Turkic World Research Articles

Lycopene Supplementation Either Purified or as in Tomato Powder to the Diet of Laying Hens Lowers Egg Yolk Cholesterol by Modulation of Sterol Transporters

Abstract Objectives The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of purified lycopene (LYC) or a source of LYC as in tomato powder (TP) on live hen performance, egg yolk cholesterol concentrations as well as the gene expressions related to mechanism and regulation of cholesterol, namely Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1), acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP), ATP binding cassette transporters sub-family G member 5 and 8 (ABCG5/8), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP1c). Methods A total of 150 20-week-old white laying hens were divided into one of 3 treatments, with 10 replicates of 5 hens per cage, totaling 50 hens per treatment. The birds were fed either a basal diet (Control) or basal diet supplemented with 20 mg purified lycopene/kg diet (LYC) or an equal amount of lycopene-containing tomato powder (TP) for 12 weeks. Results Feed intake, egg production and feed conversion ratio remained similar among treatments (P ≥ 0.27). However, egg weights from hens fed a diet supplemented with lycopene particularly the purified form were greater (P = 0.036). Supplementing lycopene either purified or as in TP increased the concentrations of serum and egg yolk lycopene but decreased serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.001). Supplementing LYC purified or as in TP decreased the gene expression of intestinal NPC1L1, MTP, ACAT2, hepatic SREBP1c, ACLY, and LXRα but increased hepatic ABCG5 and ABCG8 (P < 0.001). The gene expressions were more pronounced with TP supplements compared with that of the LYC supplements. Conclusions The results of the present work revealed that egg yolk cholesterol metabolism is downregulated through decreased activities of intestinal NPC1L1, MTP, ACAT2, hepatic SREBP1c, ACLY, and LXRα but upregulated with increased hepatic activities of ABCG5 and ABCG8. Funding Sources Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization of Turkey (KOSGEB) Turkish Academy of Sciences.

Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtının Azerbaycan Basınına Yansıması

Doğu Akdeniz havzasında yer alan Kıbrıs Adası, hem Akdeniz hem de Ortadoğu için stratejik bir konuma sahiptir. Eski çağlardan günümüze Akdeniz’de ticari ve askeri üstünlük sağlamaya çalışan farklı toplumlar, adayı ele geçirmek için mücadele etmişlerdir. Defalarca el değişen ada, birçok savaşa şahit olmuştur. 1571 yılında Osmanlı egemenliğine giren ada 1878 yılında İngiltere’ye geçici olarak verilmiş ve aynı devlet 1914 yılında resmen adayı işgal ettiğini bildirmiştir. İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra artan Sovyet tehdidi nedeniyle Bağdat Paktı’nın imzalandığı 1954 yılına kadar Kıbrıs meselesi ile ilgilenemeyen Türkiye, bu tarihten itibaren olayların içerisinde yer almaya başlamıştır. Gelişen çeşitli hadiseler akabinde adada soykırım ile karşı karşıya kalan Türkleri korumak ve mezalimden kurtartmak için askeri operasyondan başka çaresi kalmayan Türkiye 1974 yılında iki müdahale ile duruma müdahale etmiştir. Türkiye’nin adaya müdahalesi bütün dünyada olduğu gibi Türk dünyasında da geniş yankı uyandırmıştır. Çalışmanın temel esası olan Azerbaycan basınına göre Kıbrıs Barış harekâtı da bu yankıyı aktarmaya yöneliktir. Sovyet sistemi içeresinde olan ve basın dâhil birçok konuda sansürün uygulandığı Azerbaycan’ın olaylara bakışı temasıyla hareket edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden belge ve doküman analizi yöntemi ile oluşturulan çalışma nihayetinde; Kıbrıs’taki olayların Azerbaycan basınına göre baş aktörü olarak NATO gösterilmeye çalışıldığı ve Amerika’nın bölgeye yerleşme noktasında bu durumu kullandığının anlatıldığı görülmüştür.AbstractLocated in the eastern Mediterranean basin, the island of Cyprus has a strategic position for both the Mediterranean and the Middle East. From ancient times to the present day, different societies trying to achieve commercial and military superiority in the Mediterranean have struggled to take over the island. The island, which has changed hands repeatedly, has witnessed many battles. The island, which came under Ottoman rule in 1571, was granted temporarily to Britain in 1878, and the same state officially declared its occupation of the island in 1914.Due to the increasing Soviet threat after the Second World War, Turkey was unable to deal with the Cyprus issue until 1954, when the Baghdad Pact was signed. Turkey, which had no choice but to carry out military operations to protect the Turks who faced genocide on the island and to save them from persecution, intervened with two interventions in 1974. Turkey's intervention on the island has had wide repercussions in the Turkish world as well as in the whole world. According to the Azerbaijani press, which is the main basis of the study, the Cyprus peace operation is also intended to convey this echo. The Soviet system and censorship was applied in many issues including the press. The work that was created from qualitative research methods by the method of document and document analysis is ultimately; according to the Azerbaijani press, it was seen that NATO was trying to be the leading actor of the events in Cyprus and that America was using this situation at the point of settling in the region.Keywords: Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Soviets, NATO, Turkey

