The article examines the pressing issue of developing spiritual culture and professional identity among future specialists in pedagogical and artistic fields within the context of contemporary sociocultural transformations. It is emphasized that ongoing societal changes highlight the need to shape a well-rounded individual capable of responsible professional self-determination. The study substantiates that arts education possesses significant potential for influencing the spiritual and moral development of the personality, as art itself shapes worldview orientations, aesthetic taste, and the ability for empathy. The article demonstrates that spiritual culture functions as an integrative factor in the professional formation of the future artist, combining various dimensions of his or her professional activity. The transformation of national and cultural identities among young people is analyzed, along with key sociocultural challenges of the present — globalization, informatization, the growing role of visual culture, and the shifting value orientations of youth — all of which directly impact the process of professional identity formation among students of pedagogical and artistic specializations. Particular attention is given to the necessity of cultivating the inner culture of the future teacher–art critic as a prerequisite for successful self-realization within educational and cultural environments. The article stresses that the professional identity of the artist is shaped through the assimilation of national cultural traditions, the comprehension of the aesthetic and spiritual values of one’s people, and the integration of humanistic ideas into the educational process. It is noted that the effective combination of artistic, pedagogical, and educational methodologies contributes to the formation of a harmonious, spiritually mature, and morally responsible individual capable of creative self-realization and active participation in the cultural life of society. The conclusion highlights that spiritual culture constitutes the fundamental basis of the professional identity of the future teacher and artist, enhances resilience to social challenges, fosters the capacity for cultural dialogue, and ensures a humanistic orientation of professional development within the sociocultural dynamics of the 21st century.

ABSTRACT How did the Anglosphere develop through wartime? This paper investigates the cultural educative practices and interactions between the US military and British society during the US deployments to Britain from 1942 to 1945. Specifically, it examines a 1943 training film for the US Armed forces, How to Behave in Britain (aka Welcome to Britain). The film was part of a broader outreach by US and British officials to socialise American soldiers to British society. Utilising ontological security and vicarious identity, as seen through the referents of race, gender/sex and political economy, the film and the broader setting of American troops stationed in Britain illustrates the crucial role of everyday routines for enacting the ontological securities of allies that, nevertheless, in a clash of manners and customs, created ontological insecurities at the same time. This paper suggests that the moral valence of routines for agents and groups may be better understood via the concepts of manners and customs. Thus a working through of tensions within the Anglosphere has implications for its development in the twenty-first century as well.

Occupational asthma (OA) is an increasingly relevant respiratory disease in modern workplaces. Epidemiological evidence highlights its considerable prevalence among the global working population, with recent increases following an initial decline in the early 21st century. To critically review the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, clinical presentations, and emerging challenges associated with OA, focusing on novel exposures, biomarker development, and translation of scientific findings into preventive and clinical practice. A literature review was conducted through a bibliographic search in PubMed (MEDLINE) and Web of Science. Articles were selected and analyzed using the Rayyan collaborative platform. Empirical studies on prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of OA were included. OA is primarily categorized as sensitizer- or irritant-induced, each exhibiting unique molecular pathways and clinical courses. Transcriptomic research has identified specific microRNA profiles as innovative biomarkers with significant diagnostic capacity. Studies document risks in traditionally non-high-risk sectors, such as offices and educational environments. Factors such as work chronobiology (night shifts), sex, and socioeconomic status influence the development and prognosis of OA, potentially leading to loss of productivity and employment. OA is a significant challenge in occupational health, with complex epidemiological patterns. While advances in molecular characterization and identification of emerging risk factors have improved our understanding of the condition, diagnostic and management challenges persist. Future research should focus on developing specific biomarkers and accessible diagnostic tools for primary care, along with evidence-based preventive strategies for emerging labor sectors.

Latin American and Caribbean Trends and Health Priorities in Cost-Effectiveness Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis in Scopus in the 21st Century.

