Turbine Equipment Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF THE OPERATING AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF A POWERFUL STEAM TURBINE HPC FLOW PART

The results of a research of the various operating and geometric parameters influence on the efficiency of the high-power steam turbine high-pressure cylinder flow part for nuclear power plants is presented in the paper. The purpose of the research is to determine the rational characteristics of the high-pressure cylinder flow part to ensure its high gas-dynamic efficiency. Seven options of a high-pressure cylinder with different numbers of stages, designed for the characteristics of the promising AP1000 nuclear reactor, were considered. The research was caried out using modern methods of gas-dynamic calculation and designing of turbomachine flow parts, implemented in the IPMFlow software package. As a result of the analysis, rational values of the main characteristics of the stages, such as the dimensionless conditional rate of thermal drop, the ratio of the circular velocity of the rotor grid to the conditional thermal drop rate, and the effective angle of the stator in absolute motion, at which the greatest gas-dynamic efficiency is achieved, were established. The influence of the "diffusivity" of the meridional contours between the penultimate and last stages on the flow structure and gas-dynamic efficiency was analyzed. Among the considered options, the five-stage high-pressure cylinder has the lowest total kinetic energy losses and outlet velocity losses, which provides it with the highest total gas-dynamic efficiency. High-pressure cylinder with four stages has slightly worse gas-dynamic efficiency compared to the five-stage flow part, but, due to the smaller number of stages, it has lower metal consumption and cost. The results of the research can be used in the designing and modernization of domestically produced steam turbine equipment, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness and energy security of Ukraine. Keywords: nuclear power plant, steam turbine, high-pressure cylinder, gas-dynamic efficiency, stage characteristics.

Fractional-Order Time Delay-Considered Inertia Compensation Strategy Optimization for Wind Turbine Dynamic Simulation System

The wind turbine dynamic simulation system enables the transfer of complex and challenging field tests to a controlled laboratory environment, making it widely applicable for wind turbine equipment testing and wind power strategy validation. However, when simulating real wind turbines, the system requires inertia compensation. During the execution of command reception and dispatch, the system is affected by fractional-order time delay, leading to an acceleration deviation component in the dynamic simulation process and resulting in speed fluctuation issues. To address this problem, this paper proposes an inertia compensation strategy for the wind turbine dynamic simulation system based on fractional-order time delay deviation suppression. First, a mathematical model of the wind turbine dynamic simulation system is established to analyze the existing acceleration deviation component and abnormal speed fluctuation in conventional inertia compensation strategies. Second, a deviation suppressor is designed based on the zero-pole placement principle. Finally, the stability of the system with the suppressor is verified, and a simulation model is constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Use Low Wind Speed to Meet Electricity Demand in Remote Areas

Around the world, remote areas face difficulties in accessing electricity. Therefore, studying multiple energy supply options to find solutions is an important topic. This paper takes Chinese studies as an example, the advantages and disadvantages of various power generation modes are compared. From the degree of environmental impact, power generation cost, and the needs of people in remote areas, the study found that the use of wind power is the most suitable for research objectives. A comparison was made between conventional wind turbines and existing low wind speed wind turbine studies in China. It is concluded that low wind speed wind turbine equipment is more suitable for remote areas (Low wind speed refers to wind resources with wind speed below 4m/s in airspace below 50m). In this paper, the low wind speed wind turbine is analyzed, and it is found that it has a special structure, which can make it operate in the place of variable wind direction. Therefore, a low wind speed wind turbine is proposed to solve the difficulty of electricity consumption in remote areas.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL THE EXECUTIVE SERVOMOTOR OF THE HYDRAULIC TURBINE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

The article presents a mathematical model of executive servomotor. In the world and domestic practice of creating hydraulic turbine equipment, there is a clear tendency to create computer-based rotor speed control systems for hydraulic turbines. Computer systems provide an opportunity to implement the introduction of effective algorithms using software that improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the system. This in turn increases the importance of mathematical modeling both at the design stage and during commissioning. The analysis of the performed works devoted to the mathematical description of the elements of the hydraulic drive of the regulator showed that they are reduced to linearized equations without taking into account a number of important factors that will increase the accuracy of the mathematical model. Improvement of static and dynamic characteristics and the system as a whole can be achieved by solving the scientific problem of studying its dynamics based on the development of a more complete mathematical model. To reduce friction and hysteresis, to prevent obliteration, the electrohydraulic converter plunger in the lower part is equipped with a segner wheel. Improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic turbine speed controllers requires the development of nonlinear mathematical models with subsequent analysis of transients in the hydraulic drive of the speed controller. Evaluation of the quality of transient processes and subsequent adjustment of parameters allows to achieve a reduction in the duration of transients, increase the speed and accuracy of positioning at small movements of the servo motor. A number of unaccounted factors during the preparation of the mathematical model of the electro- hydraulic converter makes it possible to increase its adequacy to the real object of study and increase the speed of the control system of the rotor speed of the hydraulic turbine.

