Triglyceride Glucose-body Mass Index Research Articles

Cross-sectional study of the association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and obstructive sleep apnea risk

BACKGROUND The triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a novel indicator of insulin resistance (IR). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent complete or partial collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep; however, the relationship between these two conditions remains unexplored. We hypothesized that a higher TyG-BMI is associated with the occurrence of OSA. AIM To assess the association between TyG-BMI and OSA in adults in the United States. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys spanning from 2005-2008 to 2015-2018. TyG-BMI was calculated as Ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/ dL)/2] × BMI. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the risk of TyG-BMI and OSA occurrence. To identify potential nonlinear relationships, we combined Cox proportional hazard regression with smooth curve fitting. We also conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses to verify the robustness of our findings. RESULTS We included 16794 participants in the final analysis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that participants with a higher TyG-BMI had a higher OSA incidence. After adjusting for all covariates, TyG-BMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of OSA (odds ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.40; P < 0.001); no significant nonlinear relationship was observed. Subgroup analysis showed no strong correlation between TyG-BMI and OSA in patients with diabetes. The correlation between TyG-BMI and OSA was influenced by age, sex, smoking status, marital status, hypertensive stratification, and obesity; these subgroups played a moderating role between TyG-BMI and OSA. Even after adjusting for all covariates, there was a positive association between TYG-BMI and OSA prevalence. CONCLUSION A higher TyG-BMI index is linked to higher chances of developing OSA. As TyG-BMI is an indicator of IR, managing IR may help reduce the risk of OSA.

The correlation between TyG-BMI and the risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background and objectivesOsteoporosis (OP) has emerged as one of the most rapidly escalating complications associated with diabetes mellitus. However, the potential risk factors contributing to OP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), a marker of insulin resistance calculated as Ln [triglyceride (TG, mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2] × BMI, and the risk of OP in T2DM patients.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 386 inpatients with T2DM, comprising both male and postmenopausal female participants aged 40 years or older. Individuals with significant medical histories or medications known to influence bone mineral density were excluded. Machine learning algorithms were employed to rank factors affecting OP risk. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors for OP, while subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of TyG-BMI on OP across different subgroups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to explore the dose-response relationship between TyG-BMI and OP. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the predictive efficiency of TyG-BMI for OP.ResultsMachine learning analysis identified TyG-BMI as the strongest predictor for type 2 diabetic osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, osteocalcin, and uric acid were independent influencing factors for OP. Notably, TyG-BMI also emerged as an independent risk factor for OP (95%CI 1.031–1.054, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a consistent increase in OP risk with higher TyG-BMI levels across all subgroups. RCS analysis indicated a threshold effect, with the risk of OP gradually increasing when TyG-BMI exceeded 191.52. Gender-specific analysis showed increasing the risk of OP when TyG-BMI surpassed 186.21 in males and 198.46 in females, with a more pronounced trend observed in females. ROC suggested that TyG-BMI index has significant discriminative power for type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.ConclusionTyG-BMI has been identified as a robust predictive biomarker for assessing OP risk in middle-aged and elderly populations with T2DM.

