Tracing microbial-mineral pathways of soil priming under contrasting organic inputs using 13C labeling and NanoSIMS.

Enhancing employee retention in nursing homes through non-monetary incentives: Insights from focus groups.

The effect of risperidone on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

The nursing profession faces significant challenges, including high turnover rates, burnout, and job dissatisfaction, with over one-quarter of registered nurses planning to leave the profession within 5 years. Simultaneously, health care organizations spend $38.6 billion annually on regulatory compliance, creating substantial administrative and financial burdens. A dual-role nursing model that combines traditional bedside care responsibilities with regulatory compliance and quality improvement activities can be used as a strategic solution to address both nursing retention challenges and organizational regulatory costs. The proposed model utilizes existing bedside nurses in expanded roles that split time between direct patient care and regulatory activities. Implementation involves comprehensive training on Medicare Conditions of Participation, participation in regulatory councils and committees, and application of Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory to promote compliance adoption among peers. The dual role model addresses multiple organizational challenges simultaneously by: reducing regulatory compliance costs through utilization of existing staff rather than contracted services or dedicated positions; enhancing nurse job satisfaction, autonomy, and professional development opportunities; improving regulatory readiness through clinicians who understand frontline care delivery; and supporting the American Nurses Association's Nursing Human Capital Value Model by positioning nurses as capital investments rather than operational expenses.

Multinational corporations (MNCs) face the dual challenge of optimizing sustainability performance along with operational efficiency within complex global supply chains, particularly under emerging trade regulations such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. This study aims to develop an intelligent decision-making framework to support both strategic and real-time optimization in green supply chain management (G-SCM). The proposed approach integrates an improved Transformer architecture with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) by modeling the dynamic supply chain environment as a Markov Decision Process. Environmental indicators, such as carbon emissions and energy consumption, are coupled with operational metrics, including inventory turnover and order fulfillment rates, into a unified reward function. A hierarchical attention mechanism is employed to capture the high-dimensional dependencies among supplier relationships, logistics pathways, and green practices. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms traditional DRL baselines in reducing carbon emissions, increasing renewable energy usage, and maintaining high order fulfillment rates. The inclusion of a supply chain complexity index further enhances robustness against disruptions. Additional analysis reveals that the model's attention weights reflect the relative influence of key decision variables on overall optimization, providing interpretable pathways for multi-objective coordination in supply chains. Overall, this study presents an intelligent optimization method capable of real-time adaptation to complex supply chain dynamics while balancing environmental and operational performance, providing valuable insights for both practical G-SCM operations and policy formulation.

The petunia genome contains an endogenous pararetrovirus, petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV). Previous analyses indicate that PVCV has suppressor activity against RNA silencing, but the suppressor protein has not been identified. Here we tested whether an open reading frame (ORF) of PVCV confers the activity that can suppress cosuppression of the CHS-A genes encoding chalcone synthase, which has a high rate of RNA turnover in the petal tissues of petunia. Petunia transformants that express PVCV ORF under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were produced. The transgenic plants were crossed with those that have CHS-A cosuppression to produce plants that contain both the PVCV ORF transgene and CHS-A transgene. The coexistence of these transgenes resulted in phenotypic changes: pigmentation of various extents occurred on the originally white petals of CHS-A cosuppression phenotype. The generation of pigmented portions in flower petals coincided with higher transcript levels of CHS-A and PVCV ORF and less CHS-A short interfering RNA. These results indicate that the PVCV ORF can suppress CHS-A cosuppression and change the flower color phenotype when it is expressed as a transgene.

Assessing the Responsiveness of Musculoskeletal Tissues to Protein Supplementation in vivo in Older Adults: an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial.

ObjectiveMidwives play a crucial role in maternal and neonatal health. However, there is a growing global shortage of midwives, and the high turnover rate is a key contributing factor. The research focusing on the turnover intention of night‐shift midwives is limited in China.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023 across 493 public hospitals in mainland China, with 1588 night‐shift midwives participating. A self‐designed questionnaire collected sociodemographic information and night‐shift work‐related characteristics. Turnover intention was measured using the Turnover Intention Scale, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing turnover intention.ResultsA proportion of 49.7% (n = 789) of night‐shift midwives reported turnover intentions. Lower turnover intention was associated with being married, having better health status, good sleep quality, and ≥ 15 years of work experience. Higher satisfaction with shift scheduling and overall work were also associated with lower turnover intention. Conversely, completing additional work during rest time after night shifts and experiencing job burnout were associated with higher turnover intentions.ConclusionsHigh turnover intention among night‐shift midwives represents a significant challenge for maternal health services in China. Hospital administrators may consider prioritizing shift scheduling systems, regularly monitoring job burnout and satisfaction levels, and implementing targeted interventions to reduce turnover and ensure workforce sustainability.

