Focused study on metal allocation patterns in Usnea antarctica lichen from James Ross Island.

Abstract Although triple systems are common, their orbital dynamics and stellar evolution remain poorly understood. We investigated the V1371 Tau system using TESS photometry, multiepoch spectroscopy, and recent interferometric data, confirming it as a rare triple system consisting of a eclipsing binary orbited by a classical Be star, with a spectral classification of (B1V + B0V) + B0Ve. The eclipsing binary exhibits an orbital period of ≈34 days, and the Be star orbits the inner pair on a timescale of a few years. Weak H α emission lines suggest the presence of a Keplerian disk with variability on a timescale of months around the Be star, and nearly constant V / R ratio no detectable asymmetry variations. Besides the eclipses, frequencies at 0.24 and 0.26 cycles day –1 dominate the photometric variability. Higher-frequency signals are present, which appear associated with nonradial pulsations. The eclipsing pair ( i ≈ 90 ∘ ) shows projected rotational velocities of 160 and 200 km s −1 . The Be star’s measured v sin i ≈ 250 km s −1 implies a critical rotation fraction between 0.44 and 0.76 for plausible inclinations, significantly faster than the eclipsing components. The shallower eclipses in the KELT data compared to TESS suggest a variation in orbital inclination, possibly induced by Kozai–Lidov cycles from the outer Be star. The evolution analysis suggests that all components are massive main-sequence stars, with the secondary star in the eclipsing binary being overluminous. This study emphasizes the complexity of triple systems with Be stars and provides a basis for future research on their formation, evolution, and dynamics.

In this paper we give a short survey of Voloshin Triple Systems, which are Steiner Triple Systems with a vertex colouring which colour the blocks using exactly two colours. We also provide two conjectures about VTSs obtained by the construction v⟶2v+1, starting from v=3. Finally, we point out some open problems about Steiner Systems S(2,4,v) with a similar vertex colouring, which could provide similar conjectures.

The known population of non-accreting neutron stars is ever growing and currently consists of more than 3500 sources. Pulsar surveys with the SKAO telescopes will greatly increase the known population, adding radio pulsars to every subgroup in the radio-loud neutron star family. These discoveries will not only add to the current understanding of neutron star physics by increasing the sample of sources that can be studied, but will undoubtedly also uncover previously unknown types of sources that will challenge our theories of a wide range of physical phenomena. A broad variety of scientific studies will be made possible by a significantly increased known population of neutron stars, unravelling questions such as: How do isolated pulsars evolve with time; What is the connection between magnetars, high B-field pulsars, and the newly discovered long-period pulsars; How is a pulsar’s spin-down related to its radio emission; What is the nuclear equation of state? Increasing the known numbers of pulsars in binary or triple systems may enable both larger numbers and higher precision tests of gravitational theories and general relativity, as well as probing the neutron star mass distribution. The excellent sensitivity of the SKAO telescopes combined with the wide field of view, large numbers of simultaneous tied-array beams that will be searched in real time, wide range of observing frequencies, and the ability to form multiple sub-arrays will make the SKAO an excellent facility to undertake a wide range of neutron star research. In this paper, we give an overview of different types of neutron stars and discuss how the SKAO telescopes will aid in our understanding of the neutron star population.

Abstract Helium white dwarfs (WDs) with masses less than 0.3 M ⊙ are known as extremely low-mass WDs (ELM WDs), which cannot be produced by single stellar evolution in theory. Generally, these stars are believed to form through binary interactions. Recently, two ELM WDs in unusually wide orbits were reported, i.e., KIC 8145411 and HE 0430-2457. Their orbital separations are too wide to be produced by the binary evolution scenario. In this work, we study the formation of wide-orbit ELM WD binaries from hierarchical triple systems. In this scenario, an ELM WD is formed from the inner binary and subsequently forms a wide binary system with the third object. We find that the merger of an evolved star with a brown dwarf in the inner binary fails to produce single ELM WDs, but Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) explosions can successfully do so. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the supernova explosion on the orbital distribution of the surviving binary and find that this channel may have a probability of reproducing the orbital parameters of HE 0430-2457, but fails to reproduce the observed features of KIC 8145411. This supports recent observational recalibrations suggesting that KIC 8145411 resides in a triple system rather than a binary.