Assessing the impact of insulin resistance trajectories on cardiovascular disease risk using longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely associated with Insulin Resistance (IR). However, there is limited research on the relationship between trajectories of IR and CVD incidence, considering both time-invariant and time-varying confounders. We employed advanced causal inference methods to evaluate the longitudinal impact of IR trajectories on CVD risk.MethodsThe data for this study were extracted from a Chinese nationwide cohort, named China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and TyG body mass index (BMI) were used as surrogate markers for IR, and their changes were recorded as exposures. Longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation (LTMLE) was used to study how dynamic shifts in IR trajectories (i.e., increase, decrease, etc.) influence long-term CVD risk, adjusting for both time-invariant and time-varying confounders.ResultsA total of 3,966 participants were included in the analysis, with 2,152 (54.3%) being female. The average age at baseline was 58.28 years. Over the course of a 7-year follow-up period, 499 (12.6%) participants developed CVD. Four distinct trajectories of TyG index and TyG-BMI were identified: low stable, increasing, decreasing, and high stable. LTMLE analyses revealed individuals in the ‘high stable’ and ‘increasing’ groups had a significantly higher risk of developing CVD compared to those in the ‘low stable’ group, while the ‘decreasing’ group showed no significant differences. Specifically, when the exposure was set as TyG-BMI, the odds of CVD in the ‘high stable’ group were 1.694 (95% CI: 1.361–2.108) times higher than in the ‘low stable’ group. Similar trends were observed across other models, with ORs of 1.708 (95% CI: 1.367–2.134) in Model 2, 1.389 (1.083–1.782) in Model 3, 1.675 (1.185–2.366) in Model 4, and 1.375 (95% CI:1.07 − 1.768) in Model 5. When the exposure was changed to the TyG index, the results remained consistent, with a slightly lower magnitude of the odds ratios.ConclusionsHigh stable and increasing TyG-BMI and TyG index trajectories were associated with the risk of CVD. TyG-BMI consistently exhibited higher odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk when comparing with TyG index. Early identification of IR trajectories could provide insights for preventing CVD later in life.

Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Depression in Patients with Stroke.

Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Depression in Patients with Stroke.

Triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride-glucose-body mass index as prognostic factors for early stage breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride-glucose-body mass index as prognostic factors for early stage breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Associations of triglyceride glucose-body mass index and the combination of sedentary behavior and physical activity with risks of all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction: a cohort study from the UK biobank

BackgroundTriglyceride glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI) index, sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are independently associated with all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction (MI). However, it remains unclear whether TyG-BMI index and the combination of SB and PA exhibit joint effects on all-cause mortality and MI.MethodsAmong 502 356 participants from the UK Biobank, 297 761 eligible participants were selected. The Cox proportional hazards model and the restricted cubic spline regression model were used to assess the associations of TyG-BMI with all-cause mortality and MI. To conduct stratified analysis, participants were classified into four groups by SB (<6 h/d and ≥ 6 h/d) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (<150 min/wk and ≥ 150 min/wk). Additionally, the multiplicative interaction was assessed between TyG-BMI and SB & MVPA. Furthermore, to estimate their joint associations, participants were conjointly classified into twelve new groups by TyG-BMI (tertiles) and SB & MVPA (four groups).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.8 and 13.6 years, 21 335 deaths and 9 116 MI were observed, respectively. The dose-response relationship of TyG-BMI with all-cause mortality was U-shaped with a cut-off point at 225.09, whereas the relationship with MI was positive nonlinear with a cut-off point at 266.87. A synergistic effect on all-cause mortality was observed between TyG-BMI tertile 1 and ≥ 6 h/d SB & <150 min/wk MVPA (P for interaction < 0.001). When MVPA ≥ 150 min/wk combined with SB either <6 h/d or not, TyG-BMI tertile 2 showed no significant association with all-cause mortality risk, with HRs(95%CIs) of 0.98 (0.93–1.03) for <6 h/d SB and 1.00 (0.94–1.07) for ≥ 6 h/d SB. When one of the two healthy behaviors was present (i.e., either <6 h/d SB with <150 min/wk MVPA, or ≥ 150 min/wk MVPA with ≥ 6 h/d SB), its combination with TyG-BMI tertile 1 showed no significant association with MI risk, with HRs(95%CIs) of 1.07(0.95–1.20) and 1.09(0.94–1.25), respectively.ConclusionsTyG-BMI index and the combination of SB and PA were independently and jointly associated with risks of all-cause mortality and MI. Our findings highlight the importance of improving insulin resistance to reduce all-cause mortality risk, particularly in individuals with long-term SB and insufficient PA, who are more susceptible to the adverse effects of TyG-BMI index. In long-term sedentary individuals, meeting PA guidelines (≥ 150 min/wk of MVPA) effectively mitigated risks of all-cause mortality and MI associated with TyG-BMI index.

