TWO DIFFERENT Research Articles

COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF USING NANOFLUIDS IN TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH THE SAME HEAT TRANSFER AREA

Using multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on distilled water with varied volume concentrations, experimental research was conducted. The performance of two distinct heat exchangers with the same heat transfer area was assessed. A tubular heat exchanger (THE) and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (STHE) with a heat transfer area of 20,000 mm<sup>2</sup> were employed. A tubular heat exchanger (HT31) and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (HT33) are available from Armfield for use with the heat exchange service unit (HT30X). Three volume concentrations of nanomaterials are used to create nanofluids (0.5%, 1%, 2%). While the rate of flow was the same in the heat exchangers, the Reynolds number of the flow inside the tube ranged from 1600 to 7800 for THE and from 2500 to 12,500 for STHE due to different inside diameters. The measured variables determine the coefficient of heat transfer, friction factor, Nusselt number, and effectiveness. The heat transfer coefficient in both heat exchangers was boosted with increasing MWCNT content, according to the experimental data. Because of the nanoparticle concentration, the heat transfer coefficient of STHE is 7-43% greater than that of THE. With the increase of nanofluid concentration, the Nusselt numbers were enhanced for the two heat exchangers. The increase in the Nu number for THE is higher than in its value for STHE within a range of 28.5-40%. Correlations between the Reynolds number and MWCNT volume concentration are proposed for each heat exchanger to compute the Nusselt number and friction factor. The results of the current study have been compared with previous studies and acceptable agreement can be found.

PP063 [Lung » Airway disease and related issues]: PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS, RESOURCE USE, AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF STATUS ASTHMATICUS IN TWO DIFFERENT MODELS OF PICU CARE

PP063 [Lung » Airway disease and related issues]: PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS, RESOURCE USE, AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF STATUS ASTHMATICUS IN TWO DIFFERENT MODELS OF PICU CARE

DIET COMPOSITION OF THE WINTERING Asio otus L. (STRIGIFORMES: STRIGIDAE) IN TWO DIFFERENT HABITAT TYPES IN TURKEY

In this study, we analysed a total of 691 pellets of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus L.) collected from Edirne (Suburban), İstanbul (Suburban) and Kars (High altitude steppe) provinces in January-February 2019. Dietary contents of the Long-eared Owl were considering the different habitat (steppe and suburban) types. Small mammals constituted the majority of the diet content in all areas, but a small amount of bird remains were also found in pellets. 1474 prey items belonging to 7 different mammal taxa (Apodemus sp., Cricetulus sp., Crocidura sp., Micromys sp., Microtus sp., Mus sp., Rattus sp.) were identified. High amount of Mus sp. was found in pellets collected from Edirne (50.34%) and İstanbul (41.42%). On the other hand, Microtus sp. was the main prey species in Kars. Overall, our study supported that the Long-eared Owl acts as an opportunistic predator and change its dietary contents according to different environmental conditions. Incompatible results were obtained between the trapping study and pellet examination. The reasons could be that some mammal species can be caught by chance, trapping area cannot represent the entire hunting area and some mammal species could avoid trapping.

Ryanodine Receptors Selectively Interact with L Type Calcium Channels in Mouse Taste Cells

IntroductionWe reported that ryanodine receptors are expressed in two different types of mammalian peripheral taste receptor cells: Type II and Type III cells. Type II cells lack voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and chemical synapses. In these cells, ryanodine receptors contribute to the taste-evoked calcium signals that are initiated by opening inositol trisphosphate receptors located on internal calcium stores. In Type III cells that do have VGCCs and chemical synapses, ryanodine receptors contribute to the depolarization-dependent calcium influx.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe goal of this study was to establish if there was selectivity in the type of VGCC that is associated with the ryanodine receptor in the Type III taste cells or if the ryanodine receptor opens irrespective of the calcium channels involved. We also wished to determine if the ryanodine receptors and VGCCs require a physical linkage to interact or are simply functionally associated with each other. Using calcium imaging and pharmacological inhibitors, we found that ryanodine receptors are selectively associated with L type VGCCs but likely not through a physical linkage.Conclusions/SignificanceTaste cells are able to undergo calcium induced calcium release through ryanodine receptors to increase the initial calcium influx signal and provide a larger calcium response than would otherwise occur when L type channels are activated in Type III taste cells.