Wind turbine equipment motion blur image restoration algorithm optimized by diffusion model denoising diffusion probabilistic model strategy

Wind turbine equipment motion blur image restoration algorithm optimized by diffusion model denoising diffusion probabilistic model strategy

Plasma flow control inside the S-duct

This study combines experimental and numerical methods to explore an innovative application of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma flow control in a low-speed S-duct. S-ducts are widely used in modern aerospace and turbine equipment; however, their complex geometries make them susceptible to flow separation and stall. Therefore, enhancing internal flow stability is always a critical research focus. As an emerging active flow control technique, DBD plasma flow control generates wall jets or vortices to improve flow characteristics, offering advantages such as no mechanical wear, low power consumption, and rapid response compared to traditional control methods. However, constrained by an incomplete understanding of the physical properties of plasma to date, its application has been widely limited to simple geometries. This study aims to expand the applicability of DBD plasma flow control to more complex structures. The results indicate that, at a flow velocity in the duct of approximately 20 m/s, the plasma actuator, acting as a wall jet, can effectively modify the velocity distribution within the duct. However, this effect is relatively limited when reflected in pressure variations. This research demonstrates the potential of DBD plasma actuators in complex flow environments and provides essential experimental and simulation references for future studies.

Effect of inclusion on contact damage evolution of wind turbine gears based on configurational force theory

Effect of inclusion on contact damage evolution of wind turbine gears based on configurational force theory

Damage to Steam Turbine Rotors Due to Asynchronous Connections of Electric Generators to the Unified Power System

The article aims to contribute to the ongoing study of damage to steam turbine rotors resulting from asynchronous connection of electric generators to the unified power system. At the present time, the assessment of the residual life of steam turbine equipment is based on the study of the degradation of the mechanical properties of steels and the analysis of the thermal stress state. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of such vibrations on the mechanical properties of rotors and their damage. This goal was achieved by solving the following tasks: developing a 3D model of the K-1000-60/3000 LMZ turbine unit shaft based on design documentation; calculating the stress-strain state of the shaft resulting from asynchronous connections using finite element analysis; and evaluating the level of metal damage in the rotors due to torsional vibrations. The developed mathematical model used a classical approach, replacing the working blades and bandage fastenings with concentrated masses and moments of inertia. The most important results are the calculated rotor damages that occur due to asynchronous connection of the turbogenerator to the unified power system with a synchronization angle of 30°. The greatest damage to the rotor metal was found in the shaft section between the steam turbine and the electric generator. The significance of the results obtained is that the use of this data will improve meth-ods for assessing the remaining life of turbogenerators. This, in turn, will improve the reliability and safety of power plant operations.

Intelligent Monitoring and Optimization of Wind Turbine Operation Status on Basis of Vibration Signals

In response to the large monitoring errors and incomplete consideration of fault locations in the operation status of wind turbines, this paper combined vibration signals and used a model constructed using nonlinear state estimation technology (NSET) to monitor and optimize the operation status of wind turbines. Firstly, it collected relevant SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) and vibration sensor data of Unit 5 of Guangdong Yangjiang Shaba Offshore Wind Farm on site, and used wavelet transform to denoise the vibration signal. Then, full consideration can be given to the faulty parts such as wind blades and gearboxes, and a model constructed by NSET using Markov distance to construct a process memory matrix can be used to monitor the status of the wind turbine equipment. Finally, the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can be used to optimize the comprehensive evaluation of the operating status of wind turbines, reducing monitoring errors.

Exploration of Construction Organization for Maintenance of Steam Turbine Equipment in Thermal Power Plants

Exploration of Construction Organization for Maintenance of Steam Turbine Equipment in Thermal Power Plants

Multi-device wind turbine power generation forecasting based on hidden feature embedding

In recent years, the global installed capacity of wind power has grown rapidly. Wind power forecasting, as a key technology in wind turbine systems, has received widespread attention and extensive research. However, existing studies typically focus on the power prediction of individual devices. In the context of multi-turbine scenarios, employing individual models for each device may introduce challenges, encompassing data dilution and a substantial number of model parameters in power generation forecasting tasks. In this paper, a single-model method suitable for multi-device wind power forecasting is proposed. Firstly, this method allocates multi-dimensional random vectors to each device. Then, it utilizes space embedding techniques to iteratively evolve the random vectors into representative vectors corresponding to each device. Finally, the temporal features are concatenated with the corresponding representative vectors and inputted into the model, enabling the single model to accomplish multi-device wind power forecasting task based on device discrimination. Experimental results demonstrate that our method not only solves the data dilution issue and significantly reduces the number of model parameters but also maintains better predictive performance. Future research could focus on using more interpretable space embedding techniques to observe representation vectors of wind turbine equipment and further explore their semantic features.