The article examines modern approaches to managing organizational change, focusing on three key aspects: strategic, behavioral, and transformational. It reveals the interrelationship between strategic change planning, human resource management, and radical transformation of organizational structures. An integrated change management model is proposed that considers contemporary business environment challenges. The study explores modern approaches to implementing organizational changes with emphasis on strategic, behavioral, and transformational aspects. Transformational leadership plays a particularly important role as a crucial link between strategic conception and its practical implementation. Leaders capable of inspiring and motivating staff create necessary support and emotional commitment to transformations. Based on analysis of existing theoretical models and empirical research, an integrated change management concept has been developed that combines structural-strategic components, behavioral mechanisms, and transformational leadership. The research confirms that the effectiveness of organizational transformations significantly increases when these elements are applied systematically and simultaneously. The proposed concept enables not only increased probability of successful change implementation but also ensures sustainability of achieved results in the long-term perspective. A clear, well-articulated vision of the company's digital future serves as the key element of this triple system, translated into a concrete action plan with defined implementation stages and measurable performance indicators. Research confirms that organizations with such a clear plan demonstrated 1.6 times more frequent productivity growth and ability to quickly adapt to pandemic shocks . Strategic transparency plays a decisive role in this process, enabling effective resource concentration, precise identification of priority directions, and significant reduction of internal resistance levels. The clear vision serves as a benchmark for all three system components - technological development, management practices, and personnel development, ensuring their consistency. When every employee understands the ultimate goals of digital transformation, technical projects transform into a joint strategic initiative. Measurable performance indicators and step-by-step implementation make the change process manageable and predictable, which is particularly important in contemporary business dynamics characterized by high uncertainty and rapid changes in the external environment.

Abstract Galaxy mergers are predicted to be a critical stage of merger-driven SMBH growth and galaxy evolution. Systems exhibiting multiple active galactic nuclei (AGN) are an important observational tool for constraining the prevalence and properties of merging SMBHs. Most multi-AGN selection methods focus on the identification of AGN pairs, while few focus on the more elusive triple AGN, which are a prediction of hierarchical growth and natural laboratories for studying SMBH dynamics. These systems are rare; only two confirmed cases exist locally ( z < 0.1). Here, we present a new, confirmed triple AGN system, WISEJ121857.42+103551.2/WISEJ121901.77+103515.0, with nuclear separations of 22.6 and 97 kpc, identified within a sample of spatially resolved mid-IR dual AGN. The system exhibits multiwavelength evidence for three distinct AGN hosted in an ongoing galaxy merger. To confirm the nature of this system, we present new radio observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in A-configuration at 3, 10, and 15 GHz, providing subarcsecond resolutions, and the Very Long Baseline Array at 4.9 GHz, providing milliarcsecond resolutions. These observations confirm this system as a triple AGN, and the first triple AGN in which all three nuclei host radio AGN.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive disruptions in large-scale brain networks that precede cognitive decline, yet conventional functional connectivity analyses often fail to detect disruptions in coordination among large-scale brain networks that may be critical for early detection. This study leverages quasi periodic patterns (QPPs) and complex principal component analysis (cPCA) to characterize spatiotemporal network alterations across longitudinally stable (normal cognitive, mild cognitive impairment, dementia of Alzheimer’s type) and transitioning (normal cognitive to mild cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment to dementia of Alzheimer’s type) cohorts from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative using resting state fMRI. QPPs were used to derive recurrent spatiotemporal templates and network integrity measures at the intrinsic connectivity network level, while cPCA decomposed Hilbert transformed time series into complex valued patterns that capture amplitude and phase relationships. Nonparametric group comparisons revealed a structured trajectory in which limbic, subcortical, and higher cognition networks, including triple network components, are affected early, followed by progressive disruption in visual, cerebellar, sensorimotor, and additional triple network systems. Transitioning cohorts showed many of these alterations before formal diagnostic conversion, indicating that spatiotemporal signatures carry preclinical information. QPP based metrics were particularly sensitive to limbic and subcortical degradation, whereas cPCA emphasized changes in higher order, visual, and cerebellar patterns, revealing complementary aspects of the same underlying pathology. These findings extend prior QPP only work and highlight the utility of combining QPP and cPCA based measures as a dynamic, network-level biomarker framework for AD progression. with potential applications in early detection, characterizing disease trajectories, and treatment monitoring.