The Notion of Zh.Balasagyn’s Heritage in the Formation of Personality under the Program «Rouhani Zhangyru»

The article describes the role of the system organization of national education and nurturing for the formation of an intellectually educated person who will help the country’s future prosperity and build a future democratic society. The basics of national education in the formation of the younger generation that contribute to the development of national interests of the country is considered in the article. One of the important directions of development of the company’s strategic resources was the need to create new opportunities for the implementation of youth policy and the potential of the young generation. The revival of forgotten national traditions in course with the implementation of the “RUKHANI ZHANGYRU” program are analyzed in the article. The role of studying national values and the great heritage of the people as the genetic code of the nation is important in the formation of a competitive person of the new time, a person with high universal values. The heritage of the great thinker, philosopher, and public figure of the Turkic world, Zhusup Balasagun, plays an important role in the formation of national identity. The “Blessed knowledge” reflects the psychology and wisdom of the Turkic people, the ideals of education, and the wisdom of governing the country. In fact, teaching students the skills and abilities of leadership, management, communication, and pedagogy can be enriched by considering the situations of this work (a distinctive case study). At the same time, the great thinker in the famous legacy emphasizes the importance of human kindness, humility and humanity in building a fair-minded society. The scenarios of classes and the technology of their implementation with the inclusion of situations from the legacy of J. Balasaguni, as well as discussions and techniques for asking effective questions are discussed in the article. 21 students and 45 master degree students took part in the discussion on the evaluation of this methodological approach. Key words: national idea, national heritage, kindness, national feelings, national upbringing.