The main aim of this study on the Pre- and Post-Merger of “Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank, and Dena Bank”, and their performance before and following five years of the Merger. The 21st century is the span of rapidly advancing technology which increases competition between Companies, banks, and businesses. Mergers and Acquisitions are effective strategies to survive in the market and beat the competition. The current study used a camel model for evaluating financial performance impact due to merger for selected merged banks which considers a period of 2013-14 to 2023-24. “CAMEL stands for Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings Quality, and Liquidity”. The finding shows that the influence on economic outcomes due to mergers are combination of positive and negative effects. It shows considerable changes in Capital Adequacy Ratio, overall total business per employee, Total Investment on Total Assets, Operating Profit on average working funds, Total Advances on Total deposits, Net interest to total assets, and Liquid Assets on Demand Deposits in the pre-post-merger period.

This article investigates the theoretical reorientation of the term 'destiny' from the classical theological understanding of divine determinism—anchored in natural law philosophy—to the contemporary model of digital determinism arising from the convergence of artificial intelligence, expansive data aggregation capabilities, and the monopolistic tendencies of twenty-first-century technology firms. Employing a conceptual-hermeneutic framework in conjunction with critical discourse analysis, the inquiry traces both historical and present-day modalities through which fate, elective freedom, and the scope of human agency are reconstituted in a socio-technical setting. The decisive marker of the current transition is the advent of algorithmic determinism, in which opaque predictive architectures, often referred to as 'black boxes', consolidate the advantages of data monopolists while simultaneously attenuating the capacity for individual moral accountability and constricting the residual latitude of autonomous action. Such developments are masked by the self-serving lexicon of technological neutrality, yet they materialise in pronounced asymmetries of power and the precariousness of human-technical entanglements. This research advances critical discourse concerning the interplay between technological systems, corporate sovereignty, and the erosion of human agency, and it simultaneously articulates a theoretical understructure for technology policy formulations that honour both justice and the integrity of autonomous subjects.

Guideposts and guardrails for biodiversity accounting in the 21st century

Social inequality in health as a political topic in Denmark in the 21st century.

The complexity of twenty-first century church leadership calls for adaptive models that move beyond the dominance of a single pastoral figure. This study examined the effect of collective leadership on pastoral ministry and church growth, with pastoral ministry tested as a mediating variable. The research was conducted at the Gereja Kristen Perjanjian Baru (GKPB) “Masa Depan Cerah” in Surabaya, Indonesia, involving 100 valid respondents drawn from both leaders and active members. Data were gathered through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed using linear regression and mediation analysis. The results indicated that collective leadership had a positive and significant influence on pastoral ministry (R² = 0.514). Furthermore, both collective leadership and pastoral ministry together explained a substantial proportion of church growth (R² = 0.706). The mediation test revealed that pastoral ministry significantly strengthened the effect of collective leadership on church growth. This suggests that leadership structures are most effective when translated into concrete pastoral practices that equip and nurture the congregation. Theologically, these findings affirm the principle of the body of Christ in Ephesians 4:11-16, which stresses the complementarity of diverse leadership gifts in building up the church. Church growth is thereby understood not merely in numerical terms, but also in spiritual maturity and congregational involvement. This study provides one of the first quantitative examinations of collective leadership within an Indonesian church context. It demonstrates that a model of collective leadership integrated with pastoral ministry can serve as a biblically grounded and contextually effective strategy for sustainable church growth, and contributes fresh insights from the Global South to current global debates on church leadership.

Teaching Techniques of the 21st Century: Simulation, Virtual Reality, and Beyond.

Effects of persistent thermal plumes on Zostera muelleri reproductive effort, seed bank densities and seed bank viability.

The relationship between maternal alexithymia and cognitive flexibility, children's emotional eating, and childhood obesity.