Nurse turnover is a critical global health workforce challenge, threatening the quality and sustainability of healthcare systems. This study aimed to determine the turnover rate and identify the underlying causes of nurse turnover in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) hospitals, Iran. This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured telephone interviews with 54 nurses who had resigned from TUMS hospitals. Interviews were recorded and supplemented with note-taking and continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis approach. The data analysis showed that 590 nurses (12.3%) left their jobs in the TUMS hospitals between 2021 and 2024. Nineteen reasons for nurses' turnover were identified, which were classified into four categories: individual factors (family responsibilities and problems, long distance between place of residence and workplace, migration, and physical problems), job-related factors (high quantitative and qualitative workload, lack of regular rest breaks during work, unclear job descriptions and responsibilities, lack of professional autonomy, and not receiving appropriate feedback from managers), organizational factors (staff shortages, low salaries, weaknesses in the management system, discrimination among nurses, little attention to nurses' needs and expectations, poor communication and tension with managers), and extra-organizational factors (economic problems and inflation, inadequacy of modern technologies, and climate changes). Organizational factors accounted for the largest number of identified codes, indicating that issues related to organizational structure and management played the most prominent role in nurses' turnover. Nurse turnover in TUMS hospitals is primarily driven by excessive workload, inadequate compensation, and poor management. Addressing these root causes through systemic interventions targeting work environment, fair pay, and supportive leadership is essential to improve retention and ensure quality patient care. Given that organizational factors were the predominant drivers of turnover, nursing management should prioritize targeted, system‑level interventions. Greater attention to nurses' professional and personal needs, promoting organizational equity, and clarifying job roles and expectations may further enhance retention. Implementing these organizational improvements can substantially reduce turnover and support a stable, high‑quality nursing workforce.

ABSTRACT This study examines teacher turnover as a driver of structural inequality. Using a descriptive survey design, we analyzed data from 804 schools in a socioeconomically disadvantaged province in Türkiye. We developed a study-specific Teacher Turnover Index to measure three-year rates. Findings reveal an annual turnover rate of 20%, peaking in rural, multi-grade schools. We conclude that mitigating turnover requires improving working conditions, implementing context-sensitive policies, offering targeted incentives, and fostering supportive leadership. These measures are essential for managing workload and ensuring equitable teacher distribution.

Thermocatalytic aqueous aerobic oxidation reactions occur as kinetically coupled processes that resemble two electrocatalytic half-reactions operating at open circuit. We leverage this concept to reveal a single set of elementary steps that describe not only the fundamental relationships between steady-state rates but also catalyst electrode potentials at open circuit (Ecat) during reactions among gluconic acid (GNA) and O2 on Pt surfaces at relevant conditions (0.03-0.95 M GNA, 20-2800 kPa O2, 333-363 K). Irreversible O2 reduction and GNA oxidation half-reactions couple via cycles that produce and consume surface hydroxyl moieties (HO*) on Pt sites, with kinetically relevant C-H bond scission that proceeds through heterolytic transition states (e.g., [*-O(H)···H+···C(H)(C5H9O6)-O(H)*]⧧). Observed turnover rates depend sensitively on the fractional coverages of both the O2- and GNA-derived intermediates. In situ measurements of Ecat provide needed mechanistic insight because these values appear uniquely sensitive to HO* coverages, which increase monotonically with increasing molar ratios of O2 to GNA. Notably, Ecat does not vary with the coverage of other surface intermediates. Intermittent exclusion of O2 from the reactor decreases Ecat to values below the point of zero charge (400 mVRHE) and, nonintuitively, yields increased reaction rates upon reintroduction of O2 due to the desorption of inhibiting GNA-derived carboxylate species. This strategy controls Ecat (and reactant coverages) in ways that increase reactor productivities by 50% or more when they are averaged over modulation cycles. These findings reveal the critical role of Ecat in setting the coverages of reactive intermediates and the ensuing impacts on rates during redox thermocatalysis.

Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are repetitive sequences that play important roles in chromosomal architecture, genome evolution, and regulation. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of Tenebrio molitor satellitome, integrating cytogenetic mapping, in silico genome annotation, divergence profiling, screening of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), transcription analysis across developmental stages, and phylogenetic and age analyses. SatDNAs exhibited diverse chromosomal organizations, ranging from widespread to chromosome-restricted distributions. Discrepancies between assembly-based and physical mapping highlight limitations of individual approaches and underscore the importance of their integration. Divergence landscape analyses revealed different homogenization efficiencies and turnover rates, reflecting distinct evolutionary trajectories among individual satDNAs. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed distinct patterns which include clear species-specific clustering of monomers, mixed interspecific clustering, and dispersed topologies. Comparative analyses across insect orders enabled age estimation, identifying both ancient (≥380 MYA) and lineage-specific satDNAs, apparently restricted to T. molitor. We designed and applied an approach that enables the simultaneous detection of multiple satDNAs within the eccDNA fraction which confirmed the presence of six satDNAs in eccDNA. RNA-seq analyses revealed coordinated, stage-specific transcription of all satDNAs, with elevated expression in late male pupae and early male adults. Together, these results reveal a highly dynamic, heterogeneous, and functionally relevant satDNA landscape in T. molitor and demonstrate the importance of integrative approaches for understanding molecular mechanisms and trajectories of satDNA evolution.

The Neotropical family Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas) exhibits remarkable karyotype conservation, yet cytogenetic data remain limited for several genera, particularly Myloplus. Here we present the first integrative cytogenomic characterization of Myloplus tiete, an endemic and near-threatened species from the upper Paraná River basin, combining classical cytogenetics with satellitome analysis. Karyotyping of 12 specimens collected from Rio Grande, Frutal-MG, Brazil, revealed a consistent diploid number of 2n = 58 chromosomes with karyotype formula 16m + 20sm + 22a, while C-banding identified heterochromatic blocks predominantly in pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. Genome sequencing and iterative satDNA mining identified 32 satellite DNA families, with repeat lengths ranging from 24 to 2,265bp and a predominance of AT-rich sequences. Comparative analysis with the Colossomatinae species Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus revealed 12 conserved satDNAs across ~ 40 million years of divergence, with moderate consensus turnover rates. FISH mapping of the ten most abundant satDNAs revealed diverse chromosomal distributions, including pericentromeric, subtelomeric, and dispersed patterns, highlighting the diverse genomic integration of conserved repeats. These findings provide evidence for long-term evolutionary conservation of both karyotype architecture and satDNA repertoires across Serrasalmidae subfamilies and suggest that structural or functional constraints may contribute to shaping the evolution of repetitive DNA in this ecologically and aquaculturally important fish group.

Cosmopolitan microbial lineages are found in anoxic sediments worldwide, but the details about their ecology and evolution remain underexplored. In this study, we identified persistent populations from these cosmopolitan lineages belonging to Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi Atribacteria, and Candidatus Bathyarchaeia from an ~8,000-year sedimentary sequence. To investigate the genomic variations within these persistent populations, a pangenome of each population was constructed using all non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the sedimentary sequence and was screened for enriched functional genes, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density, dN/DS ratios, and pseudogene content. Our results show that the majority of persistent populations studied possess large variable genomes enriched for energy conservation and transcriptional regulation functions with increasing depth, whereas Planctomycetes retain a highly conserved, SNP-poor core genome. Analysis of SNPs across depths indicates progressive isolation with burial, while a subset of core genes shows signatures of positive selection. Collectively, the data support depth-associated selection acting alongside drift across Lake Cadagno's persistent sedimentary lineages.IMPORTANCEThroughout the subsurface, multiple examples of "evolutionary stasis" have been reported in microbial lineages that exhibit lower rates of metabolic activity and cellular turnover. This study uses an ~8,000-year sedimentary record of Lake Cadagno to evaluate how persistent populations of cosmopolitan bacteria and archaea have changed with burial and identifies signals of progressive genetic isolation along with positive selection of population-specific subsets of core genes with depth. Together, these changes show that Lake Cadagno's persistent populations are not in stasis but diverge over time and burial.