Batken’de (Kırgızistan) ve Batman’da (Türkiye) Ters Lale Efsaneleri

Lalenin Türk kültür, sanat ve edebiyat hayatında olduğu kadar halk anlatılarında ve inancında eşsiz bir yeri vardır. Sert iklim koşullarında yaşayan Türkler için lale yeniden doğuşun, uyanışın, hayatın, bereketin simgesi ve kışın ardından gelen baharın müjdecisi sayılmaktadır. Ters lale ise halk anlatılarında ve inancında şekline bağlı olarak hüznü, acıyı ve gözyaşını temsil etmektedir. Kırgızistan’ın Batken ilinde ve Türkiye’nin birçok bölgesinde ters lale ile ilgili çeşitli efsaneler söylenmektedir. Batken’de bir dağa, kayaya ve köye adı verilen Aygül çiçeği eyaletin en önemli sembollerindendir. Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetişen ve çeşitli adlarla anılan ters lale Batman’ın Sason ve Kozluk ilçelerinde kültürel ve maddi bir değerdir. Aynı familyadan olan bu endemik türler yaşam alanları ve dış görünüşleri açısından birbirine oldukça benzemektedir. Bu çiçeklere bağlı olarak Batken’de “Aygültaş” ve Batman’da “Ters Lale” adında bir kayalık etrafında cereyan eden olay örgüleri, şahıs kadroları ve içerikleri açısından benzerlik gösteren iki farklı efsane anlatılagelmektedir. Bu efsanelerdeki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar hangi sebeplerden kaynaklanmış olabilir? Göç, kültür ve halk anlatısı olguları arasında nasıl bir ilişki vardır? Türkiye Türklerinin yüzyıllar önce Anadolu’ya ilk yerleştikleri bölge olan Doğu Anadolu’daki bir ters lale efsanesiyle atayurtlarındaki efsanenin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi Türk Dünyasındaki ortak folklor, kültür, inanç ve değerler konusunda ipuçları verecektir. Söz konusu efsaneler olay örgüsü, şahıs kadrosu ve içerikleri açısından halkbilimi kuram ve yaklaşımları çerçevesinde incelenerek karşılaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır.

On the Question of Prince Abdulkerim Effendi’s Becoming the Emperor of Turkestan with Japan’s Support

Japan, whose modernization began in 1868 with the Meiji Restoration taking the West as a model, became powerful enough to change the previous balances in Asia in a short time through its achievements in the economic and military fields. This fact inevitably gave way to conflicts first with China and then with Tsarist Russia. Japan was victorious in both wars and began to pursue new land gains on the mainland through the direction of nationalist groups that were influential in the military and civil bureaucracy and gathered around the idea of ‘Greater Asianism’. Japan expanded her field of influence through direct occupations and founding puppet states and attempted to infiltrate the Turkic world. Japan supported the 1933 uprising in East Turkestan with the intention of making Sultan Abdulhamid’s grandson Prince Abdulkerim Effendi, the Emperor and Caliph of Turkestan, if the uprising were successful. This article investigates the new documents found in the Japanese archives and sheds light on the attitudes of the Turkish Republic and the Soviet Union towards this development.

SOCIO-POLITICAL VIEWS OF TURKISH THINKERS AS A BASIS OF RELATIONS

The article discusses the fact that when studying the content, nature and types of modern relations, ignorance of the main historical stages of their development leads to many difficulties. The main goal of the author is to determine the foundations of indirect communication between people according to the views expressed in the works of the thinkers of the Turkic world and Kazakh scientists. The article considers the scientist as a developer of new knowledge that unites the past and the future, revives the material and spiritual culture, and analyzes his individuality, assessing the period after his death. Determine its impact on the work of the next generation of scientists; A scientist has three different characteristics: the definition of the field in which his scientific work is applied in practice, and the relationship of his scientific heritage at different stages. As a result, the future creativity of the scientist will be assessed. In this regard, the works of al-Farabi, J. Balasagun, K.A. Yassaui, M. Kashgari, A. Yu. Yugnaki, S. Bakyrgani, M. Kh. Dulati are analyzed.

HISTORICAL POEMS OF THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE OF AZERBAIJAN

The article analyzes the poems of the popular Azerbaijani poets Sabir Rustamkhanly and Nurangiz Gyun, who occupy a special place in modern Azerbaijani literature. The poem “Meeting with Orhan” by Sabir Rustamkhanly reflects the historical period of the formation of the Turkic ethnos. The work presented in fiction prose historical facts about the heroic pages of the formation of the great Turkic world, their genealogy, roots, and historical realities of Turkism. The work "Firefly" is dedicated to Mahmudali Chiraganly from South Azerbaijan, his fight against lawlessness and social injustice. Poems Nurangiz Gyun shows the course of the war and its impact on human life. The article also assesses the research of scientists who have determined their views on these works. An analysis of these works suggests that Azerbaijani writers and poets have always sought to embody the basic needs of people in artistic expression in their work. In the period of becoming independent, the first plan included issues of the integrity of the motherland and the problem of independence.