As Simulation Engineers and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), we often focus on solving complex technical challenges within a specific technical or physical domain by leveraging specific simulation approaches. However, to maximize the impact and integration of our work across all the engineering domains that are typically engaged in a project, it's essential to understand Systems Engineering (SE) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practices that are becoming increasingly more important in performing 21st century engineering projects. Elaborating a NAFEMS World Congress (NWC) 2025 presentation and complementing a NAFEMS ASSESS Insights, webinar, this paper aims to minimize the gap between Simulation Engineers/SMEs and the realm of SE/MBSE by offering insights into how SE/MBSE/MBE ideas and practices can enhance collaboration between engineers and improve (modeling & simulation) project outcomes. It shows how the adoption of SE and MBSE concepts and approaches can help to manage complexity, ensure traceability, and integrate simulation models more effectively within larger system architectures and system models. By understanding core SE and MBSE principles, workflows, and tools, Simulation Engineers can improve communication with SE and within cross-functional teams, contribute to system-level requirements and technical concepts, and elevate the impact and value of their work in modern engineering projects. Specifically, insights are provided on the following topics: SE and MBSE, key systems modeling language concepts relevant for simulation engineers such as Analysis, Verification, and TradeStudy, and integration of Engineering Simulation within SE and MBSE Frameworks. Furthermore, an outlook is provided on future trends and the evolving role of simulation engineers in the context of SE & MBSE.

One of the areas where technology is used extensively, especially information and communication technologies, is education. Social work education is gradually changing from traditional practices to technology based. In this study, the use of information technology by social work educators teaching at universities in Türkiye is discussed. The participant of the study consists of 414 social work educators teaching in Türkiye. Data within the sample were collected via Google Forms. “Personal Information Form”, "21st Century Skills Teaching Scale" and "Attitude Scale Towards the Use of Technology in Education" were used in the research. The obtained data were analyzed via SPSS 29 for Windows software. According to the results, the majority of the participants find information technologies necessary in social work education and use these technologies at a moderate level or quite a lot. When the relationships between the scales are examined, it is seen that there is a statistically significant, negative relationship between the participants' Attitude Scale towards the Use of Technology in Education scores and the 21st Century Skills Teaching Scale scores. It is recommended that future researches examine social work educators' relationships with information technologies at a longitudinal level.

Skin Infections and Treatment of Diseases under Ayurvedic Protocols and Medications: a Scientific Analysis with Socio Economic Impact for 21st century Life Style and Smart Cities

Physiological adaptability of livestock to climate change: A global model-based assessment for the 21st century

This ecological time-series study analysed tuberculosis (TB) mortality trends in the Americas from 2000 to 2019 using data from the Pan American Health Organization. Age-adjusted mortality rates by country and sex were assessed with Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percentage changes. Results showed a general decline in TB mortality, with average annual reductions of -2.3% in men and -1.9% in women. Brazil, Colombia, and Canada exhibited continuous decreases, while Saint Lucia, Jamaica, and Honduras had episodes of increase or fluctuation. The highest mortality rates persisted in Bolivia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Peru. Regional analyses indicated periods of trend stabilisation, especially in Central and South America during the latter years. Despite overall progress, significant disparities by region and sex remain, reflecting complex social, economic, and healthcare factors. Strengthening surveillance systems and tailoring interventions to specific local contexts are crucial for further reducing TB mortality across the continent.