Novel Prognostics and Health Management Framework to Extract System Health Requirments in the Oil and Gas Industry

The paramountcy of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) within the oil and gas sector is instrumental in ensuring safety, reliability, and economic efficiency by optimizing system availability. However, a prevalent industrial challenge is the lack of a comprehensive identification of health management requirements from actual operational situations. This study introduces an innovative Prognostics and Health Management Framework (PHMF), encompassing a methodical procedure to discern health management necessities systematically. The PHMF consolidates structured causal factors, foundational elements of functional failure, and the antecedents of unplanned downtime, which collectively inform the PHM strategy.This framework offers an integrated view of multiple dimensions of system health, facilitating accurate portrayal and proactive monitoring. It particularly underscores a reverse engineering approach to scrutinize the root causes of system failures and unexpected operational halts. To validate the practicality and efficacy of the PHMF, it has been applied to a real-world scenario: a lubrication oil system within a gas turbine equipment, thereby elucidating the specific PHM strategy prerequisites.

Research on condition operation monitoring of power system based on supervisory control and data acquisition model

Research on condition operation monitoring of power system based on supervisory control and data acquisition model

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DESIGNS OF HORIZONTAL BULB HYDROTURBINES

The key aspects and methods of increasing the energy and operational efficiency of hydraulic turbine equipment at hydroelectric power plants areconsidered. A detailed analysis of directions for improving the main indicators characterizing the advantages of horizontal-type bladed hydraulicturbines has been carried out. Particular attention is paid to direct-flow rotary-blade hydraulic turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation for thehydraulic unit. These hydraulic turbines offer significant advantages over those using a spiral casing for water supply, including high throughput and awide range of operating pressures and flow rates. The focus of the article is on the advantages of direct-flow bulb hydraulic turbines and their potentialuse at high pressures. However, existing direct-flow hydraulic units operate at low heads of up to 25 m. Therefore, there is a need to develop newdesigns for these turbines to operate efficiently at higher heads up to 280 m, expanding the reliable operation zone. The paper examines new designsolutions for which Ukrainian patents have been received, aiming at the effective use of horizontal bulb hydraulic units. The text highlights theproblems of increasing the energy and operational performance of hydraulic turbine equipment at hydroelectric power plants, presenting importanttasks for researchers to optimize structures and improve efficiency. Recommendations for carrying out numerical modeling in CFD (ComputationalFluid Dynamics) programs are proposed to provide a detailed understanding of hydrodynamic processes in the flow parts of hydraulic turbines. Thepurpose of numerical modeling is to evaluate the efficiency and productivity of new hydroturbines in different operating modes. This includesanalyzing the pressure distribution, flow rate and other characteristics inside the turbine. The obtained data will allow to identify potential "weak"points and optimize the blading and other structural elements for maximum efficiency. This integrated research approach, including both experimentaland multiple methods, will contribute to the development of efficient and reliable hydroturbines in line with modern requirements for sustainableenergy development.

Wind turbine blade icing risk assessment considering power output predictions based on SCSO-IFCM clustering algorithm

Wind turbine blade icing risk assessment considering power output predictions based on SCSO-IFCM clustering algorithm

VERIFICATION OF GEOMETRIC MODELS OF THE LPC ROTOR OF THE K-1000-60/3000 TURBINE UNIT BASED ON NATURAL AND CRITICAL FREQUENCIES IN THE ANSYS SOFTWARE COMPLEX