Associations of triglyceride glucose-body mass index with short-term mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke

BackgroundThe triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been established as a convenient and reliable marker for assessing insulin resistance (IR) and has been shown to be significantly correlated with stroke. However, only a few studies have been conducted in this field, with conflicting conclusions.MethodsThis study based on the eICU database, investigated the association between TyG-BMI and 28-day mortality in critically ill ischemic stroke (IS) patients. Multivariate Cox regression models were employed to analyze the impacts of the TyG-BMI on 28-day hospital and ICU mortality. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between the TyG-BMI and 28-day mortality. K‒M curves were utilized for outcome comparisons among different TyG-BMI groups. Additionally, interaction and subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results.ResultsA total of 1,362 critically ill patients with IS were enrolled, with a mean age of 68.41 ± 14.16 years; 47.50% were male. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that, the high TyG-BMI group had significantly higher 28-day hospital mortality(HR = 1.734, P = 0.032) and ICU mortality (HR = 2.337, p = 0.048). RCS analysis showed a nonlinear positive correlation between the TyG-BMI and 28-day hospital mortality. Below the inflection point of the TyG-BMI = 380.37, each increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) (approximately 25.5 units) in the TyG-BMI was associated with a 37.3% increase in 28-day hospital mortality (HR = 1.373, P = 0.015), and above 380.376, each 1-SD increase in the TyG-BMI resulted in an 87.9% decrease in 28-day hospital mortality (HR = 0.121, P = 0.057). The log-likelihood ratio test P value = 0.004. For 28-day ICU mortality, the TyG-BMI exhibited a significant positive linear correlation in RCS.ConclusionsElevated TyG-BMI is significantly associated with an increased risk of short-term all-cause mortality in patients with critically ill IS in the United States. This result provides compelling evidence to address the existing discrepancies in this research domain, indicating that the TyG-BMI could serve as a straightforward and efficient biomarker for identifying critically ill IS patients at high risk of mortality.Graphic abstract

Association between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index and mortality risk in cardiovascular disease populations: a longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, with increasing prevalence and impact, especially in the elderly and developing countries. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a significant role in CVD progression, and the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) index, combining fasting glucose and triglycerides, offers a simple, cost-effective method for assessing IR. However, its prognostic value in CVD populations remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between TyG-BMI and mortality in CVD patients.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2018) combined with the linked National Death Index were analyzed. The CVD population was split into two groups (Q1 and Q2) based on the median TyG-BMI. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality.ResultsThe study ultimately included 2,576 participants, of which 56% were male. The median age of the participants was 69 years, and the median TyG-BMI was 256.59. After adjusting for potential confounders, a negative relationship was found between TyG-BMI and all-cause mortality in populations with CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and heart attack. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.73 (0.64, 0.85), 0.67 (0.53, 0.84), 0.69 (0.54, 0.88), and 0.73 (0.59, 0.91), respectively. At the same time, a notable inverse relationship was noted between the TyG-BMI and non-CVD mortality in the CVD and CHD population, with HR and 95% CI of 0.70 (0.58, 0.84) and 0.61 (0.45, 0.82), respectively. In this study, there was no observed noteworthy relationship between TyG-BMI and CVD mortality. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis yielded similar results.ConclusionAmong populations with CVD in the United States, a heightened TyG-BMI was notably correlated with a decreased likelihood of mortality. This index can effectively classify the risk levels of CVD patients and may serve as a valuable prognostic marker.

Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundLimited research has examined the potential association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The objective of this investigation was to analyze this linkage and evaluate TyG-BMI’s capability to predict GDM.MethodsThis research employed secondary data derived from a prospective cohort in South Korea, which included 588 pregnant women with singleton gestations, collected between November 2014 and July 2016. To investigate the connection between TyG-BMI and GDM, logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed. Furthermore, an analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was conducted to assess the prognostic accuracy of TyG-BMI in relation to GDM.ResultsThe cohort exhibited a mean age of 32.07 ± 3.80 years, with 36 individuals (6.12%) manifesting GDM during the interval of 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Following the adjustment for possible confounding variables, an increased TyG-BMI was associated with an elevated risk of GDM, as indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04). Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) for TyG-BMI’s predictive performance was recorded at 0.7979 (0.7143–0.8814), with an optimal threshold established at 211.03, which resulted in a specificity of 86.23% and a sensitivity of 66.67%.ConclusionsIn this South Korean cohort, increased TyG-BMI during early pregnancy (10–14 weeks) was significantly associated with the onset of GDM (during pregnancy 24–28 weeks). TyG-BMI could be integrated into clinical practice as a complementary preliminary screening tool for detecting women who are at increased risk of GDM.

Sex differences in associations of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort of adults with annual health examinations

Background and aimsCardio-kidney-metabolic diseases are major causes of premature death worldwide, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) playing a critical role. Inflammation and insulin resistance have been implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance with incident T2DM to support personalized prevention and management strategies.MethodsA retrospective cohort was used to analyse annual health examination data from the general practice department of a general hospital in Shanghai between 2021 and 2023. After excluding participants diagnosed with T2DM, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease at baseline, 1214 adults were followed up for two years. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of triglyceride–glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), the lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), the monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), and the neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) with incident T2DM.ResultsIn the total population, TyG-BMI (all HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05), LHR, MHR and NHR were significantly and positively associated with incident T2DM. TyG-BMI was significantly associated with incident T2DM in men (both HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05), whereas LHR, MHR and NHR were strongly associated with incident T2DM in women (all HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05). The interaction effect between LHR and sex was statistically significant.ConclusionSex differences play an important role in incident T2DM. Men should be aware of weight control to avoid obesity-related insulin resistance, whereas women should monitor metabolic inflammation indicators such as LHR for early detection and intervention of their T2DM risk.

The first-trimester triglyceride glucose-body mass index is a valuable predictor for adverse pregnancy outcomes

BackgroundAlthough insulin resistance has been associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, the ability of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indicators to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes has yet to be thoroughly understood. The study aims to investigate the association and predictability of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), a biomarker of non-insulin-based insulin resistance, with the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodThe retrospective study included 1,136 subjects. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was employed to identify the TyG-BMI index trajectory. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, and subgroup analysis were used to assess the association between the TyG-BMI index trajectory and the first-trimester TyG-BMI index with the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the DeLong test were utilized to evaluate the prediction ability of the first-trimester TyG-BMI index for adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsGBTM revealed three distinct trajectories of the TyG-BMI index. Using the “low-stable” trajectory as a reference, the “high-stable” trajectory was independently associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.20–3.37), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (aOR = 6.05, 95% CI 3.00–12.18), and large for gestational age (LGA) (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.28–6.25). The highest quartile of the first-trimester TyG-BMI index was independently linked to elevated GDM (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.92–5.59), HDP (aOR = 9.26, 95% CI 3.19–26.88), and LGA (aOR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.00–5.09)risks. Additionally, the third quartile of the first-trimester TyG-BMI index had 2.21-fold increased odds of GDM (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.27–3.82). The first-trimester TyG-BMI index demonstrated a significant linear association with GDM, HDP, SGA, and LGA risks. Compared to the TyG-BMI index trajectory, the highest quartile of the first-trimester TyG-BMI index exhibited a stronger association with the risks of GDM and HDP (aOR = 3.09 and 7.39, respectively). Furthermore, according to the ROC curve, the first-trimester TyG-BMI index outperformed the TyG index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio at predicting HDP (0.726 [0.650–0.801] vs. 0.603 [0.527–0.679] vs. 0.615 [0.537–0.693]), LGA (0.619 [0.540–0.699] vs. 0.534 [0.454–0.613] vs. 0.540 [0.458–0.622]), and GDM (0.664 [0.622–0.705] vs. 0.632 [0.588–0.676] vs. 0.604 [0.560–0.649]). According to the DeLong test, the first-trimester TyG-BMI index was a more valuable predictor for LGA and HDP compared to TyG index and TG/HDL-c ratio.ConclusionHigher levels of first-trimester TyG-BMI and a “high-stable” trajectory were linked to a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, as compared to TyG and TG/HDL-c, the first-trimester TyG-BMI index is a valuable predictor for HDP, GDM, and LGA.