The present article is an attempt to review the Bulgarian development of the auxiliary historical discipline of genealogy, tracing the main moments and key aspects from the first manifestations of Bulgarian genealogy to the present day. For the purpose of the study, an information search was applied in various digital collections, electronic catalogs and card files, and a review of the complete collections of several scientific journals was also made. In the 20th and 21st centuries, dozens of authors presented their historical overviews of the progress of Bulgarian genealogy, but so far, no complete detailed overview has been conducted using the indicated tools. The publication aims to cover more aspects than previous attempts to trace the development of Bulgarian genealogy, building on them. First, the concept of “Bulgarian genealogy” is defined, and then the political, religious and juridical dimensions of genealogy in our country are examined. Both the interrelationship between genealogy and Orthodox Christianity, as well as the main legal changes regarding census records, kinship and inheritance in Bulgarian legislation are indicated. Bulgarian genealogy begins with the “Name Book of Bulgarian Khans”, and the first Bulgarian genealogist can be considered priest Yovcho, who began his genealogical chronicle in 1811. The first scientific genealogical study was published by Aleksandar Teodorov-Balan in 1891. The institutionalization of Bulgarian genealogy became a fact in 1973. At the end of the 19th century, significant genealogical studies were published, and in the first quarter of the last century, a number of genealogies were published, dedicated to the Bulgarian medieval dynastic families, as well as to prominent figures from the Revival period. During the socialist period, genealogy first stagnated, but from the 1960s to the 1980s it progressed. In the 1970s, the first attempts to found a genealogical society began, the establishment of which came into fruition in 1990. Among the authors who present in some form their overviews on the development of Bulgarian genealogy, historians predominate, and their distribution by number and profession is shown in Figure 1. Veselin Hadzhinikolov and Antoaneta Zapryanova-Todorova list the main factors that hinder the development of Bulgarian genealogy, as well as the reasons for the state of genealogy in our country. The second half of the 20th century was determined by the first attempts to create a genealogical society, the institutionalization of the science of genealogy, the first exhibitions, conferences, bibliographies, methodological monographs, the establishment of a genealogical society and other events related to Bulgarian genealogy. Methodological provision has undergone its development from its earlier beginnings in the first half of the 20th century to the first monograph that appeared at the end of the 20th century. The main Bulgarian methodological publications for genealogical research from the 20th and 21st centuries are collected in а table (Tab. 1), and none of them deals in depth with modern issues such as genealogical research through digital collections or through artificial intelligence. The categorization of Bulgarian genealogists, again accompanied by a tabular presentation (Tab. 2), shows how Bulgarian genealogical research is mostly the work of amateurs and not of professionals with the necessary qualifications. Lastly, conclusions and some trends from the overview are presented.

This article proposes to conceptualize international peace as an engineered construction—that is, a system that can be designed, assembled, and protected through purpose-built mechanisms. The paper analyzes the principal existing approaches to security (diplomatic, political, military, and technological) and demonstrates that while each is important, none contains a built-in mechanism that automatically enforces peace or guarantees compliance with security obligations. The economic component is examined as the missing structural element: pre-committed economic obligations can create a stable architecture of deterrence by making aggression economically disadvantageous for any regime, thereby reducing dependence on political will and increasing systemic predictability. The system of Economic Guarantees of Security (EGS) is presented as a structural element of a new international architecture of deterrence and conflict prevention in the twenty-first century.

Twenty-First Century Theoretical Physics is undergoing a major "Paradigmatic-Shift" from the Old "Material-Causal Random" (MCR) Paradigm underlying (Twentieth Century's) General Relativity Theory (GRT) and Quantum Mechanics (QM) to the New Twenty-First Century's "G-D's Physics" Scientific Paradigm, based on direct empirical validations of two (unique) "G-D's Physics'" "Critical Predictions" – as more valid than the corresponding predictions of the Old MCR's GRT & QM! Based on "G-D's Physics'" previous (unique) "Critical Prediction" regarding a "Universe's Non-Continuous Increase in its Accelerated Rate of Expansion" at the "Jewish Rosh-Hashanah" (UNCIARE-JRH) (precise) "Minute Annual Increase" (MAI) of 0.000968 km s −1 Mpc in the rate of the universe's expansion!; the current article predicts a (new) "UNCIARE-JRH's MAI's Increased Four Physical Features Values" – which is shown to "defy" GRT's basic "Energy-Mass Equivalence"!? Consequently, a "New UNCIARE-JRH's MAI Universal Computational Formula" is being presented, which not only completely unifies (for the first time in Physics!) the Four (basic) Physical Features, but also points at the sole dependency of the entire physical universe – upon the continuous "origination", "sustenance" and "development" of every exhaustive spatial pixel's (four physical features) by that singular higher-ordered "Universal Computational/Consciousness Principle" (UCP) (which develops the universe, Science and Humanity towards an "Ultimate Perfected Geulah Goal State" of Science and Humanity!) A call is made to all Astronomers, Cosmologists and Experimental Physicists to directly communicate with Dr. Bentovish to further validate "G-D's Physics" (unique) "Critical Predictions".