Linguoculturological aspect of the modern “dünürlük” tradition in Turkish sustainable terms

The family and kinship culture, which includes traditional associations, is based on a strong foundationin Turkic society. Nowadays, many research works in the field of language and culture, especiallyrelated to customs and traditions, are based on the disclosure of national understanding and nationalstyle of life in Turkic world. Nevertheless, as a linguicultural fact, there is not enough research in Turkishproverbs in the literature of our country. This article analyses the characteristic features of the tradition«dünürlük» of Turkish people in the context of all-Turkish traditions based on sustainable terms related tothe tradition of swattering. The purpose of this article is to reveal the meaning of the tradition «dünürlük»in the Turkish sense and, with the help of a content-thematic grouping, to identify the specificity of Turkishsustainable terms, which reflect the tradition of swattering.The article gives examples of sustainable terms, their translation and meaning, which make it possibleto determine the relevance and prerequisites of the tradition «dünürlük». Based on the analysis ofthe material, the Turkish sustainable terms are compared in linguoculturological aspect.Key words: «dünürlük», Turks, traditions, expressions, linguoculture.

Kültegin Yazıtı ndaki Bér- Tasvir Fiilinin Bir Anlamı Üzerine

Descriptive verbs of the Turkic language, used from the earliest periods to our time, are constructions formed from a verb and auxiliary verb, attached to each other through the gerund affixes. In these structures, the main verb retains its meaning, and the descriptive verb indicates aspects of the implementation of the action indicated by the main verb. The descriptive verb ber-, often used in Orhun texts, is often incorrectly translated into Turkey Turkish. The descriptive verb {-A ber-}, often translated into Turkey Turkish by the verb {-I ver-}. But, the descriptive verbs {-A ber-} and {-I ver-} are different origin and also their meanings are different. Therefore, their use as equivalents causes translation problems and misunderstanding of the sentences by the readers. In order to resolve this problem within the context of our study, the necessity of taking into consideration such meanings, as to make beneficial, to do determinedly, perfective aspect and manner of action beside that of swiftness, of the descriptive verb {-A ber-} in translations from both historical Turkic dialects and modern Turkic dialects into Turkey Turkish is brought to the attention of the readers through the example of the sentence “Kisi oglinta uze ecum apam Bumin Kagan, Istemi Kagan olurmis. Olurupan Turk boduniŋ ilin, torusin, tuta birmis, iti birmis.” In addition to the descriptive verbs {-A ber-}, {-p ber-}, {-I ver-} which are frequently used incorrectly, are classified according to their meanings.

Tatar Maarif Hayatının Öncüsü: Gılman Kerimi (1841-1902)

The European style of innovation and reform movements among the Idil-Ural Turks has evolved with the influence of reform movements in the whole Turkish world. Jadidist movement, firstly started to be applied in schools as a form of modern teaching methods which were called “usul-i cedit” and adopted in the public. In the following years, it has shown itself in almost all areas of social life such as education, press, theatre, story and novel. Gilman Kerimi is the most important name in Tatar educational life. In order to better understand the method of usul-i cedit, Gilman Kerimi went to Bakhchysarai in Samara province and met with Ismail Gaspirali in person. This meeting paved the way for important developments not only for Gilman Kerimi but also for the family and Turkish world. Upon returning to his village after meeting with Ismail Gaspirali, Gilman Kerimi started to change his previous teaching method that he had already applied in 136 villages where he worked as an imam and mullah, and he partially succeeded. In this study, it is aimed to introduce Gilman Kerimi, father of Fatih Kerimi, who is accepted as the founder of modern Tatar literature. For this purpose, the biography named “Merhum Gilman Ahund” written by Fatih Kerimi on the death of his father is used here. In this way, this study has provided opportunity to reach a large amount of information about Gilman Kerimi who was presented with a few short sentences in Turkish publications and wasn’t known to Turkish people much before as there has not been an independent study in Turkey about Gilman Kerimi who was one of the most important actors of Jadidist movement in Idil- Ural tribe.