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index with Iron Deficiency in Reproductive Age Women: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.

There is a growing focus on the role of dietary factors and metabolic conditions in the evolution and progression of iron deficiency (ID), yet few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a metric that gauges the inflammatory potential of an overall diet. This study explores the association between DII and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) with ID in reproductive-age women. This analysis utilized data from 2311 reproductive-age women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. ID was identified using serum ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR). The association between DII, TyG-BMI and ID was assessed using weighted logistic regression, linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for diagnostic power. Mediation effects of TyG-BMI were further explored by causal mediation analysis. Among reproductive-age women, both DII and TyG-BMI were significantly positively associated with ID (DII: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.19, 1.48; TyG-BMI: OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.35). There is a close relationship between the DII index and TfR (β= 1.17, 95% CI 1.03, 1.13). RCS analysis indicated that the relationships were mostly linear (P-overall < 0.05, P-nonlinear > 0.05). Furthermore, TyG-BMI mediated 5.19%, 12.83%, and 5.63% of the associations between DII and ID, Ferritin, and transferrin receptor (TfR), respectively. The findings suggest that targeted interventions to enhance dietary practices, nutritional intake, and overall metabolic well-being may result in substantial amelioration of ID among reproductive women.

Association between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index and memory-related diseases: A nationwide cohort study.

Association between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index and memory-related diseases: A nationwide cohort study.

Association between the triglyceride glucose body mass index and asthma: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018

BackgroundAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease whose increasing prevalence poses a significant burden to human health and the economy. Several studies indicate that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with asthma development. The triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a novel biomarker used to evaluate insulin resistance; however, limited research exists on the relationship between TyG-BMI and asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG-BMI and asthma in U.S. adults.MethodThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the 2011–2018 cycles. The exposure variable was the TyG-BMI of participants at baseline, which was calculated based on triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome variable was asthma status, determined via questionnaire. We analyzed participants’ baseline characteristics and employed weighted multivariate logistic regression models to assess the correlation between TyG-BMI and asthma. A subgroup analysis was conducted to assess whether the relationship between TyG-BMI and asthma was influenced by other factors.ResultsIn total, 8,553 participants were analyzed, revealing a positive association between TyG-BMI and asthma. In the analysis of TyG-BMI as a continuous variable, after adjusting for confounding variables, the Odds ratio (OR)(95% CI) for the association between TyG-BMI and asthma was 1.003. After further dividing TyG-BMI into quartiles and adjusting for potential confounders in Model 3, the prevalence of asthma was 0.561 times higher in those with the highest TyG-BMI than in those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.561, 95% CI: 1.181, 2.065). There was a significant interaction between asthma and TyG-BMI among subgroups defined by gender, coronary heart disease, and stroke (interaction P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study found a positive association between TyG-BMI and asthma. These results suggest that TyG-BMI has the potential to be used as an indicator to monitor the prevalence of asthma, but further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality and to assess its utility in the management of long-term comorbidities.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index baselines and variation with future cardiovascular diseases risk in the middle-aged and elderly individuals.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are gradually becoming the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among chronic non-communicable diseases. Previous studies have found that the TyG index is an effective alternative indicator for insulin resistance (IR) and is associated with cardiovascular events. Additionally, obesity directly or indirectly increases the risk of developing CVDs. Up to now, studies on the combined effects of these factors are insufficient, and the conclusions are not yet consistent. This study aims to analyze whether the baseline levels and fluctuations of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) are associated with the incidence of CVDs and their subtypes in a prospective cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals. The data for this study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which is an ongoing nationally representative prospective cohort study. After excluding participants with partially missing variables that could affect the study results, this study ultimately included 7,072 participants, with data records spanning from 2011 to 2020. The exposures were TyG-BMI and the change in TyG-BMI from 2011 to 2015. The TyG-BMI index was calculated as TyG index multiply BMI. The change of TyG-BMI was categorized using K-means clustering and baseline TyG-BMI was grouped based on quartiles. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relationship between baseline quartiles of the TyG-BMI index and its variability with CVDs and their subtypes. Among the 7,072 participants (mean age of 59.1 ± 9.3 years), 3330 (47%) were male. During an average follow-up of 7.1 years, 1,774 (25.1%) participants developed new-onset cardiovascular diseases. After stratification by baseline TyG-BMI quartiles, higher TyG-BMI levels were associated with an increased risk of CVDs, The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the highest quartile group were 1.69 (1.44-2.00). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared to participants with consistently low TyG-BMI levels, those with moderate TyG-BMI levels and a slowly increasing trend had an HR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.10-1.47), while those with the highest TyG-BMI levels and a slowly decreasing trend had an HR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.26-1.83). Material changes in the TyG-BMI are independently associated with the risk of CVDs in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Detecting long-term changes in the TyG-BMI may aid in the early identification of high-risk individuals and help prevent the occurrence of various cardiovascular diseases.