Abstract We study the multiplicity of galaxies in the largest sample of red-Herschel sources (S250μm < S350μm < S500μm) using archival ALMA observations. Out of 2416 fields with ALMA detections (from a total of 3,089 analyzed maps), we identify 474 multiple systems within a radius of 16 arcsec (equivalent to the 500 μm Herschel beam-size): 420 doubles, 51 triples, and 3 quadruples. In each case the brightest source contributes, on average, 64, 48, and 42 percnt of the total flux in double, triple, and quadruple systems. The average combined ALMA flux density of the sources in double systems is comparable to that of the two brightest components within triple and quadruple systems. Non-parametric tests suggest that only a small fraction of the double systems (≲ 13 percnt) are comprised of sources with compatible redshifts, while 47-67 percnt of triple and quadruple fields contain at least one potentially associated pair. Simulations using a mock catalogue of dusty star-forming galaxies suggest that 32 percnt of the double systems are likely physically associated (Δz < 0.01, i.e. ≲10 comoving Mpc at z = 3) and, while only 8 percnt of the triple and none of the quadruple systems meet this criterion, ∼ 70 percnt of them include at least one likely associated pair. Our results suggest that enhanced star formation rates in submillimetre galaxies are primarily driven by internal processes rather than large-scale interactions. This study also provides a catalog of potential overdensities for follow-up observations, offering insights into proto-cluster formation and evolution.

Galactic double white dwarfs will be prominent gravitational wave sources for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). While previous studies have primarily focused on formation scenarios in which binaries form and evolve in isolation, we present the first detailed study of the role of triple stellar evolution in forming the population of LISA double white dwarfs. We used the multiple stellar evolution code ( MSE ) to model the stellar evolution, binary interactions, and the dynamics of triple star systems and then used a Milky Way-like galaxy from the TNG50 simulations to construct a representative sample of LISA double white dwarfs. In our simulations, about 7 × 10 6 Galactic double white dwarfs in the LISA frequency bandwidth originate from triple systems, whereas ∼4 × 10 6 are in isolated binary stars. The properties of double white dwarfs formed in triples closely resemble those formed from isolated binaries, but we also find a small number of systems, ∼𝒪(10), that reach extreme eccentricities ( > 0.9), a feature unique to the dynamical formation channels. Our population produces ∼𝒪(10 4 ) individually resolved double white dwarfs (from triple and binary channels) and an unresolved stochastic foreground below the level of the LISA instrumental noise. About 57% of the double white dwarfs from triple systems retain a bound third star when entering the LISA frequency bandwidth. However, we expect the tertiary stars to be too distant to have a detectable imprint in the gravitational wave signal of the inner binary.

Abstract Many studies have examined the climatology of individual types of impactful weather systems such as cyclones, fronts and thunderstorms, with some recent studies also considering compound weather systems where more than one type occur at the same time and location. Here we examine compound weather systems based on environmental diagnostics of cyclones, fronts and thunderstorms applied to global reanalysis data for the first time based on multiple decades. Occurrence frequencies are mapped for each type of compound weather system from 1979 to 2020. Results for the double weather system types show that the cyclone and front combination mostly occurs in high-latitude ocean regions, whereas the cyclone and thunderstorm combination as well as the front and thunderstorm combination mostly occur in midlatitude land regions. The triple weather system type of the cyclone, front and thunderstorm combination is rare but tends to occur near the midlatitude east coast and adjacent maritime region of each continent. Thunderstorm-related compound weather systems have occurrence frequency maxima around 35°S and 35°N for ocean regions, with larger occurrence frequencies in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere, whereas for land regions these occurrence frequencies are smaller in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere. Long-term trends indicate more thunderstorm-related compound systems in some tropical land regions and midlatitude locations near the east coast of each continent, as well as changes in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics consistent with cyclones moving poleward. This dataset and methodology are also intended to be useful for future studies relevant to a range of disciplines, such as for insight on drivers of hazardous rain, wind and ocean waves through this framework of compound weather systems in regions through the world.

