adventure (The Sot-Weed Factor), and the quest tale (The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor or Giles Goat-Boy). A narrative voice, usually omniscient, is central to traditional fiction, but in his work there is tension between eliminating the omniscient narrator (since apprehended life is at best tentative) and achieving synthesis towards which the text is headed. Forty years after his initial effort, many of his characters wave at each other from across novels, his house rule being that no particular reader should have to be aware of their appearance in other books. A short piece which probably best captures Barth's effort to use fiction to grab life by the scruff of the neck is Autobiography: A Self-Recorded Fiction, which was part of monophonic tape series in which he participated in the 1960s. Here, fiction invents itself. As narrator, fiction is dissatisfied with the disturbing evolution of the product and argues with its father (Barth?) and its mother (the muse? …

Breton, l'âme du voir

The surrealist poetry tries to be eye's incarnation. The different philosophical apories concerning Vision are examined and connected with Breton ' s theory of images. Eleven propositions are developped : « seing » tells the Eye ; « seeing » is matter of transparency ; « seeing » is to know ; « seeing » and « being seen » should be a glance ; the mirror is a metaphor of the eye ; the two-way mirror is a metaphor of the eye ; the eye is a metaphor of consciousness ; a text which could be the achievement of consciousness ; the eye is concerned by automatism ; what is written is a screen ; pleasure premium.

Longitudinal modes of hybrid ring lasers

A ring laser with a beam splitter, an external reverse wave suppressor mirror, and an internal two-way coupling mirror exhibits both traveling wave and standing wave characteristics. A simple 1-D model of this hybrid laser is used to find the frequencies and losses of the steady state longitudinal modes, which depend on the mirror reflectivities and separations in an intricate manner. Adjustment of the suppressor position on a fine scale yields markedly different results for various coarse positions if the internal mirror provides adequate coupling into the reverse wave.

Self-report as a valid measure of yawning in the laboratory

The validity of self-report for studying yawning in the laboratory was examined. Thirty undergraduate students were assigned to one of two groups. Both groups recorded their own yawns using an Esterline Angus Chart Recorder. One group was given complete privacy, and the other group was videotaped through a two-way mirror. The observed group accurately recorded yawn frequency, yawn duration, and interyawn interval. The unobserved group did not differ from the observed group in recorded yawn frequency. Yawn duration and frequency were uncorrected, and there was no correlation between duration and interyawn interval. Self-report is a valid measure of yawning and may be one of the only ways to study yawns in the laboratory, because it removes any inhibition against yawning in public.

Anonym, verschollen, trivial: Methodological Hindrances in Researching German Women's Literature

Jeannine Blackwell Anonym, verschollen, trivial: Methodological Hindrances in Researching German Women's Literature Frauenliteratur, like the terms Frauenroman and Frauendichtung, is a two-way mirror. It is a distressing reminder of the impotent and flowery sentimentality of Wilhelminian German literature: garden dwarfs, the Gartenlaube, tüchtige Hausfrauen, Hedwig CourthsMahler , and Vicki Baum. It is harmless literature, to be classified next to the children's stories, the codebooks , and home improvements. Yet with this term Frauenliteratur , as with so many, there is a cutting edge. Is Frauenliteratur really what Treitschke and Goedeke tell us it is? Is it not also the letters Caroline and Dorothea wrote, Bettina's Armenbuch, Gabriele Reuter's social protest? Were not these also by, for, and about women in Germany? To discover what Frauenliteratur was and is, scholars today must look through that dark, distorting mirror of literary history. Anticipating and identifying the cracks in that history, feminist critics must reshape the critical tools to deal with the anonymous, the unrecognized, the uncanonized, the "trivial"; to reconstruct or rediscover the verschollen ; and to locate and describe the dear ladies who read the books back then. The other side of the cracked mirror of literary history is Frauenliteratur today. It is the product of contemporary critical female authors for a predominantly female audience; it is also the reestablished or discovered tradition of women authors such as Sidonie Zäunemann (1714-1740), Thérèse Huber (1764-1829), and Gertrud Kolmar (1894-1943?). Often a literature of the "other Germany" -- critical, republican, socialist, Utopian, or feminist -- it is not harmless, impotent droolings. This excavation work brings out the straightforward , graphic, even aggressive side of German women 's literary culture. This research has grown out of the second women's movement in both Europe and the United States. Its new female mentality, new consciousness of history and the private sphere demand a fresh reading of the old texts. In this reading, feminists cannot rely trustingly on that cracked mirror of German literary history. We must reread everything and question the verity of every fact already given. 39 The great reference works of the nineteenth century are some of the most important tools we have to reconstruct that literature. Knowing the history of these works will give feminist scholars today an idea of how Frauenliteratur was defined, which pieces were included, and which were omitted. Õ brief examination of the process of literary analysis in Germany will underscore the pitfalls of such reference works. These massive undertakings must be checked for factual error, but more importantly, they must be seen in conjunction with and contrast to the movements of social and political change within the German area. The establishment of modern German universities, under the leadership of the brothers Grimm and Humboldt, brought in a model of scholarly research which became paradigmatic for Germanistik as well as for the natural sciences. The unguistisch-literaturwissenschaftliche method of philological research, RTstorical dating, biographical data, study of origins and development started by the collections of Herder and the brothers Grimm put literature first into its historical context, and then into national and linguistic groupings; its authorial origins were sought out if possible. Criticism was no longer merely aesthetic, moral, and philosophical, but rather historical. With this group of scholars and with the establishment of new universities at Berlin, Göttingen, and elsewhere, the separation of the writing scholar and the artistic scholar was completed. While it had been customary up to the eighteenth century for the two fields to be combined -- one thinks here of Opitz, later Lessing, Herder, and Wieland, who wrote both scholarly treatises and creative works -- this era brings about the division and professionalization of poet and scholar. The division of labor between the Gelehrten and the Dichter that prevailed after the late 18th century was a boon to women authors. Since they had been and continued to be excluded from university study (with a few loudly proclaimed exceptions) and had little opportunity to learn the classics or consistent orthography, they had been essentially shut out from literary production. The new division of literary labor, combined with the spiritual justification of women's literary forms in Pietist confessional literature, changed that...

Patients' reactions to a two-way mirror in general practice.

From a survey of 200 patients in two general practices it would appear that the patients' reaction to the use of a two-way mirror is on the whole not unfavourable. The results suggest, however, that in the very personal setting expected of general practice people suffering from psychiatric problems (especially depression) should be given every opportunity to decline consultation in front of the mirror and if any patient becomes upset, then the mirror should be 'turned off' immediately. Internal examinations should not take place when the mirror is in use.

An experimental study of crowding: effects of room size, intrusion, and goal blocking on nonverbal behavior, self-disclosure, and self-reported stress.

This study hypothesized that stress in high room density, or crowding, depends on interpersonal disturbances such as intrusion and goal blocking. High room density was expected to intensify individual reactions to these disturbances. In a 2 X 2 X 2 design, groups of six male college students containing three subjects and three confederates were placed in a large or small room. Subjects and confederates interacted in pairs; confederates introduced intrusion by leaning forward, touching subjects, and attempting 80% eye contact as confederates talked. Goal blocking involved inattention and interruptions as subjects talked. Interactions were videotaped through two-way mirrors to record nonverbal behaviors associated with affiliation and stress. Subjects also completed self-report measures of stress and self-disclosure. Intrusion led to initial discomfort that decreased with time, and lower levels of facial regard. Goal blocking produced self-reported irritation that increased with time, and lower levels of facial regard, gesturing, and positive head nodding. Contrary to predictions, stress responses to intrusion and goal blocking were not intensified by high room density. Lower levels of affiliative behavior were viewed as coping responses to interpersonal disturbances--subjects apparently coped successfully with intrusion, but not with goal blocking. Results are interpreted in terms of a sequential, interpersonal model of crowding.

An experimental study of crowding: Effects of room size, intrusion, and goal blocking on nonverbal behavior, self-disclosure, and self-reported stress.

This study hypothesized that stress in high room density, or crowding, depends on interpersonal disturbances such as intrusion and goal blocking. High room density was expected to intensify individual reactions to these disturbances. In a 2 X 2 X 2 design, groups of six male college students containing three subjects and three confederates were placed in a large or small room. Subjects and confederates interacted in pairs; confederates introduced intrusion by leaning forward, touching subjects, and attempting 80% eye contact as confederates talked. Goal blocking involved inattention and interruptions as subjects talked. Interactions were videotaped through two-way mirrors to record nonverbal behaviors associated with affiliation and stress. Subjects also completed self-report measures of stress and self-disclosure. Intrusion led to initial discomfort that decreased with time, and lower levels of facial regard. Goal blocking produced self-reported irritation that increased with time, and lower levels of facial regard, gesturing, and positive head nodding. Contrary to predictions, stress responses to intrusion and goal blocking were not intensified by high room density. Lower levels of affiliative behavior were viewed as coping responses to interpersonal disturbances--subjects apparently coped successfully with intrusion, but not with goal blocking. Results are interpreted in terms of a sequential, interpersonal model of crowding.

LIGHT TRANSMISSION METHOD OF OBTAINING A PICTURE OF FRESNEL INTERFERENCE IN WHITE LIGHT

An interference filter is constructed from a pair of front-surface two-way mirrors. These partially reflecting mirrors are clamped at both ends with a small spacer placed at one end, thus forming a thin wedge of air between their face-toface mirrored surfaces. A series of thin film interference spectra are recorded by moving this air wedge apparatus in incremental steps across a beam of white light. The mirror separation as a function of position along the wedge is obtained from analysis of the transmitted spectra. As the separation increases, temporal coherence is lost for successively longer wavelengths until interference effects are no longer observed. We define coherence length measured in this way as twice the wedge thickness where the interference fringe pattern is reduced to the noise level of the transmitted spectrum. Using this definition and technique, a value of 224±20μm is obtained using a white light source. This value is much larger than one would expect for the coherence length of white light measured by more standard techniques, e.g. Michelson interferometry. The implication of our experiment is that coherence length is a property of the light reaching the detector, which in our case is the light transmitted by the interference filter.

The Two-Way Mirror: National Status in Foreign Students' Adjustment.Richard T. Morris

<i>The Two-Way Mirror: National Status in Foreign Students' Adjustment.</i>Richard T. Morris

The Two-Way Mirror: National Status in Foreign Students' Adjustment Richard T. Morris

Book Reviews The Two-Way Mirror: National Status in Foreign Students' Adjustment. By Richard T. Morris, with the assistance of Oluf M. Davidsen. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1960, xii + 215 pp. $4.50. Joseph W. Eaton Joseph W. Eaton University of Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 8, Issue 4, Spring 1961, Page 368, https://doi.org/10.2307/799348 Published: 07 August 2014

The Two-Way Mirror: National Status in Foreign Students' Adjustment.

The Two-Way Mirror: National Status in Foreign Students' Adjustment.