Association of triglyceride-glucose-body mass index with all-cause mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease: results from NHANES.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and all-cause mortality rate and to determine valuable predictive factors for the survival status of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conduct a study on CVD patients in the NHANES database from 2007 to 2016. Patients were divided into four groups based on the weighted quartiles of TyG-BMI. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyze the correlation between this index and all-cause mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate its predictive ability, sensitivity, and specificity. This study included 1085 patients, and revealed significant differences in survival rates among patients with different TyG-BMI levels. Patients in the higher TyG-BMI group have a lower mortality risk, yet there is no evident non-linear relationship. The ROC curve indicates that this indicator can serve as a predictive value for mortality in CVD patients, demonstrating good sensitivity and specificity. This study found a significant association between TyG-BMI index and all-cause mortality in patients with CVD. TyG-BMI can be used as a predictive indicator of all-cause mortality in CVD patients.

Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference as a useful predictor for diabetes mellitus: a secondary retrospective analysis utilizing a Japanese cohort study

Background and objectiveWhile the connection between the Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) index and the risk of diabetes remains understudied, this particular research delves into the potential predictive value of the TyG-WC index within a significant Japanese population.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study encompassed a comprehensive analysis of 15,413 Japanese adults, all of whom were diabetes-free at the outset of the study period from 2004 to 2015. Comprehensive medical records were obtained for all participants who underwent physical examinations. The study employed Cox proportional-hazards regression, smooth curve fitting, various sensitivity, and subgroup analyses to explore the association between TyG-WC and the development of diabetes. Furthermore, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was created to detect the predictive capability of TyG-WC for diabetes risk.ResultsAfter a maximum of 13.0 years of follow-up, 358 people finally developed diabetes. Upon adjusting for covariates, the result showed TyG-WC was positively and independently associated with incident Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.004, 95%C: 1.001–1.006). Furthermore, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that TyG-WC outperformed both the triglycerides-glucose index and triglyceride glucose-body mass index in predicting the onset of diabetes.ConclusionHigh levels of TyG-WC are autonomously linked to a heightened risk of diabetes in the Japanese demographic, indicating its potential as a dependable predictive indicator for diabetes mellitus in individuals at elevated risk.

The prognostic association of triglyceride-glucose index and its derived indicators with stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Research on the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) remains relatively limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of the TyG index and its derived indicators, including the baseline TyG index, the baseline triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), the mean TyG index, and the triglyceride glucose index-standard deviation (TyG-SD), with the prognosis of SCAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This retrospective study enrolled 2,306 patients. The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to evaluate the association between the four TyG indicators and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The predictive ability of the four TyG indicators for MACCE was assessed using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to assess the prognostic differences among groups. After a median follow-up of 26.1 months, a total of 352 patients (15.3%) experienced MACCE. The Cox regression analysis revealed that under a fully adjusted model, when the four TyG indicators were stratified by tertiles, patients in the highest tertile of each TyG indicator had a significantly increased risk of MACCE compared to those in the lowest tertile. Specifically, the hazard ratio for baseline TyG index was 1.653 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.234-2.214), for baseline TyG-BMI was 2.467 (95%CI: 1.849-3.293), for mean TyG index was 2.451 (95%CI: 1.794-3.349), and for TyG-SD was 1.896 (95%CI: 1.430-2.513). Time-dependent ROC curve demonstrated that the mean TyG index had the strongest predictive ability for MACCE at each follow-up time point. The Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that when the four TyG indicators were grouped by tertiles, there were significant differences in the cumulative incidence of MACCE among the three groups for each indicator (P < 0.05). Higher levels of the TyG index and its derived indicators were each independently and positively associated with the risk of MACCE in SCAD patients undergoing PCI. Among these indicators, the mean TyG index demonstrated the greatest predictive value for the risk of MACCE at each follow-up time point. Consequently, tracking the long-term trends of the TyG index may be prioritized in clinical practice.

Value of triglyceride glucose-body mass index in predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

There is limited data on the association between TyG-BMI and NAFLD in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The magnitude of risk prediction and predictive efficacy of TyG-BMI for T2DM with NAFLD remains unclear. To examine the association of TyG-BMI with NAFLD in T2DM patients and assess the effectiveness of screening using the TyG-BMI index. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 602 T2DM patients at an enterprise health lodge from September 2021 to November 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: T2DM alone (n=250) and T2DM with NAFLD (n=352). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparing non-normally distributed continuous data between groups, while the Chi-square test was used for categorical data. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of BMI, TyG index, and TyG-BMI index on NAFLD. The ROC curve was used to assess the predictive efficacy of the TyG-BMI index for NAFLD in T2DM patients. BMI predicted the development of NAFLD in T2DM patients with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.792 (95% CI 0.757-0.828), and the optimal cutoff value was 25.22, with 72.2% sensitivity and 71.6% specificity; The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the TyG index to predict the development of NAFLD in patients with T2DM was 0.755 (95% CI 0.716-0.794), and the optimal cutoff value was 8. 945, with a sensitivity of 80.1% and a specificity of 59.2%; The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of TyG-BMI index to predict the development of NAFLD in T2DM patients was 0.852, (95% CI 0.822-0.882), and the optimal cutoff value was 227.385, with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.1% and 59.2%, respectively. The TyG-BMI index is a significant predictor of comorbid NAFLD in T2DM patients and provides better screening performance than BMI alone. The TyG-BMI index shows promise as an early screening tool for NAFLD in T2DM patients.

Relationship between TyG-BMI index and glycemic index with diet quality, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome.

A recently introduced metric for assessing metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI). Additionally, the glycemic index (GI) is recognized as a significant measure for evaluating conditions associated with blood glucose. In this context, our research explores the correlation between TyG-BMI and GI in relation to diet quality, anthropometric measurements, and blood pressure among individuals diagnosed with MetS. A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 431 employees with MetS at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were taken according to Persian cohort protocols. BMI, C-index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), body adiposity index (BAI), body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), potential renal acid load (PRAL), TyG-BMI and GI were calculated. A physician measured blood pressure, while the dietary inflammatory index was determined using guidelines. Biochemical parameters were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 21, with a significance threshold set at <.05. A significant correlation was identified between the TyG-BMI index and the PRAL index (β = 0.094, P-value = .026), WC (β = 0.627, P-value < .001), BAI (β = 0.396, P-value < .001), and blood pressure (β = 0.063, P-value = .002). Furthermore, the findings indicated a notable association between the GI and blood pressure (β = 0.610, P-value < .001). The results of this study suggest that managing the PRAL index, body weight, and blood pressure may be associated with an enhanced status of TyG-BMI. Additionally, appropriate GI may be linked to regulated blood pressure. These findings can inform health-related policy decisions for these patients.