The aim of achieving the air-blast temperature exceeding 1080 °С for heating hot-blast stoves typically involves the use of blast furnace gas (BFG) enriched with natural gas. This practice leads to significant natural gas consumption. An effective alternative to using natural gas is to preheat the combustion components (BFG and atmospheric air) by utilising the heat of the waste flue gases of the hot-blast stoves. The implementation of such a flue gas heat recovery system at PJSC "Zaporizhstal" in 2004 enabled savings of approximately 30 million m3/year of natural gas and allowed the air-blast temperature to reach 1180-1230°. However, despite the low temperature of the flue gases at the heat exchanger inlet (260-280°C), their service life proved to be short (2.3-3.5 years for the air heat exchanger and 8.2-8.5 years for the gas heat exchanger). The primary cause of the low durability of the heat exchangers was determined to be low-temperature sulphuric acid corrosion of the steel tubes. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of changes in the initial parameters of the BFG and the preheating temperature of the combustion components on the performance indicators of the hot-blast stoves, and to improve the existing waste heat recovery system of PJSC "Zaporizhstal". The study investigated the effect of changes in the initial BFG temperature on its humidity, calorific value, and calorimetric temperature. It was determined that raising the gas temperature from 30 °C to 60°C leads to a significant increase in its humidity (from 32 to 176 g/m3 and from 34 to 189 g/m3 at total gas pressures of 111.132 and 102.973 kPa, respectively). This, in turn, causes a reduction in the BFG's calorific value by 13% and the calorimetric temperature by 9 %. To achieve a temperature under the hot-blast stove dome of 1350°C with the BFG preheated to 180°C, the required combustion air temperature is 120-190°C in winter and 150-310°C in summer. Upon combustion of the BFG, sulphur oxides are formed, which react with water vapour to create sulphuric acid vapours contained within the combustion products. It was established that, under the conditions of hot-blast stoves, the sulphuric acid dew point temperature ranges between 118-130°C. It was found that the short service life of the heat exchangers in the existing waste heat recovery system is due to the sulphur content in the steel of the tubes and the acidic nature of the condensate. Furthermore, the existing heat recovery system was identified as having a number of drawbacks, the most critical of which is the lack of measures to prevent corrosion of the metal tubes. An improved heat recovery system is proposed, which involves the use of three sections in each heat exchanger, vertical tube placement, and a triple regulation system to ensure the minimum allowable flue gas temperature remains above the sulphuric acid vapour dew point. Structural solutions have been developed to enable the cleaning of the heat exchanger tubes and the replacement of the sections most susceptible to corrosion. The proposed system is projected to increase the heat exchangers' inter-repair service life by 2-3 times, raise the average air-blast temperature by 50-60°C, and ultimately ensure a reduction in the cost of iron production.

Abstract The formation and evolution of short-period contact binaries are also open questions, and these systems are important to study the evolution of common convective envelope, investigate the mass transfer and discuss the final fate of binaries. In this paper, new light curve fitting and orbital period change analysis of nine contact binaries are presented. We found that these nine targets are shallow contact binaries, and GZ And is a totally eclipsing contact binary star. The asymmetric light curves of six targets can be explained by the starspot model.
The O-C diagrams of six binaries show long-term variations, which can be explained by the mass transfer between two components or angular momentum loss in these systems. Meanwhile, the O-C diagrams of V582 Lyr, V1172 Her and V1207 Her show possible cyclic oscillations with a period of 12.88 yr, 15.45 yr and 4.60 yr, respectively, which can be interpreted as the results of the cyclic magnetic activity or the light travel time effect due to the presence of a third body. If they are triple systems, the mass of the tertiary companion is determined to be M3sini3= 0.057 M⊙ for V582 Lyr, M3sini3 = 0.122 M⊙ for V1172 Her and M3sini3 = 0.074 M⊙for V1207 Her. In addition, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that the secondary component of BF Tri and GZ And could be a pre-main sequence star and more than half of primary components of these systems have evolved with a position above TAMS.

Abstract δ Scuti stars in binary or multiple systems serve as crucial probes for studying stellar pulsation and evolution. However, many such systems are not ideal for asteroseismology due to uncertainties in mass transfer with close companions and the challenges of dynamically measuring all components’ physical properties. The triple system DG Leo, comprising an inner binary and a distant δ Scuti star, is an ideal target due to its well-separated pulsator. By combining new TESS photometry with archival spectroscopy, our dynamical analysis shows that the system’s three components share similar masses, radii, and luminosities within errors, occupying coincident Hertzsprung–Russell diagram positions, indicative of coeval evolution. By fitting seven observed δ Scuti frequencies through asteroseismic modeling with dynamically constrained theoretical grids, we simultaneously trace the pulsating star’s evolution and constrain the triple system’s evolutionary stage, with the derived fundamental parameters showing consistency with the dynamical solutions. Our analysis reveals that all three components of DG Leo are in the post-main-sequence phase, with a system age of 0.766 4 − 0.1258 + 0.1402 Gyr. Additionally, the δ Scuti component shows multiple nonradial modes with significant mixed-character frequencies, providing precise constraints on its convective core extent ( R cz / R = 0.056 2 − 0.0021 + 0.0137 ).