PRIMATE CONSERVATION—AN EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN GERMANY

Nearly all primate species are globally threatened. Conservation approaches need to focus on local people and users of resources from the habitats of the apes. Students worldwide should become aware of the context and relationships in school, and they should change their usage and behaviour as the ultimate goals. This study explored the understanding and motivation of adolescents in German secondary schools (grades 5 and 6) introduced to out-of-school lessons in a zoo education program in comparison to a school-based program or no instruction. We developed 2 educational programs to raise awareness and concern for the conservation of primates: one was carried out in the local zoo; the other at workstations in public schools. Students (N = 1,013) participated in the study based on a 2 × 2 factorial design—instruction and place. Students from the zoo education program demonstrated higher content and affective achievement than students from the school-based and control programs; a combination of both programs did not lead to higher scores in the tests after the program. Learning in zoo school had a sustained influence on retention. Interest was higher in the zoo-based programs while perceived choice was higher in the school-based program.

Differences between rural and urban primary care units in Turkey: Implications on residents′ training

Context:Family practice training takes place at primary care based training centers linked to Education and Research State Hospitals in Turkey. There is a discussion if these units are adequate to train primary care staff and if the patients of these units reflect the applicants of primary care.Aims:The aim of our study is to investigate the demographic characteristics, the effect of distance on primary care utilization, and most common diagnosis of the patients who applied to two different outpatient clinics: One urban and one rural.Settings and Design:Study was conducted from the electronic health records of the patients applied to outpatient clinics of Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital Department of Family Medicine between 1 January and 31 December 2009.Results:Total number of patients applied to both of the outpatient clinics was 34,632 [urban clinic: 16.506 (47.7%), rural clinic: 18.126 (52.3%)]. Leading three diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), general medical examination (GME), and hypertension (HT) in the most common 10 diagnosis.Conclusion:In our study, the rural outpatient clinic is regarded as a primary care unit in the neighborhood of living area and the urban clinic as close to working environment. We found statistically meaningful differences in most common diagnosis, gender, age, and consultation time between the rural and urban clinics. According to our results, family practitioners’ field training should take place at different primary care units according to sociodemographic characteristics of each country.

A comparison of enameloplasty sealant technique and conventional sealant technique: An in-vivo study

Aim:The aim of the study is to compare two different methods: Enameloplasty sealant technique (EST) and conventional sealant technique (CST) in terms of the presence or loss of sealant and the presence or absence of caries after 6, 12, and 18 months.Materials and Methods:A total of 15 children in the age group of 7-9 years participated in the study. After taking consent, status of occlusal surface was evaluated under standardized conditions. Only mandibular molars were used in the study. On each patient, one side molar was sealed using EST and other side molar was sealed using CST. All children were recalled and examined after 6 months, 12 months and 18 months.Results:At the end of 18 months, no teeth were found carious in EST and CST group. At the end of 6, 12, 18 months there was no loss of sealants in both EST and CST group. There was no difference between EST and CST success rates.Conclusion:In our study both EST sand CST showed good results. So we can do EST in deep I-Type and K-Type pit and fissures.

RESONANCES IN SYSTEMS WITH TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT TRANSFER

Heat transfer in double-layer systems with superfluid helium as one of the layers is studied in this paper. Double-layer systems like heater-helium and helium-detector were considered. The limiting cases of the relation of the non-helium layer length and the length of the heat wave in it were investigated. The unusual resonances were found in the double-layer system helium-detector. Analytical expressions for width and amplitudes of these resonances were obtained. At the same time it was found that the resonance width in helium can be determined not by the dissipative properties of helium, but by the thermodynamic parameters of the detector.