Suvar?aprabhasa-Sutra nın Eski Uygurca ve Çince Çevirileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (15. Bölüm 149-171. Satırlar Arası)

In this study, the remaining part between 149th-171st lines of Chapter 15 titled as sarasvati atl(i)g t(e)ŋri kizi otug otunmek “the requesting (/presentation) of the goddess named as Sarasvati” is discussed of the sutra book named in Sanskrit Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra, which was a sutra book of Mahāyāna Buddhism (大乘佛教 Dasheng Fojiao) and translated into Chinese by Yi Jing and from Chinese into Old Uighur by Shingko Sheli Tutung, known with its Old Uighur name, Altun Yaruq (Golden Light) Sutra. The aim of this study is to make a comparative evaluation by considering two translation texts on the basis of such questions as “Should the translation be verbum e verbu, the word for word or sensum exprimere de sensu, the translation of meaning?” However, it is also aimed to briefly explain some of the basic concepts of Buddhism such as toyin, nom ėligi etc. in the Old Uighur text and 呪 zhou, 菩提 puti etc. in the Chinese text, and to reach some conclusions about the translation attitude of Shingko Sheli Tutung on the basis of this sample. Firstly, theoretical information about the subject is presented here. Then, since the path followed in the study was text comparison, the texts of comparative translation in Old Uighur & Chinese of the part between 149th-171st lines of the 15th Chapter of Altun Yaruq and the translations of these texts into Turkish in Turkey were given respectively. Later, the explanations about the texts were made and the results of the comparative evaluation were tried to be presented. In addition, the fragments from Turfanforschung Digitales Turfan-Archiv [Turfan Research Digital Turfan Archive] and Radlov-Malov publication are given in the appendix section at the end of the article so that the researchers can easily access the relevant documents.

Kaşgar dan Doğu Türkçesi Şiirler [Çeviriyazı - Aktarma - Söz Varlığı - Tıpkıbasım

The poems represented in this study under the title as “Eastern Turki Poems from Kashgar” constitute the main subject of this study. The poems on which no academical study conducted by now are kept in Sweden in the Library of Lund University. Swedish Turkologist Gunnar V. Jarring recorded in his catalogue that poems were written in Uighur language and defined the poems as “Popular Eastern Turki Poems”. Actually poems are consisted of 2 folios and they were copied in 1908 in Kashgar probably from a manuscript of a collected literary works or the original poetry folios. As is known, Chaghatai Turkic became a classical common literal language in the 15th century via Ali Sir Nevāyī’s works among the Turkic nations excluding Ottomans, but towards the 20th century, dominant character of Nevāyī’s Chaghatai decreased little by little in the Eastern Turki literature and also varied with some features of other Turkic dialects because of the effects of local speech in different regions. According to the linguistic results of this paper, the Eastern Turki poems, that is to say, the research subject, belong to the “Post-classical period of Chaghatai Turkic” and they are certainly the literal works of 18th or 19th century. In the view of this information, the poems are analyzed from the perspective of a philological methodology in the study. Firstly a transcription of the poems in Latin alphabet, secondly the translation of the poems into Standard Turkey Turkish and thirdly a glossary in which a list of words containing the morphological and etymological data are presented in comformity with the mentioned methodology. Additionally, the original facsimile of the poems in Arabic script is presented at the end.