Burnout among healthcare practitioners is a critical issue affecting both the workforce and the quality of patient care. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment, leading to decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover rates. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and related factors of burnout among healthcare practitioners at Livingstone Central Hospital in Zambia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 69 healthcare practitioners at Livingstone Central Hospital. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure burnout across three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Socio-demographic and work-related factors were also collected. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationships between these factors and burnout. The findings revealed moderate levels of burnout. Emotional exhaustion averaged 18.2, with 16% reporting extreme fatigue. Depersonalization had a mean score of 9.8, while personal achievement was generally low, averaging 39.5, with about 61% of respondents reporting reduced accomplishment. Age, work experience, and professional role were significantly associated with burnout dimensions. Regression analysis showed that workplace comfort and functionality (β = -11.2, p < 0.001) and decision-making involvement (β = -7.5, p = 0.007) were strong protective factors, explaining about 45% of burnout variance (R² = 0.445). Organisational support for professional growth also had a significant impact, accounting for 46% of variance (R² = 0.461). Findings suggest that workplace comfort, involvement in decision-making, and organisational support for professional growth are strongly associated with lower burnout scores. These factors may serve as protective correlates rather than definitive solutions. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions and policies to support the well-being of healthcare workers and, consequently, improve the quality of patient care. The need for future research remains to solidify and expand the understanding on burnout.

Dietary supplementation with feed additives may influence intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in grazing cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with capsaicin and/or monensin on intake, nutrient digestibility, energy balance, blood parameters, ruminal kinetics, ingestive behavior, and ruminal fermentation of grazing bulls. Four crossbred (Holstein Zebu) bulls (375 14 kg body weight (BW); 24 1months of age), fitted with rumen cannulas, were assigned to a 4 4 Latin square design and maintained on 1.2 ha of Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) pasture with supplementation at 0.3 % of BW. The bulls were allocated to the following treatments: (1) control (CON): supplementation without additives; (2) capsaicin (CAP): supplementation including 100 mg kg-1 of total dry matter (DM) of capsaicin (CAPCIN®, NutriQuest, São Paulo, Brazil); (3) monensin (MON): supplementation including 20 mg kg-1 of total DM of sodium monensin (Poulcox 40®, Huvepharma, Bulgaria); and (4) capsaicin monensin (CAPMON): supplementation including sodium monensin (20 mg kg-1 DM) and capsaicin (100 mg kg-1 DM). Supplementation with CAP and MON increased the total tract digestibility of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) compared with CAPMON supplementation. A tendency toward a greater ruminal DM pool was observed in bulls supplemented with CAPMON compared with those receiving CAP and MON, whereas bulls supplemented with MON showed higher passage and turnover rates of potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber (tdNDF) than those supplemented with CAP. Bulls receiving CAPMON spent more time grazing (min d-1) compared with those supplemented with CAP and MON. In addition, bulls supplemented with CAP and MON exhibited higher ruminal pH and lower propionate concentration than those supplemented with CAPMON. The use of capsaicin and/or monensin at the evaluated doses may be applied in animal production.

Abstract. Paleosols formed by the burial of topsoil during landscape evolution can sequester substantial amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC) over millennia due to protection from surface disturbances. We investigated the moisture sensitivity of buried SOC storage in the Brady paleosol, a loess-derived soil in Nebraska, USA, where historical aeolian deposition during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition buried soils up to 6 m deep. Topsoils from erosional (up to 1.8 m depth) and burial (up to 5.8 m depth) transects were incubated under two moisture regimes – continuous wetting (60 % water-holding capacity) and repeated drying–rewetting – to assess soil organic matter (SOM) vulnerability to changing hydrologic conditions. SOC decomposition rates modeled from CO2 fluxes were consistently higher in erosional than burial settings, with surface re-exposure of Brady soils enhancing microbial accessibility and destabilization. A two-pool model showed that >96 % of SOC was stored in a slow-cycling pool, particularly in deeply buried soils where stabilization was linked to mineral association, fine particles, and Ca-mediated flocculation. However, this pool decomposed more rapidly in shallower Brady soils (higher turnover rate relative to buried soil), reflecting increased microbial responsiveness to surface-driven processes. Drying–rewetting cycles caused greater C losses from Brady soils than continuous wetting, despite the dominance of the slow pool and depletion of labile C. These cycles also accelerated fast pool decay in modern soils and erosional transects, whereas burial dampened variability in Brady soils. Although continuous wetting increased overall decay in burial transects during the incubation period, wet–dry cycles destabilized the slow pool, which may result in greater long-term C loss. Together, these results underscore the importance of burial depth, geomorphic context, and moisture regime in shaping the long-term vulnerability of ancient SOC under climate change.