Distinct pain mechanisms in two different models of arthritis

s / Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 20 (2012) S54–S296 S252 Results: Questionnaire DN4 survey established NP in 34.8% of patients with osteoarthritis, the average being 5.8 0.7points. Among these patients, 51.38% answered positively to 5 questions, 30.77%, to 6 questions and 17.94% to 7. Patients with OA registered positive sensory symptoms with higher rates, primarily burning sensation and shock; they recorded negative sensory symptoms and allodynia less frequently. 29.5% of patients indicated burning sensation in the painful area, 21.4% -painful sensation of cold, 16.9% tingling and crawling, 26.7% numbness; 9.8% of patients identified increase in pain when touched with a brush. LANSS measuring scale was used to differentiate nociceptive and neuropathic pain syndromes. In the questioning by LANSS 42 (37.5%), patients gained more than 12 points, indicating that they have neuropathic pain. NP is more often diagnosed in women, with 2 and 3 stages of osteoarthritis, while reactive synovitis is present as well. Cumulative data suggest that central sensitization may contribute to pain in osteoarthritis (OA) with symptoms typically associated with NP. Conclusion: More than a third of patients with osteoarthritis may have elements of NP, which is the cause of insufficient response to standard therapy, aimed at elimination of nociceptive pain. Questioning allows us to identify neuropathic pain in patients with OA and thus improves treatment results. Ă 498 DISTINCT PAIN MECHANISMS IN TWO DIFFERENT MODELS OF ARTHRITIS S. Zaki , M.M. Smith , S.M. Smith , M. Connor , C.B. Little . Raymond Purves Res. Lab., Kolling Inst. of Med. Res., Univ. of Sydney, St Leonards, Australia; Australian Sch. of Advanced Med., Macquarie Univ., North Ryde,

THE PHONOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF SUBJECTS WITH PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER IN TWO DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

THE PHONOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF SUBJECTS WITH PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER IN TWO DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Sutura simples e âncora em quadris de coelhos

ObjectiveUsing biomechanical studies, this research aims to compare hip capsulorrhaphy in rabbits, carried out with two different techniques: capsulorrhaphy with simple sutures and with anchors.MethodThirteen New Zealand Albino (Oryctolaguscuniculus) male rabbits, twenty-six hip joints, were used. First, a pilot project was performed with three rabbits (six hip joints). This experiment consisted of ten rabbits divided into two groups: group 1 underwent capsulorrhaphy on both right and left hips with simple suture using polyglycolic acid absorbable thread, and group 2 underwent capsulorrhaphy with titanium anchors. After a four-week postoperative period, the animals were euthanized and the hip joints were frozen. On the same day of the biomechanical studies, after the hip joints were previously unfrozen, the following parameters were evaluated: rigidity, maximum force, maximum deformity and energy.ResultsThere was no relevant statistical difference in rigidity, maximum force, maximum deformity and energy between the simple suture and anchor groups.ConclusionThrough biomechanical analyses, using parameters of rigidity, maximum force, maximum deformity and energy, it has been shown that capsulorrhaphy with simple suture and with anchors has similar results in rabbit hip joints. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MHD FLOW BY TWO DIFFERENT TRANSFORM METHODS

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MHD FLOW BY TWO DIFFERENT TRANSFORM METHODS

Changes in the relationship between the right internal jugular vein and an anatomical landmark after head rotation

BackgroundThis study was performed to ultrasonographically demonstrate the changes in relationship between the right internal jugular vein (IJV) and an anatomical landmark in two different head positions: neutral and rotated.MethodsThis was a randomized clinical trial. One hundred patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were enrolled in this study. The patients were placed in the supine position with a neutral head position and without a pillow. The apex of the triangle formed by the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and clavicle was marked (AL point : anatomical landmark point). Ultrasonography of the neck anatomy was performed and the skin was marked at the central point of the IJV (US point: ultrasonography point). The other investigator measured the distance from the AL point to the US point (AL-US distance). The patient's head was then turned 30° to the left; the same procedure was repeated and the AL-US distance was again measured. The changes in AL-US distance were calculated.ResultsThe AL-US distance increased significantly after 30° head rotation compared with that in a head neutral position. The mean ± SD of the AL-US distance was 0.28 ± 0.78 cm in the neutral head position and 0.83 ± 1.03 cm in the head rotated position.ConclusionsThe anatomical landmark point becomes more distant from the actual right IJV point and moves more medially after head rotation. We suggest minimizing the angle of head rotation and taking this distance into consideration when using the landmark-guided method.

The effect of combining two echo times in automatic brain tumor classification by MRS

(1)H MRS is becoming an accurate, non-invasive technique for initial examination of brain masses. We investigated if the combination of single-voxel (1)H MRS at 1.5 T at two different (TEs), short TE (PRESS or STEAM, 20-32 ms) and long TE (PRESS, 135-136 ms), improves the classification of brain tumors over using only one echo TE. A clinically validated dataset of 50 low-grade meningiomas, 105 aggressive tumors (glioblastoma and metastasis), and 30 low-grade glial tumors (astrocytomas grade II, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas) was used to fit predictive models based on the combination of features from short-TEs and long-TE spectra. A new approach that combines the two consecutively was used to produce a single data vector from which relevant features of the two TE spectra could be extracted by means of three algorithms: stepwise, reliefF, and principal components analysis. Least squares support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis were applied to fit the pairwise and multiclass classifiers, respectively. Significant differences in performance were found when short-TE, long-TE or both spectra combined were used as input. In our dataset, to discriminate meningiomas, the combination of the two TE acquisitions produced optimal performance. To discriminate aggressive tumors from low-grade glial tumours, the use of short-TE acquisition alone was preferable. The classifier development strategy used here lends itself to automated learning and test performance processes, which may be of use for future web-based multicentric classifier development studies.

RESPONSE OF YOUNG APPLE TREES TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION, ON TWO DIFFERENT SOILS

RESPONSE OF YOUNG APPLE TREES TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION, ON TWO DIFFERENT SOILS

ADVERSE EVENTS IN TWO DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL THERAPY

ADVERSE EVENTS IN TWO DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL THERAPY

THE RESPONSE OF PISTACHIO TREES TO WATER STRESS AS AFFECTED BY TWO DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS

THE RESPONSE OF PISTACHIO TREES TO WATER STRESS AS AFFECTED BY TWO DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS

CHANGES IN EF DURING INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA WITH TWO DIFFERENT I.V. TECHNIQUES

Acta Anaesthesiologica ScandinavicaVolume 35, Issue 1 p. 91-92 CHANGES IN EF DURING INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA WITH TWO DIFFERENT I.V. TECHNIQUES K. Muralidhar, Corresponding Author K. MuralidharBM Birla Heart Research Centre 1/1 National Library Avenue Calcutta 700027 IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorR. Gopinath, R. GopinathSearch for more papers by this author K. Muralidhar, Corresponding Author K. MuralidharBM Birla Heart Research Centre 1/1 National Library Avenue Calcutta 700027 IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorR. Gopinath, R. GopinathSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03250.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume35, Issue1January 1991Pages 91-92 RelatedInformation

EFFECT OF M.27 AND M.9 USED AS ROOTSTOCK AND AS INTERSTEM ON APPLE-TREE BEHAVIOUR IN TWO DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS.

EFFECT OF M.27 AND M.9 USED AS ROOTSTOCK AND AS INTERSTEM ON APPLE-TREE BEHAVIOUR IN TWO DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS.

ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF THE CATION BIS(BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE)DIOXYGENIRIDIUM(I) IN TWO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS‐ COMPARISON OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE AND PERCHLORATE SALTS

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 8, Issue 3 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF THE CATION BIS(BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE)DIOXYGENIRIDIUM(I) IN TWO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS- COMPARISON OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE AND PERCHLORATE SALTS M. NOLTE, M. NOLTESearch for more papers by this authorE. SINGLETON, E. SINGLETONSearch for more papers by this authorM. LAING, M. LAINGSearch for more papers by this author M. NOLTE, M. NOLTESearch for more papers by this authorE. SINGLETON, E. SINGLETONSearch for more papers by this authorM. LAING, M. LAINGSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 18, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197703080Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume8, Issue3January 18, 1977 RelatedInformation