Russian language in the post-Soviet space through the eyes of young researchers from Russia and Kyrgyzstan: apology for pragmatism and new opportunities for the dialogue of cultures

This article is dedicated to an overview of the International Youth Forum “Russia and the Turkic World: The Outlook of Youth from Russia and Kyrgyzstan” through the lens of relevant problems of international cultural and humanitarian cooperation in the space of former Soviet Union. This event, organized by the Saint Petersburg Society of Russian-Turkish Relations in the Area of Science and Culture with the support of the Presidential Grants, can be rightfully considered the first relations international event of such format in history of modern Russian-Kyrgyz relations. The Forum was held for two days (April 26-27, 2019) on the platform of Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after Boris Yeltsin (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan). In the center of authors’ attention are the key issues, priorities and objectives of the foreign language and cultural policy of the Russian Federation in Central Asia. The indicated problematic deserves careful attention of the global expert-analytical community in the conditions when the region in question has become an intersection of foreign policy and strategic interests of an entire number of states that hold leading positions in the modern system of international relations.

TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ DİLBİLGİSİNDE YARGI

Turkey Turkish grammers refers to the term of judgement in the definition, explanation and classification of the sentence. But the use of the judgement in the grammar sources without defining it creates problems in these issues. In order to eliminate these problems, the definition and explanation of the judgement should be made first. For this purpose, the definition of the judgement in grammar sources is emphasized primarily. The definitions of the term “judgement” in grammar and linguistic dictionaries were investigated and it was found that the definition of the judgement was not made in most of these sources. This lack of resources in grammar has been tried to be solved with the dictionaries of philosophy. Modern Turkish grammar resources use the judgement in the explanation and the classification of the sentence. For this reason, grammar sources were scanned and the relevant information was compiled and evaluated. In order to get a clear idea about the definition and content of the term “judgement”, it is considered appropriate to examine the origin of the word. In this way, it is possible to establish a connection between the present meaning and the previous meaning of the word and to determine the content of the term “judgement” in grammar. Finally, in the light of the data obtained from all these investigations, a conclusion has been reached on the definition and content of the term of judgement

Some Common Social Motifs in the Turkish World of Traditional Wrestling

Some Common Social Motifs in the Turkish World of Traditional Wrestling

О ТЮРКСКОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ В МИРОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ

Тюркский мир на протяжении длительной истории являлась уникальным местом, где зарождались и развивались мощнейшие культуры и цивилизации, оказавшее огромное влияние и воздействие на ход, и развитие мировой истории, культуры и цивилизации. Его влияние было обусловлено тем, что Тюркский мир, будучи географически расположенный в центральной части евразийского континента, всегда был связующим мостом между двумя великими культурами Востока и Запада.

“Alp Kara Arslan” Efsanesi ve “Basat’ın Tepegöz’ü Öldürdüğü Boy” Arasındaki Benzer ve Farklı Yanlar Üzerine

Although the communities of the Turkic world which spreading from Asia to Europe have gone through different political, social and religious adventures, they have kept their cultural codes alive in folk cultures that keep the national memory alive. There is a similarity in Turkish oral culture products that are passed from oral area to written area in different centuries and different geographies. Folklore products change over time and the effects of the socio-cultural and socio-political incidents of the period in which they were written down are also observed. The legend of Alp Kara Aslan in Ulu Han Ata Bitigçi or transmitted from Süleyman b. Abdülhakk b. Pehlivan el-Azerbaycânî according to Haarmann, is one of them. There are similar and different aspects between this legend written in different fields in different centuries with the book of Dede Korkut and the epic How Basat Killed Tepegoz in book of Dede Korkut. Although there are no similarities in the story of Basat, who saved the province of Oghuz, with the legend of Alp Kara Aslan, which is the subject of descent, the heroes' growth process, the source of their power, the stages of finding their identity and the zoomorph, the animal-ancestor thought circle, similar and different sides stand out.