Abstract We prove that every ‐vertex linear triple system with edges has at least copies of a pentagon, provided . This provides the first nontrivial bound for a question posed by Jiang and Yepremyan. More generally, for each , we prove that there is a constant such that if an ‐vertex graph is ‐far from being triangle‐free, with , then it has at least copies of . This improves the previous best bound of due to Gishboliner, Shapira, and Wigderson. Our result also yields some geometric theorems, including the following. For large, every ‐point set in the plane with at least triangles similar to a given triangle , contains two triangles sharing a special point, called the harmonic point. In the other direction, we give a construction showing that the exponent cannot be reduced to anything smaller than and improve this further to for a 3‐partite version of the problem.

DA-1241 is a novel GPR119 receptor agonist under development as a therapeutic candidate for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. To enable precise quantification of DA-1241 in mouse, rat, dog, and human plasma, a simple and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS approach was designed and thoroughly evaluated. Plasma samples were processed using protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by chromatographic separation on a reverse-phase C18 column (3.0-mm i.d. × 50 mm, 2.7 μm). Isocratic elution was achieved using a mobile phase composed of 1-mM ammonium formate and 2-mM formic acid in water and acetonitrile (13:87, v/v) operated at a flow setting of 0.3 mL/min. Mass spectrometry analysis was conducted using an Agilent 6460 triple quadrupole system operated in multiple reaction monitoring with positive electrospray ionization. Ion transitions were m/z 472.1 → 135.9 for DA-1241 and m/z 480.2 → 404.1 for DA-1241-d8 (internal standard). The total chromatographic run time was 4.5 min. Linearity of the calibration curves was confirmed throughout the range of 1-10 000 ng/mL, with no carry-over observed. Precision and accuracy for intra-assay and interassay were within 14.3%, except at the lower limit of quantification, where values remained within 16.0%. The method met all the other validation criteria for matrix effect, recovery, and stability. The established method was successfully implemented on plasma protein binding assessments and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of DA-1241 after a single oral administration in mice, rats, and dogs.

Purpose Recent trends in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce indicate rising consumer demand for efficient, rapid and sustainable deliveries, making last mile delivery (LMD) increasingly vital. This study investigates the previously underexplored dimensions of sustainability in LMD within the Indian B2C e-commerce context by examining the associated risks and their corresponding mitigation strategies. Design/methodology/approach A three-round Delphi study was conducted with 33 experts to establish a comprehensive and consensus-based understanding of sustainability risks and mitigation strategies in the LMD of B2C e-commerce. Findings This study identified several novel types of sustainability risks and corresponding mitigation strategies. It develops a theoretical framework that categorizes these risks and strategies using diverse theoretical lenses. Additionally, eight key propositions are formulated as major contributions. Research limitations/implications This study addresses the gaps in LMD research by linking risks with sustainability using the TBL, STM, SCOR, stakeholder and institutional perspectives. It identifies and maps new sustainability risks and strategies and develops a holistic sustainability risk and mitigation framework for decision-making. This study’s outcomes provide actionable insights for e-commerce policymakers and practitioners to enhance the efficiency, sustainability and resilience of LMD operations. Originality/value This study explores sustainability risks in B2C e-commerce LMD through the theoretical lenses of the triple bottom line (TBL) and systems theory of management (STM), with particular attention to product returns as a major sustainability concern. It further leverages the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model to formulate actionable strategies.

Abstract Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) form through galaxy mergers and are among the loudest sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the Universe. If the binary inspiral time is long, a subsequent galaxy merger can introduce a third black hole, forming a triple system. In the Illustris cosmological simulation, 6% of MBHBs form such triples at parsec scales, where strong three-body interactions are likely. We apply results from numerical simulations of triple massive black holes (MBHs) to strong triples identified in Illustris to assess their impact on MBH mergers and recoils. We find that triple interactions raise the merger fraction, reduce the median merger timescales in strong triple systems, and increase the overall merger fraction slightly (by 4%). Furthermore, massive major mergers are over three times more likely to be facilitated by strong triple interactions than mergers in general. We also compare GW recoil kicks to gravitational slingshot kicks from triple interactions. Both mechanisms can produce kicks exceeding host escape speeds, ejecting MBHs and producing wandering or offset black holes. Although slingshots yield the kicks with the highest velocity, GW recoils dominate the ejected population when assuming random MBH spin orientations. Under this assumption, ejections from GW recoil and slingshot kicks reduce the total number of mergers by 6%. Our results highlight the impact of strong triple dynamics and GW recoils on MBH evolution and support their inclusion in cosmological simulations.

Innovative sdab-based CAR-T cells targeting BCMA outperform current CAR-T therapies for multiple myeloma

3-Leibniz-Lie triple systems, deformations and cohomologies of nonabelian embedding tensors between Lie triple systems