One of the priority tasks of the energy industry is to ensure the reliable and safe operation of steam turbine units of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. Given the difficult situation in the country, it is impossible to replace outdated equipment that has exhausted its design resource with new ones. As is known, the safety factor of the material taken into account during the design of steam turbine equipment was very approximate. At that time, there were no data on the operation of power equipment, which would have already worked for 200-220 thousand hours. in difficult operating conditions. The situation has changed now. There are power installations that have exhausted or are close to exhausting their design resource. By conducting experimental studies with metal samples of this equipment, it is possible to significantly clarify the physical and mechanical properties of steels and their damage due to operation. Therefore, the problem of extending the resource is becoming increasingly important. Computer modeling has greatly simplified the task of calculating the resource of the equipment. However, such a complex object as a steam turbine requires significant computing resources, and the calculation of equations in all finite element nodes is quite time-consuming. It is necessary to look for ways to rationalize calculation mathematical models. At the same time, the accuracy of the calculation should remain at a satisfactory level. In this work, were created simplified geometric models of the rotor of the LPC turbine unit К-1000-60/3000. The option is considered of replacing the working blades with equivalent distributed masses and toroidal rings. Verification of the obtained models based on critical rotation frequencies confirmed the possibility of replacing the working blades with distributed masses. On the other hand, the presence of toroidal rings of large radii leads to a significant reduction of critical frequencies in comparison with normalized values.

Modular design of steam turbines

The key areas of steam turbine construction development are the issues of improving the tools and means of development, production, operation and managing the life cycle (LC) of the main and auxiliary equipment.Observations show that measures to improve the pre-production and actual manufacturing are often carried out separately without a common idea, with different approaches, tools and solutions, which leads to duplication of work, lack of a common line of development to the goal and sometimes incompatibility. Irrational and uneven problem solving should change in favor of a systematic approach to the development of the enterprise, its products and product LC management tools.The "dead end" of extreme unification, typification and standardization restricts and stops the development of products and their production; therefore, a new idea is needed that allows for a unified systematic approach to development and growth (up to explosive growth) against the background of stalled competitors. A new idea or ideology may be the methodological application of the modular principle of creating equipment with simultaneous digital transformation of the enterprise, which should be implemented with methodological and administrative support for the transition of the turbine enterprise from the "old" approaches to the "new" ones.The application of an integrated approach to the implementation of the modular principle with simultaneous digital transformation of turbine enterprises opens up wide opportunities for enhancing competitiveness, and further operating activities using such a concept will lead to the company’s explosive growth. The new concept will allow the development and improvement of steam turbines and turbine equipment using approaches and technical solutions, achieving high technical, economic and operational indicators with reduced costs for design and engineering preparation of production and manufacture of equipment, as well as with minimal time and financial costs to carry out reconstruction and maintenance of equipment by changing modules.

HYDRO TURBINE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

The article presents a mathematical model of an hydro turbine speed control system. In the world and domestic practice of creating hydraulic turbine equipment, there is a clear tendency to create computer-based rotor speed control systems for hydraulic turbines. Computer systems provide an opportunity to implement the introduction of effective algorithms using software that improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the system. This in turn increases the importance of mathematical modeling both at the design stage and during commissioning. The analysis of the performed works devoted to the mathematical description of the elements of the hydraulic drive of the regulator showed that they are reduced to linearized equations without taking into account a number of important factors that will increase the accuracy of the mathematical model. Improvement of static and dynamic characteristics and the system as a whole can be achieved by solving the scientific problem of studying its dynamics based on the development of a more complete mathematical model. To reduce friction and hysteresis, to prevent obliteration, the electrohydraulic converter plunger in the lower part is equipped with a segner wheel. Improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic turbine speed controllers requires the development of nonlinear mathematical models with subsequent analysis of transients in the hydraulic drive of the speed controller. Evaluation of the quality of transient processes and subsequent adjustment of parameters allows to achieve a reduction in the duration of transients, increase the speed and accuracy of positioning at small movements of the servo motor. A number of unaccounted factors during the preparation of the mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic converter makes it possible to increase its adequacy to the real object of study and increase the speed of the control system of the rotor speed of the hydraulic turbine.

Demagnetization Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Generator Based on Improved Residual Neural Network

The permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is the core equipment of the wind turbine. Barrier analysis ensures its safe and reliable operation. The demagnetization failure of the permanent magnet motor will occur because the wind energy equipment works under bad conditions. Taking the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine as the research object, this paper uses ANSYS simulation software to build a two-dimensional electromagnetic field model of the generator to simulate the uniform demagnetization fault of the permanent magnet direct drive generator to obtain the back electromotive force waveform under different operating conditions and convert the back electromotive force waveform into images as input data for fault diagnosis of the improved residual neural network. Two kinds of materials are used to verify the effect of the diagnosis model, and the simulation results show that both materials can be used for demagnetizing fault diagnosis, which proves the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis strategy.

A Cogeneration-Coupled energy storage system utilizing hydrogen and methane-fueled CAES and ORC with ambient temperature consideration enhanced by artificial neural Network, and Multi-Objective optimization

A Cogeneration-Coupled energy storage system utilizing hydrogen and methane-fueled CAES and ORC with ambient temperature consideration enhanced by artificial neural Network, and Multi-Objective optimization