Mesnevis by Nizami in the famous historical source of the 13th century

In the article it is said about the 13th century monument dealing with the history of the mighty Turkish Seljuk sultanate – in the art work ((سلجوق آل تاریخ در (السرور آیت و الصدور راحت” (Signs of peace of mind and joy” (About the history of Seljuk dynasty) by Abu Bakr Najmaddin Mahammad ibn Ali Ravendi, in his work the prominent Azerbaijani poet of the 12th century, the world literature treasure of humanism, human values, philosophical wisdom, moral and spiritual qualities, tolerance, human and personality factor, absolute justice, etc. the place and objectives of the artistic samples used by the genius Nizami Ganjavi who enriched them with the ideas that are actual for today. The author has noted that the “masnavi”s by Azerbaijani poet and thinker Nizami Ganjavi are valuable and reliable sources for studying the certain periods of the history of Azerbaijan and the Turkic world as a whole, especially their historical personalities and statesmen. In other words, the first “Khamsa” of the world literature is not only a pearl of the artistic art, but also an invaluable historical source. Therefore, Mahammad Ravandi writing the work about the history of the Seljuks appealed to the “masnavi”s by the prominent masters of the East such as Abulgasim Firdovsi, Khaja Nizamulmulk, Nizami Ganjavi and others, it was completely natural for him to strengthen it with the artistic examples and of course, it is proved once again by the content of the verses he chose. Key words: history, Seljuks, Ravendi, art work, Nizami, “Khosrov and Shirin”, “Leyli and Majnun”.

Фразеологизмдердегі түркі әлемінің тілдік бейнесі

The article considers the semantic features of phraseological units in the language picture of the Turkic world. The phraseological foundation in any Turkic language is a mirror of the nation’s life. The whole life of the tradition, the system of values of the people is gathered here. The fund of cognitive knowledge of Turkic-speaking peoples 64ISSN 2664-5157. Turkic Studies Journal, Number 1, Volume 2, 2020Guldarhan Smagulova replenishes each other. Since the world of shared values, stereotypical skills and cultural lifestyles and their similarities in religion are based on a holistic mental space. The image of this integrity is collected and preserved through the cumulative quality of the language, and proves the cultural identity in the past way of life of the Turkic peoples. At the same time, the cultural interpretation of Turkic phraseology and paremiology has of particular importance. Today the phraseology of the Turkic languages is a comprehensive object of research and its scientific results are based on anthropocentric approaches. One nation- one language. Only ethnolinguistic and linguo-cultural studies can analyze the ethnic content of images preserved in the language and the differences between the Turkic world and other nations. Ethnic culture is the most ancient layer, the primitive basis of national culture. The traditions and customs of this layer reflect the commonness and similarity of the Turkic culture. Therefore, the general vocabulary in the fund of the Turkic languages, identical phraseological units, linguistic traces of cultural rhemes in the history of the ethnic group, and common subjects in our literature require scientific analysis.

Оғыз таңбалары

The Oghuz, whose history of emergence and development lies in the period of the VIII–XIII centuries, played a significant role in the formation of modern Turkic peoples. The Oghuz tribes consisted of 24 families. They started the process of Turkization of the peoples of the medieval Eurasian steppes. The evidence of it is the similarity of Oghuz tamgas found on the territory of Zhetysu, Syr Darya and Western Kazakhstan with tamgas of other Turkic-speaking peoples. Today Oghuz tamgas attract the attention of many domestic and foreign researchers, but scientists are only interested in genealogical and cultural aspects so far. In case tamgas are perceived as a full-fledged source, some problems related to the studies of the medieval history of the Great belt of steppes can be solved, for example, such as clarifying the geography of distribution of the Oghuz tribes, analyzing their political and economic activity, as well as determining the degree of kinship of the Turkic peoples among themselves. The article considers the pronounced differences and similarities of Oghuz tamgas in different written sources, the synchronicity of the existence of tamgas in the Turkic world, and how well the problem is studied.The results of preliminary research indicate the presence and preservation (based on the monuments) of Oghuz tamgas among Kazakhs, Turks, Azerbaijanis, Kirghiz, Tatars, Turkmens, Nogais, Bashkirs. This, in turn, indicates the existence of Turkic unity in the researched territories during the periods of the proliferation of Oghuz tamgas.