BackgroundNurses are vital in addressing global healthcare workforce shortages. The shortage of nurses and high turnover rates are concerned with the quality of care. To further explore the mechanisms underlying nurse turnover, this study focuses on the mediating role of work engagement, examining the relationship between hospital safety climate, work engagement, and turnover intention.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional research design of nurses in hospitals in Guangdong Province using a convenience sampling method. General information survey, hospital safety climate scale, work engagement scale, and turnover intention scale were adopted. The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of work engagement was tested through the PROCESS macro mediation model in SPSS.ResultsThe hospital safety climate was positively correlated with work engagement (r = 0.549, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with turnover intention (r = −0.324, P < 0.01). Work engagement was negatively correlated with turnover intention (r = −0.400, P < 0.01). The mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between hospital safety climate and turnover intention has been demonstrated. The mediating effect is significant, with a value of−0.175, representing 53.77% of the total effect.ConclusionsThe turnover intention of nurses in Guangdong Province is high. Work engagement plays a partial mediating role between hospital safety climate and turnover intention among nurses. This study further enriches JD-R theory and new ideas for nurse managers to take measures to stabilize the nursing workforce and reduce turnover.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the impact of financial and non-financial compensation effectiveness on turnover intention among Generation Z employees. The high turnover rates within Generation Z, despite receiving adequate financial compensation, indicate a shift in their preferences regarding the workforce. Generation Z tends to seek more than just financial compensation, such as flexibility, a supportive work environment, and opportunities for growth. The method used in this study is a literature review, analyzing various relevant scholarly journals related to strategic compensation, Generation Z characteristics, and turnover intention. The research findings show that non-financial compensation has a more significant impact in reducing turnover intention among Generation Z compared to financial compensation. Therefore, companies need to focus on aspects such as work-life balance, career development opportunities, and an inclusive and supportive work culture. These findings provide valuable insights that companies should adopt a more holistic reward approach through the total rewards concept, which includes both financial and non-financial compensation, in order to enhance loyalty and retention of Generation Z employees in the long term.

Mitochondrial quality control is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis by balancing the removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) with the generation of new mitochondria (mitochondrial biogenesis). A key feature of mitochondrial damage is loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which initiates mitophagy, enabling effective mitochondrial clearance. Although an array of tools exists to assess mitochondrial damage (depolarization), many rely on acute, nonphysiological depolarization or provide semiquantitative measures of mitochondrial damage, limiting their ability to resolve intact versus damaged mitochondria within heterogeneous mitochondrial networks. Therefore, in the present study, we developed and validated an imaging-based assay to quantify intact mitochondria in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells using dual-fluorescence labeling. This approach combines a ΔΨm-dependent (MitoTracker Red FM) dye with a ΔΨm-independent label [CellLight mitochondria-green fluorescent protein (GFP)]. Dual-labeled mitochondria in untreated hASM cells exhibited ∼10% nonoverlap between the two fluorescence signals, indicating the presence of damaged (depolarized) mitochondria in homeostatic conditions. Dose- and time-dependent treatment with the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) induced loss of ΔΨm, confirmed by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), and resulted in a marked reduction in fluorescence overlap, volume of intact mitochondria, and increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Complementary analysis using the redox-sensitive reporter pMitoTimer was performed, where a shift in fluorescence signal from green to red is indicative of increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and rate of mitochondrial turnover. Together, these findings validate the dual-labeling strategy as a quantitative method to distinguish intact from damaged mitochondria in situ and as a useful tool for studying mitochondrial quality control, potentially translatable to various cell and disease models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce an imaging-based approach to quantitatively distinguish intact from damaged mitochondria within heterogeneous mitochondrial networks using fluorescent labels that exhibit different sensitivities to mitochondrial membrane potential. By combining membrane potential-independent CellLight GFP label with membrane potential-dependent MitoTracker Red, this method sensitively quantifies basal and stress-induced mitochondrial damage in hASM cells. This assay provides a practical and interpretable metric of mitochondrial integrity that complements existing methods that measure mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress.