Triangular Scale Research Articles

Decision-Making Support Framework for Electricity Supply in Non-Interconnected Rural Areas Based on FAHP

The implementation of electrification programs in non-interconnected rural areas in Colombia is a challenge for the country in order to reduce the social gap in these regions. This task is responsibility of the Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), which has as challenges the implementation of renewable energy projects that allow diversifying the national energy matrix. For this reason, this paper proposes a support framework for multicriteria decision-making in the electricity supply of non-interconnected rural areas for the Colombian Caribbean Region. The multicriteria method of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) was used, which allows the incorporation of a fuzzy triangular scale to improve the imprecision in the judgments made by experts. A hierarchical structure with 6 renewable energy alternatives, 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria was designed, which allowed the implementation of a paired comparison survey that was answered by 10 experts from the region. The results obtained show the relevance of all alternatives, which is evidenced by a percentage difference of less than 5% between all the options. The best alternative was solar PV (20,27%). Regarding the criteria, the most relevant were economic (39,6%) and environmental (30,8%). The most relevant sub-criterion was the renewable fraction, related to the possible reuse of equipment (20,2%).

The Qualities of Romantic Relationships and Emotional Creativity of Hetero- and Homosexual Couples Representatives - Do They Love Differently in the Female Sexual Minority?

Studies of the characteristics of hetero- and homosexual couples relationships are fragmentary. Modern Ukrainian society remains insufficiently aware of this issue, which leads to the stigmatization of a person because of his sexual orientation. The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between emotional creativity and the quality of love relationships in hetero- and homosexual couples. The sample consisted of 20 heterosexual and 20 homosexual female couples (60 women and 20 men) aged 18-40. R. Sternberg's "Triangular Scale of Love", J. Avrill's questionnaire "Emotional Creativity", S. Khedrik's and K. Khedrik's "Psychological Types of Love" questionnaire, T. Rumyantseva's "Circle of Relationships" projective method (2006) were used for diagnosis. It was found out that regardless of sexual orientation, partners in romantic relationships are characterized by the same pronounced emotional creativity and have the similar quality of love relationships. It was determined that love-friendship prevails in all pairs, they also have partially symbiotic relationships, which are more pronounced in some heterosexual couples. Homosexual couples are characterized by more symmetrical relationships, although, as in heterosexual couples, there is a reaction of alienation in response to an attempt to build a symbiotic relationship by another partner. The revealed connections of emotions novelty with love obsession in lesbians and love pragmatism in heterosexual couples indicate the specificity of this emotional creativity component manifestation depending on the sexual orientation of the couples.

Risks affecting hybrid rice yield in Bangladesh: two-tier approach of appraisal and management

Purpose: Bangladesh faces a growing food demand from a growing population under the continuous shrinking of arable land. Most Bangladeshi farmers produce inbred rice. Hybrid rice has been shown, in China, to be far more productive per hectare. Bangladesh cannot feed itself long-term without ample produce of hybrid rice. Yet, fewer Bangladeshi farmers are growing hybrid rice at present; they perceive hybrid rice cultivation as too risky. The present study was conducted to define the yield risks of hybrid rice and develop management strategies to allow hybrid rice to contribute more to food production. Research Method: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to evaluate the risks of hybrid rice production from the farmers’ perspective and the experts’. Three hundred fifty-four randomly-sampled hybrid rice farmers were interviewed with key informants, focus group discussions, experts’ opinion surveys, and workshops. A fuzzy triangular scale was used in calculating the yield risks of hybrid rice production. Findings: From the results, unexpected yield performance, germination failure, unavailability of seed in sowing seasons, and crop failure due to pest infestation were identified as the critical yield risks. A regression model determined that education, family income, innovativeness, hybrid rice cultivation experience, and rice selling in public procurement are lower yield risks in growing hybrid rice. Therefore, educated farmers from high-income families, innovative farmers, experienced farmers, and farmers who sell rice in public procurement face lower yield risk in hybrid rice production. Originality/value: This study mainly identified the critical risk and management strategies for hybrid rice production in Bangladesh. The policy advises encouraging hybrid rice cultivation by reducing yield risk, which is also offered.

Covert contrasts and categorical perception: a comparison of two measurement tools

ABSTRACT This study considers adults’ perception of subtle differences in the error productions of /r/ and /l/ in young children. Given that these two phonemes share a common substitution [w], the potential covert contrast between these three sounds was investigated. The utility of two perceptual rating scales was compared: a linear visual analogue scale (VAS) and a triangular scale that considered the possibility of covert contrast among /r,l,w/. Adult listeners rated speech productions from children with cochlear implants (CIs) and speech age-matched children with normal hearing (NH) as they produced VCV or CV productions with /r,l,w/ in syllable-initial position. Mahalanobis distances of the listener ratings for each stimulus on each rating scale were calculated for analysis. Ultimately, there was no difference between the ratings of the two speaker populations. However, there was a significant difference in the amount of variability captured with each scale. The triangular scale reliably captured more variability in the productions than the linear VAS. The significant effect of scale type on the spread of listeners’ responses provides support for the claim that the type of rating system used can capture different aspects of a listener’s perceptions, thereby suggesting that the type of rating system used in a study may significantly influence that study’s findings.

Snake-Inspired Kirigami Skin for Lateral Undulation of a Soft Snake Robot

Frictional anisotropy, as produced by the directionality of scales in snake skin, is necessary to propel snakes across flat, hard surfaces. This work illustrates the design, fabrication, and testing of a snake-inspired skin based on kirigami techniques that, when attached to a soft snake robot, improves the robot's locomotion capabilities when implementing a lateral undulation gait. Examination of snake scales in nature informed the shape and texture of the synthetic scales, which are activated through the buckling of kirigami lattices. Biological snakes have microornamentation on their scales, which is replicated by scoring ridges into the plastic skin. This microornamentation contributes to the lateral resistance necessary for lateral undulation. The skin's frictional properties were experimentally determined, as were their contributions to the locomotion of the robot across a flat, hard, textured surface. Contributions to locomotion from scale profile geometry, scale microornamentation, and scale angle of attack were identified. The range of longitudinal COF ratios was 1.0 to 3.0 and the range of lateral COF ratios was 0.9 to 3.3. The highest performing skin was the triangular scale profile with microornamentation, producing a velocity of 6 mm/s (0.03 BL/s) which is an increase of 335% over the robot with no skin when activated to maximum achievable curvature.

Not all /r/s and /l/s are the same: Classification of errors in children with cochlear implants versus normal hearing

Purpose: As children acquire speech sounds, they progress from clear substitutions, to “intermediate forms” (covert contrasts), to adult-like productions. However, there is evidence that this progression may be different in CI users as compared to NH children. Identification of intermediate forms is dependent upon rating scales that are sensitive to fine phonetic detail, such as visual analogue scales (VAS). This study uses both traditional VAS and a new 3-dimensional rating scale to explore differences in the /r,l/ productions of young children with and without hearing loss. Methods: Correct and error productions of /r,l/ were extracted from a standardized articulation test for nine congenitally deafened children who received cochlear implants (CIs) prior to age 3 and their speech age-matched controls. Stimuli were shortened to nonsense syllables to prevent real-word bias. Listeners rated these productions on both a VAS and a triangular scale, which allowed listeners to rate phone quality as a multi-dimensional function of /r/, /l/, and /w/. Results & Conclusions: Both rating scales were sensitive to subtle acoustic differences in speech sounds. Listener responses suggested more variability in sound production within the group of CI users. Listeners preferred the triangular scale because it provided greater response sensitivity.

Emotional Intelligence and Intimacy in Relationships

Emotional Intelligence is the ability to understand, manage one’s own and other’s feelings in order to adapt to the demands of the environment. Intimacy refers to the feelings of closeness and bondedness in close relationships. Emotional Intelligence help enhance intimacy by open expression of emotions and empathetic response to the partner’s self-disclosure. The study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and intimacy in 108 young adults currently in a heterosexual romantic relationship, belonging to the age group of 20-35 years (M=24.1 years, SD= 3.23 years) consisting of 36 (30%) males and 72 (70%) females. The study employed three scales namely Sternberg’s Love Triangular Scale (1988), Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (1998) and Intimacy Attitude Scale Revised (1985). Data was collected through Google forms by emailing the questionnaire to the participants known to be in relationship through common friends and also by personally giving the questionnaire to students of universities in Delhi, NCR region. Positive correlation was found between Attitude towards intimacy and emotional intelligence; commitment and managing owns emotions subscale of emotional intelligence; attitude towards intimacy and managing other’s emotions subscale of emotional intelligence. Thus emotionally intelligent individuals have a greater desire towards intimacy and commitment in their relationships.

Análisis exploratorio de la escala de amor de Sternberg en estudiantes universitarios peruanos

The article describes the properties psicométricas of the Triangular Scale of the Love of Sternberg (1986) (ETAS). The scale was administered to 455 university students of Metropolitan Lima, 145 males and 310 women, whose ages ranged between 16 to 51 years. The results reveal a reliability, by means of Cronbach's alfa, for the total scale of .964. The factors intimidate, commitment and passion present indexes of reliability of .947.922 and.848 respectively. All the coefficients of reliability are considered to be excellent. The analysis factorial exploratorio suggested that they are three factors those that sublie to the articles, though there is evidence of the existence of an alone factor. One concludes that the ETAS presents suitable properties psicométrica, an analysis being recommended to realize factorial confirmatory in order to check the internal structure.

PENERAPAN METODE FUZZY AHP DALAM PENENTUAN SEKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN PROVINSI BALI

The aim of this research is to apply Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method to determine the dominant sectors of economy Bali Province. This research used survey data from respondents who understand about economy of Bali Province and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The research variables consist of criteria and sub-criteria. The criteria consist of primary sector, secondary, and tertiary, while the sub-criteria consist of 9 sectors of the GRDP. Data processing is done by calculating the weighted average and arrange them into pairwise comparison matrices. Furthermore, the consistency ratio is checked. If consistency ratio less than 0.100 (), the elements of matrices is changed into triangular fuzzy scale and processed with synthetic extent to get the priority. Based on the result of research, the economy of Bali are dominated by tertiary sector in sector group, agriculture and forestry in sub-primary group, manufacturing industry in sub-secondary group, and trade, hotel and restaurant in sub-tertiary group.

<I>γ</I>-Radiation Synthesis of Nano/Micrometer-Scale Single-Crystalline Large Gold Plates

An original solution phase approach was developed for the synthesis of single-crystal Au nanoprims with anisotropic structure of triangular, hexagonal and truncated triangular, nanometre or micrometer scale, and nanometer thickness. It has been confirmed that the Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) coated on the magnetite nanoparticles play important roles in the formation of Au nanoplates. Significantly, such Au nanoplates exhibit remarkable optical properties, both the dipole plasmon resonance and the quadrupole plasmon resonance were observed. And the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern shows the nanoplates obtained were single crystals with (111) plans as two basal surfaces. The growth of gold nanoplates in the solution with time had been monitored by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to allow the detection of several key intermediates in the growth process. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the production of large planar gold nanostructures with gamma irradiation in combination of another nanocomposite materials (APTES-Fe3O4).